Papers by Olayinka Ilesanmi
Journal of Health Management & Information Science, Jul 1, 2017
PubMed, Jun 1, 2021
The global spread of the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has necessitated the implementation... more The global spread of the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has necessitated the implementation of non-pharmaceutical public health measures globally, including school closure. After five months of school closures, the Nigerian government is planning towards the suspension of school lockdown. However, in a bid to ensure that schoolchildren are academically equipped, and measures such as adequate ventilation, handwashing, social distancing, and increased infrastructure need to be implemented to ensure that school reopening does not result to a spike in COVID-19 cases and fatalities in Nigeria.
Journal of HIV and human reproduction, 2015
Background: Risky sexual behavior (RSB) increases the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ... more Background: Risky sexual behavior (RSB) increases the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. There are few documented studies on the pattern of RSB and associated factors among people living with HIV. This study aimed to determine the pattern and proportion of HIV-positive patients with RSB and and its associated factors at the Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 314 sexually active persons receiving antiretroviral therapy treatment for at least 1 month was done using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Study-related data were obtained and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science version 21.0. Bivariate analysis to find the association between age, sex, level of education, and occupation and RSB was explored with Chi-square test. Results: The mean age of respondents was 38.6 ± 8.6 years while 43.6% were male. At least one RSB was reported in 42.4% (n = 314). RSBs such as nonconsistent condom use was reported by 25.2%, multiple sexual partners by 4.8%, not knowing partner's HIV status (16.1%), and nondisclosure of status to sexual partner (12.1%). Females (47.5%) were more likely to engage in RSB compared to males (35.8%), P = 0.038. Nonconsistent condom use was reported by 32.2% of females compared to 16.1% of males, P = 0.001. Not being sure of partner's status was responsible for RSB in 21.5% of females compared to 10.2% of males, P = 0.008. Having multiple sexual partners was more in male 10.9%, P < 0.001. Conclusion: RSB occurs more in females and the risk of transmitting HIV to serodiscordant partner exists. Counseling and targeted behavioral change intervention should be instituted to reduce RSB.
Journal of pharmaceutical care, Jan 23, 2021
Background: Community pharmacists (CPs) are key providers of basic healthcare in communities, and... more Background: Community pharmacists (CPs) are key providers of basic healthcare in communities, and barriers that may hinder enormous results in their role during the COVID-19 pandemic should be addressed. We conducted a training on the strategies for strengthening the Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) among CPs. Methods: Participants were 31 CPs in Ilorin, Kwara State. A quasi-experimental, before-and-after study was carried out. Data were captured using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire had three sections; the first contained sociodemographic characteristics such as sex, age, and years of practice. The second section contained eight questions used to assess the knowledge of the respondents, each was assigned a score of “1” and the total obtainable score was “8”. The third section identified the role of CPs in the prevention of COVID-19. Results: The mean age of the 31 CPs who participated in the training was 49.5 ± 13.7 years, and 18 (58.1%) were males. The mean pre-test IPC training score was 4.968±1.329, while the mean post-test IPC training score was 5.323±1.077, (t=-1.611, p=0.118). All respondents identified that CPs had roles in the prevention of COVID-19. Among them, 27 (87.1%) identified community health awareness campaigns as their main role in the prevention of COVID-19. Regarding years of practice, 6 (35.3%) respondents with less than 20 years had COVID-19 IPC knowledge gain compared to 10 (71.4%) others with more than 20 and above years of practice (P=0.04). Conclusion: The training achieved its short-term objective. There is a need to for supervisory visits on the CPs at their place of practice to ensure knowledge acquired is put to the best use.
The African journal of information and communication, 2021
Problematic internet use (PIU) has generally been strongly associated with depression and attenti... more Problematic internet use (PIU) has generally been strongly associated with depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, especially among adolescents, with resulting consequences for their health. This study explores the pattern of internet use, and the prevalence of PIU before and during the COVID-19 lockdown, as well as the causes, effects, and potential mitigation measures in respect of PIU during the lockdown, among high school students in Ibadan, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire, including a 20-question internet addiction test (IAT), was administered during the COVID-19 lockdown to 440 adolescents enrolled in high schools. Of these adolescents, 7.7% appeared from their responses to have had PIU before the COVID-19 lockdown period. However, 64.3% of respondents appeared from their responses to have had PIU during the COVID-19 lockdown period. The main reasons for the increased PIU were boredom, loneliness, idleness, pleasure gained from internet use, physical isolation, and the need for information and communication. The effects of PIU reported among the adolescents included reduced family intimacy, poor academic performance, loss of concentration, as well as internet abuse and risky sexual behaviour. To mitigate PIU among high school students, parental monitoring of adolescents, and their internet access and use, should be promoted. In addition, programmes should be organised by the media and academic institutions to keep adolescents engaged in productive tasks. Keywords problematic internet use (PIU), internet addiction test (IAT), adolescents, high school students, COVID-19, lockdown, Ibadan, Nigeria The African Journal of Information and Communication (AJIC) 2 Ilesanmi, Afolabi and Adebayo Authors' contributions OSI, AAA, and AMA conceptualised the study; OSI and AAA analysed the data; AAA wrote the first draft of the article; OSI and AMA reviewed and provided input on the draft; and all authors approved the final draft.
Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria, 2015
INTRODUCTION The role of Medical Audit in patient care needs to beexplored. This study aimed to d... more INTRODUCTION The role of Medical Audit in patient care needs to beexplored. This study aimed to determine doctors' knowledge and practice of Medical Audit in a tertiary health facility in South West Nigeria. METHODS Across-sectional study of 115 consenting doctors at Federal Medical Centre Owo was conducted. A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was used. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics were presented using frequency tables and bar chart, age and year of practice were summarized as mean and standard deviation. Chi square-test was used to compare sociodemographic variables with doctor's knowledge of MedicalAudit. Level of statistical significant was 5%. RESULT The mean age of the respondents was 32.5 ± 5.8 years. Males were 78%, and 61.7% were married. The mean duration of practice was 3.3 ± 2.2 years. Adequate knowledge of Medical Audit was found in 79% of the respondents while only 53% had practiced it. Formal training on Medical Audit has not been received by 91.3% of the respondents, 80.9% requested for training on Medical Audit. In all, 88.0% who had ≥ 3-years of practice had adequate knowledge compared with only 72.3% of those who had less than three years of practice (p = 0.040). CONCLUSION Practice of MedicalAudit is low though adequate knowledge exist.Training of doctors on Medical Audit is required.
Case reports in clinical practice, Jun 14, 2022
The spread of Lassa Fever (LF) cases across international borders call for cross-board management... more The spread of Lassa Fever (LF) cases across international borders call for cross-board management and collaboration. This case report describes a laboratory-confirmed index case of LF in Kwara state, Nigeria. The case of LF in Kwara state was a 30-year-old woman who presented with a history of fever, headache, and abdominal pain and had been treated for malaria. On 13th February 2020, the Kwara State Ministry of Health was notified of a suspected case of LF. The case visited health facilities in Kwara state, Nigeria, and the Republic of Benin during her illness. Blood samples were obtained from her, and she was confirmed a positive LF case in the Republic of Benin. Although LF diagnosis is challenging, multisectoral collaboration and effective community engagement within the framework of the International Health Regulations is required to control the LF outbreak promptly.
Journal of interventional epidemiology and public health, Nov 15, 2022
Global biosecurity, Nov 2, 2022
Background: This study aimed to describe COVID-19 health literacy in urban and rural communities ... more Background: This study aimed to describe COVID-19 health literacy in urban and rural communities in Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to enrol adults from households in rural and urban communities in Akure, Southwest Nigeria. Nine questions were asked to determine respondents' health literacy, each arranged on a scale of '1' (very difficult) to '7' (very easy). We defined good health literacy as cumulative scores ≥50 points, and poor health literacy as scores <50 points. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were conducted on COVID-19 health literacy. Statistical significance levels were set at p <0.05. Results: The median age of the 691 respondents was 27 years (Range:18-80 years). Overall, 229 (45.8%) individuals had good COVID-19 health literacy. Among them, 143 (49.7%) individuals in urban communities had good COVID-19 health literacy (ᵡ 2 : 4.062, p = 0.044). Thirty-six (66.7%) adults aged >40 years in urban communities had good COVID-19 health literacy (ᵡ 2 : 8.995, p = 0.029), compared to 28 (56.0%) adults within the same age group in rural communities (ᵡ 2 : 8.387, p = 0.039). In urban communities, people >40 years had nearly two times the odds of having good COVID-19 health literacy compared to people aged ≤20 years (AOR: 1.640, 95% CI: 0.769-3.495, p = 0.200). In rural communities, people >40 years had nearly four times the odds of having good COVID-19 health literacy compared to people aged ≤20 years (AOR: 3.523, 95% CI: 1.420-8.742, p = 0.007). Conclusions: COVID-19 health education should be integrated into national health programs to address urban-rural differences in COVID-19 health literacy.
