Olayinka Ojo

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Daniel D. Hutto

University of Wollongong

Galen Strawson

The University of Texas at Austin

Stefano Maffei

Politecnico di Milano

Shaun Gallagher

University of Memphis

Enrico Cirelli

Università di Bologna

Florin Curta

University of Florida

Francesca Gazzano

University of Genova

Andreas Rhoby

Austrian Academy of Sciences

Adolfo Vasquez Rocca

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Sean Thomas

University of York

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Papers by Olayinka Ojo

Covering Space and Van Kampen theory methods of Fundamental Group

This paper examines two methods of computing fundamental group which are covering space method an... more This paper examines two methods of computing fundamental group which are covering space method and the Van Kampen theory method. Van Kampen theory method is more analytical than the cover space method; the idea is used to solve a geometrical problem of global nature by first reducing it to homotopy theory problem which in turn reduces to an algebraic problem and solves as such. In 2001, H. Fausk et al [1] and Hu [2] showed the isomorphism between left and right adjoint theory and its application to homotopy categories, bearing in mind that homotopy group are higher dimension of fundamental group. In this paper detail explanations of fundamental group and homotopy group will be given. Various definitions and explanation of concepts, which are directly or indirectly related, will also be considered with illustration on how fundamental group can be calculated. This paper also reviews that in principle any space that can be broken up into pieces can have its fundamental group described ...

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This paper discusses principal component analysis (PCA) as an underlying factor reduction and as ... more This paper discusses principal component analysis (PCA) as an underlying factor reduction and as a complex, sequential variable reduction procedure in measuring and evaluating internal consistency of measuring instrument. This review paper provides theoretically and practical contemporary-issues on PCA and factor analysis, variable redundancy illustration, concepts of principal component, number of meaningful component to retain, and factor analysis extraction method in multivariate analysis. This paper collects in one review article information for researchers and practitioners in understanding the subject matter in further simplification of steps in multivariate analysis.

Assessment of Healthcare Providers Compliance with Standard of MDR TB Care and Treatment Outcome

World Journal of Public Health

The acquisition of MDR-TB results mainly from health system/service and patient-related factors. ... more The acquisition of MDR-TB results mainly from health system/service and patient-related factors. Previous studies showed that factors that affect health outcome can be human (patient, healthcare provider) and health system related. Poor quality of care provided to TB patients affects treatment outcome which could trigger development and spread of multidrug resistant TB. This study was conducted to assess treatment outcome of Multidrug resistant clients in Drug Resistant TB treatment centers in North Central Nigeria and assess also compliance of healthcare provider with the standard of MDR TB care and services they render. Data of 300 MDR TB clients were retrospectively collected after a review of the register and drug charts. Twenty-seven (27) participants were selected at random from the 3 states TB program and 18 health facility staff were also selected to answer questions related to compliance of facility and healthcare providers with MDR TB care/services. Response with scores zero (0) and 50% were seen as areas where compliance with the standard was lacking. Identification, training, supervision, and compensation for community treatment supporters, infection control, Socioeconomic and psychological support (including incentives, enablers), expert committee to routinely provide clinical/programmatic consultation prompt treatment initiation, use of electronic drug management system, support groups, adherence to standard operating procedures at facilities. The treatment outcome documented in the study were cured (61.7%), completed treatment (7.3%), still on treatment (17.7%), defaulted (1.3%), failed treatment (0.7%), Pre-XDR TB (4.7%), lost to follow up (1.3%), transferred out (0.7%) and died (9.7%). The study disclosed the treatment outcome of MDR TB clients and areas that compliance with standard is lacking. There is need for TB programmers to periodically assess their services and clients for continuous improvement of the program.

The Emergence of Artificial Intelligence in Africa and its Impact on the Enjoyment of Human Rights

African Journal of Legal Studies

Meeting the rising need for development and tackling the attendant challenges in Africa requires ... more Meeting the rising need for development and tackling the attendant challenges in Africa requires pragmatic and innovative strategies. Although there is evidence that political governance is improving across the continent, these improvements are not meeting the expectations and needs of several sections of the society. Artificial Intelligence (AI) seems to be one tool with a great potential to address these current challenges. Just like every innovative technology, AI has both positive and negative aspects. This article examines the human rights implications of AI introduction into Africa in light of rights enshrined in the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights.

The Emergence of Artificial Intelligence in Africa and its Impact on the Enjoyment of Human Rights

African Journal of Legal S tudies (2021) 1–25, 2021

MRI-based prostate and dominant lesion segmentation using deep neural network

Medical Imaging 2021: Computer-Aided Diagnosis

In this study, a learning-based method using mask R-CNN is proposed to automatically segment pros... more In this study, a learning-based method using mask R-CNN is proposed to automatically segment prostate and its dominant intraprostatic lesions (DILs) from magnetic resonance (MR) images. The mask RCNN is able to perform end-to-end segmentation by locating the target region-of-interest (ROI) and then segmenting target within that ROI. The ROI locating step can improve the efficiency of the segmentation step by decreasing the image size. Dual attention networks are used as backbone in mask R-CNN to extract comprehensive features from MR images. The binary mask of targets of an arrival patient’s MR image is generated by the well-trained network. To evaluate the proposed method, we retrospectively investigate 25 MRI datasets. On each dataset, prostate and DILs were delineated by physicians and was served as ground truth and training target. The proposed method was trained and evaluated by a five-fold cross validation strategy. The average centroid distance, volume difference and DSC value for prostate/DIL among all 25 patients are 0.85±2.62mm/2.77±2.13, 0.58±0.52cc/1.72±1.74cc and 0.95±0.09/0.69±0.12, respectively. The proposed method has shown accurate segmentation performance, which is promising in improving the efficiency and mitigating the observer-dependence in prostate and DIL contouring for DIL focal boost radiation therapy.

Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment: Perception of Community Pharmacists in Abuja Metropolis, Nigeria

Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 2021

Malaria is a life threatening infectious disease that constitutes a major global public health an... more Malaria is a life threatening infectious disease that constitutes a major global public health and economic concern. Consequently, the WHO has recommended a T3 initiative (Test, Treat & Track) to help curb the scourge globally. This study aimed to ascertain the efficacy of malaria diagnosis in malaria case management and perception of community pharmacists on the WHO recommended standard of parasitological diagnosis before commencement of treatment within Abuja metropolis. A descriptive cross sectional study was performed amongst 207 community pharmacists within Abuja Metropolis. Data was obtained through structured, self-administered questionnaire. The association of respondent characteristics with the awareness, practice, and perception of malaria testing, and treatment was evaluated by Chi-square analysis for proportion. Where the number of categories was less than five, Fisher exact test was used. Seventy-two percent (72.9%) were aware of the WHO recommended T3 initiative on mal...

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