Hospital practices and research, Oct 30, 2021
an indicator of the quality of health service provision during the COVID-19 pandemic. 8 When infe... more an indicator of the quality of health service provision during the COVID-19 pandemic. 8 When infected, HCWs could become vectors for the onward transmission of COVID-19, thus placing other persons at risk for COVID-19. 9 The rate of COVID-19 transmission rates among HCWs has been estimated at 6% globally and 3% in Nigeria. 10,11 The likelihood of an increase in COVID-19 infection rate among HCWs stems primarily from the asymptomatic nature of COVID-19 among a large proportion of infected persons, thereby causing spread among peers unknowingly. 12 Furthermore, HCWs could also get infected with COVID-19 while providing care to COVID-19 positive patients. Two modes of COVID-19 care have been described, namely hospital-based care and home-based care (HBC). 13,14 COVID-19 HBC refers to the provision of care to positive COVID-19 cases in designated health facilities, such as infectious disease units of health facilities. 14,15 HBC in the COVID-19 context has been defined as any form of care provided to positive COVID-19 cases from the comfort Abstract Background: The health of healthcare workers (HCWs) is an indicator of the quality of health service provision during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the symptomatology and positivity of COVID-19 infection and the type of COVID-19 care received among HCWs in a North-Central State in Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective review of HCWs tested for COVID-19 as retrieved from the Surveillance Outbreak Response Management System between April 2020 and March 2021 in Kwara State, Nigeria. Results: Among the 1453 HCWs, 831 (57.2%) were above 35 years, and 874 (60.2%) were females. Among the 259 HCWs who tested positive for COVID-19, 122 (23.8%) lived in urban areas (χ 2 = 13.94, P ≤ 0.001). Also, 83 (30.7%) of symptomatic persons tested positive for COVID-19 (χ 2 = 37.766, P ≤ 0.001). Overall, 33 (12.7%) of the 259 positive HCWs received hospital-based COVID-19 care, and 33 (16.1%) who had less than 2 symptoms received hospital-based COVID-19 care (χ 2 = 9.962, P = 0.002). HCWs who had cough had three times odds of testing positive for COVID-19 (OR = 3.299, 95% CI = 1.571-6.927, P = 0.002). Also, HCWs who manifested loss of taste had three times odds of testing positive for COVID-19 (OR = 3.392, 95% CI = 1.010-11.393, P = 0.048). Conclusion: COVID-19 testing should be encouraged among HCWs, especially those with cough symptoms and loss of taste.
International journal of noncommunicable diseases, 2021
Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCD) increase COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Objective: ... more Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCD) increase COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Objective: This study aimed to describe the interrelationship between NCD, COVID-19, and sociodemographic index (SDI) in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Methods: We extracted data from the global burden of disease (GBD) estimates. The GBD was used to estimate variations in epidemiologic data sources, model predictions, and 95% corresponding uncertainty intervals (UIs) for disability-adjusted life years (DALY). COVID-19 data were extracted and collated from web-based repositories as of December 18, 2020. We assessed the strength of association between the number of COVID-19 cases per thousand population, COVID-19 deaths, case-fatality rate, SDI, and DALY due to NCD using Pearson's correlation test. The level of statistical significance was P < 0.01. Results: Ghana's SDI of 0.56 and DALY% (95% UI) due to NCD of 40.66 (36.05–44.98) was the highest. Ghana had 177 COVID-19 cases/100,000 population while Niger has 11 cases/100,000 population as of December 18, 2020. Niger's SDI of 0.16 and DALY% (95% UI) due to NCD of 21.22 (16.72–25.6) were the minimum. We found a strong positive correlation between COVID-19 cases per thousand population and DALY due to NCD (r = 0.870, P<0.001, n = 15) and a strong positive correlation between SDI and DALY due to NCD (r = 0.647, P = 0.009, n = 15). Conclusion: Countries with higher SDI and DALY due to NCD experienced higher COVID-19 cases. NCD prevention and control should be promoted to reduce COVID-19–related mortality and morbidity in the ECOWAS.
The Pan African medical journal, 2021
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has resulted in many cases of morbidity ... more The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has resulted in many cases of morbidity and mortality across the globe, and the lack of the COVID-19 vaccine has contributed greatly to this experience. COVID-19 vaccines have currently been rolled out, and are available in some countries. However, strategies need to be put in place to prevent COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (VH) especially in Africa; a continent where VH has been previously reported following the introduction of new vaccines. For this cause, we, therefore, recommend optimal community involvement in the structure and modalities for the delivery of the prospective
Disaster and Emergency Medicine Journal, Feb 22, 2023
INTRODUCTION: Lassa fever (LF) affects all body systems, however, inadequate knowledge exists on ... more INTRODUCTION: Lassa fever (LF) affects all body systems, however, inadequate knowledge exists on the involvement of the pulmonary system in LF infections. This scoping review, therefore, aimed to describe the pulmonary involvement of LF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted an extensive search of the literature on two databases, namely PubMed and Google Scholar. Overall, 5,217 articles were retrieved from a database search, out of which 107 duplicates were removed. Overall, 12 articles were included: four review articles, three case reports, three experimental inoculation studies, one retrospective study, and a prospective case-control study. RESULTS: Symptoms experienced included fever, pharyngitis, retrosternal pain, respiratory distress, and proteinuria. Complications included unique pulmonary arteritis, pulmonary embolization, mucosal bleeding, pleural or pericardial effusion, pulmonary edema, and interstitial pneumonitis. Consequences of the effect of Lassa virus infection were impairment of the immune system alongside continual replication of Lassa virus infection in affected tissues and death of affected individuals. LF has varied but serious effects on the pulmonary system. CONCLUSIONS: These symptoms, particularly in areas where LF is known to be endemic, should prompt clinicians to request LF polymerase chain reaction for confirmatory diagnosis. These features should promote the provision of respiratory support for patients in need of such.
HIV and AIDS Review, 2021
Introduction: In Nigeria, non-adherence to treatment or its interruption endanger successful huma... more Introduction: In Nigeria, non-adherence to treatment or its interruption endanger successful human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) control. This study identified the causes and prevention of defaulting from antiretroviral therapy (ART) among adults on ART at Federal Medical Centre,
Global biosecurity, Nov 26, 2020
The lockdown measure in Nigeria has been effective in reducing COVID-19 transmission, with the cl... more The lockdown measure in Nigeria has been effective in reducing COVID-19 transmission, with the closure of schools, restricted movements, and recommended homestays. In spite of these benefits, the COVID-19 lockdown has resulted in varying levels of distress among individuals. This letter-to-the-editor aimed to describe the prevalence of domestic violence amid the COVID-19 outbreak, as well as strategies for reducing its effects. The social, economic, and financial distress experienced during the COVID-19 lockdown period between March and July, 2020 has increased the prevalence of domestic violence. The financial difficulty associated with the lockdown has been known to precipitate stress and frustration, and subsequent negative coping mechanisms such as substance abuse and depression; all of which are baseline triggers for domestic violence. Domestic violence could result in impaired mental health states and internet addiction among vulnerable population groups especially women and adolescents. To abate these and other untold consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown, we recommend that support systems, such as counselling and psychotherapy sessions, should be instituted for victims of violence, while legislation are implemented for justice to be served to the perpetrators of violence. Also, social safety nets such as food and cash supply should be provided to low-income members of the population to overcome the economic burden which may culminate in violence amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Pan African medical journal, 2021
Introduction: more cases of COVID-19 continue to be reported in Nigeria. The level of knowledge c... more Introduction: more cases of COVID-19 continue to be reported in Nigeria. The level of knowledge could prompt individuals to take precautionary measures and reduce the spread. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of community members in Ibadan on COVID-19. Methods: using a descriptive crosssectional study design, an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from adult community members. Multistage sampling methods were used to select respondents from four local government areas (LGAs). Knowledge scores of causes, mode of spread, signs and symptoms and preventive measures were computed. Scores above the mean were categorized as satisfactory. Bivariate chi-Article Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi et al. PAMJ-39(17). 06 May 2021.-Page numbers not for citation purposes. 2 square tests and binary logistic regression were performed on respondents' characteristics and knowledge of COVID-19. Results: respondents interviewed were 480 with a median age of 32 years (range: 18-80 years), and 191 (39.8%) aged between 25 and 34 years. Females were 275 (57.3%), 18 (3.8%) had never heard of COVID-19. The main source of information was radio 88.1% and television 54.3%. In all the knowledge domains 200 (43.3%) had satisfactory knowledge of COVID-19. Respondents in Ibadan NorthWest LGA had five times odds [OR=5.23 (95%CI=2.87-9.54)] of having satisfactory knowledge of COVID-19 while respondents in Ibadan NorthEast LGA had three times odds [OR=3.35 (95%CI=1.85-6.09)] compared to those in Ibadan South East LGA. Conclusion: an even dissemination strategy of COVID-19 information across the communities is required. More sensitization and health education sessions should be broadcast on the radio and television. Regular COVID-19 broadcast is required to improve the knowledge level of community members.
Journal of ideas in health, Nov 24, 2020
Background: The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has disrupted health systems globally and locally.... more Background: The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has disrupted health systems globally and locally. The increasing number of COVID-19 positives has overwhelmed healthcare facilities and health workers. Home-based care (HBC) is a new norm in the management of COVID-19 positives. We aimed to give insight into the HBC of COVID-19 positives in Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a descriptive review of the existing literature and summarized the authors' opinions regarding HBC in Nigeria. Results: HBC has increasingly gained recognition for the management of COVID-19 positives. The HBC of COVID-19 positives provides the opportunity for patient management under an atmosphere of emotional, physical, and spiritual fulfillment as required for quick recovery. Guidelines have been developed for HBC of COVID-19 positives; however, negligence to these measures has been noted. Conclusion: To ensure compliance and harness HBC's benefits, community leaders, religious organizations, civilbased organizations, and opinion leaders should be actively involved in HBC activities. Also, enforcement authorities such as the Civil Defence Corps could help to improve adherence to HBC restrictions.
Health promotion perspectives, Dec 19, 2021
The acceptance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine has been described as a gateway... more The acceptance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine has been described as a gateway to attaining herd immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The critical role of community participation (CP) has been successfully demonstrated in previous vaccination programs globally. This perspective therefore aimed to describe how CP could be used to promote COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. To promote COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, it is required that a mapping of community assets, resources, civil-based organizations, and stakeholders is done to gain insight into the community culture and value in relation to COVID-19 vaccine. This will help to address the misconceptions while prompting COVID-19 vaccination sensitization activities that are relevant to each community. It is required that policy makers understand that the adoption of a comprehensive grassroots approach lends a voice to the community and helps to utilize community-initiated and community-driven ideas on promoting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.
South African Respiratory Journal, 2015
Background. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with increased morbidity and m... more Background. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, there are few studies from Nigeria that have evaluated the prevalence of OSAS in medical outpatient clinics. Objective. To determine the degree of the risk of OSAS among patients attending the medical outpatient clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Owo, SouthWest Nigeria. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 208 medical outpatients using the Berlin questionnaire and the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Results. The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 53.8 (16.5) years, 110 (52.9%) were female, and 73.1% of participants had a high likelihood of sleep-disordered breathing (HSDB). Subjects with a high body mass index (BMI) were more likely to have sleep-disordered breathing when compared with those with a normal BMI (26 (96.3%) v. 7 (29.2%), p<0.001). The respondents with multiple primary morbidities were about 24 times more likely to have HSDB compared with respondents with a single morbidity (p=0.009). The odds of having HSDB was 16 times greater in those with hypertension compared with patients with asthma (odds ratio 16, 95% confidence interval 3-83, p=0.001). The Berlin questionnaire and the ESS were useful screening tools in the Nigerian setting. Conclusion. In resource-poor settings in Africa, where there is an emphasis on screening and treating diseases of poverty, patients with medical conditions such as high BMI and hypertension should be screened for OSAS.
Journal of ideas in health, Sep 27, 2020
Background: The declaration of COVID-19 as a public health emergency by the World Health Organiza... more Background: The declaration of COVID-19 as a public health emergency by the World Health Organization necessitated countries across the globe to implement response and mitigation measures. We aimed to assess the Nigerian government's response following six months of detection of COVID-19 in Nigeria. Methods: A narrative review of existing literature on the topic was done. The authors' opinion as experts supporting the COVID-19 pandemic response was included. The review and opinion were summarized, covering six months of the outbreak response in Nigeria. Results: Contact tracing commenced after identifying the index case of COVID-19 in Nigeria but has been faced with challenges such as inadequate equipment and shortage of funds. School closure was implemented barely three weeks after detecting the index case, but the resumption of terminal classes has been announced recently. The Nigerian government implemented restrictions on gatherings involving up to 11 people after three weeks following the detection of the index case of COVID-19. The lack of enforcement and supervision of gatherings and public events made many individuals disregard the restriction measures. Lockdowns on religious gatherings and public events have been recently eased nationwide, and regulatory measures have been put in place. The Nigerian government implemented bans on international travel from all countries, especially high-risk countries. However, the existence of porous borders limited success, which could have been obtained from the travel ban. Conclusion: COVID-19 mitigation measures should be implemented and reinforced as required nationwide and get provided the needed support.
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Papers by Olayinka Ilesanmi