The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted all facets of human relations on a magnitude not witnessed in... more The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted all facets of human relations on a magnitude not witnessed in the post-World War II era. Due to the interdependence of countries in the international system, it is not surprising that the unfolding public health crisis has had significant ramifications for the functioning of the global economy as well. In responding to this global health crisis, and the associated fallouts, the academic community has a crucial role to play in finding solutions to the hydra-headed problems we all face. Driven by this sense of urgency and responsibility, AfronomicsLaw put out a call for contributions in April 2020 for a symposium issue focusing on COVID-19 and International Economic Law in the Global South. This Symposium will last for a full four weeks. This paper provides a broad summary of the 37 insightful essays accepted for the symposium issue. The essays have been grouped into four major themes: (1) International Trade and International Investment Law and Pol...
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version.Following an unp... more The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version.Following an unprecedented ruling by an English High Court on an application in the Nigeria v. Process & Industrial Developments Limited (P&ID) case granting Nigeria an extension in time to bring challenges under sections 67 and 68(2)(g) of the English Arbitration Act 1996 (“the 1996 Act”), this article reflects on the implication of the public policy elements of fraud relied on by Nigeria. The article interrogates the reasoning behind the Court’s decision, especially the allegations of fraud in the procurement of the underlying contract - a Gas Supply and Processing Agreement (‘GSPA’). The article also explores some economic justice themes arising from Nigeria’s reliance on fraud as a basis for challenging the arbitration award. Drawing on a recent decision of the Mozambique Constitutional Council over illegally procured commercial loans, the article argues that there are parallels and opportunities fo...
This report forms part of the ongoing City reports on International Project commissioned by the I... more This report forms part of the ongoing City reports on International Project commissioned by the International Law Associations' Study Group on Cities in International Law. The focus of this report is on Lagos, Nigeria. To fully appreciate the scope and nature of Lagos' interactions with international law, the analysis in this report takes into consideration the history, multi-dimensional character and identity of Lagos. From the perspective of international legal history, the report looks at the historical context of Lagos's interaction with international law, especially during the era of the transatlantic slave trade. The report also considers the Legal, socio-economic and political contexts of Lagos' interaction with international law.
Conventionally, the conduct of foreign relations (including international economic relations) by ... more Conventionally, the conduct of foreign relations (including international economic relations) by nation-states has been the exclusive preserve of the central tier of government (i.e. ‘central exclusivity’ in foreign relations). However, the peculiarities of federal systems have posed a serious challenge to this conventional position. This is because federalism is based on principles which require shared powers between multiple levels of government. As such, Sub-Federal Governments (SFGs) have been known to affect the operation of international norms in federal systems. Furthermore, the international system is constantly evolving due to geopolitical changes, most notably globalisation. These changes in the international system have facilitated an increased participation of SFGs in international relations and as a consequence brought into question the continued relevance of conventional norms pertaining to foreign relations in international law. With regards to Nigeria, and in the spe...
Growth development theorists such as Rowstow have averred that third world countries (TWCs) need ... more Growth development theorists such as Rowstow have averred that third world countries (TWCs) need foreign Aid to stimulate development and move them into the 'take-off stage' which is characterised by growth and development. However, after decades of aid inflow into TWCs, the majority of TWCs are still struggling to achieve their development objectives. Therefore, it is doubtful if aids alone can jumpstart development in TWCs. This reality has given rise to a plethora of alternate propositions aimed at realising the development objectives of TWCs. The central argument of this paper is that Aid alone cannot improve the status of TWCs. It is further argued in the paper that Aid needs to be complemented by stimulants (initiated within TWCs) such as Remittance, Taxation, and Public-Private Partnership (PPP) to solve their economic development problems. To this end, it is suggested that an approach which combines indigenous options with Aid will significantly advance the development objectives of TWCs.
South African Journal of International Affairs, 2018
We analyze models of electroweak symmetry breaking in warped 5dimensional space with gauge bosons... more We analyze models of electroweak symmetry breaking in warped 5dimensional space with gauge bosons and fermions in the bulk. The Higgs boson is identified with the 5th component of a gauge field. We dynamically generate the Higgs potential using a competition between the top quark multiplet and another fermion multiplet to create a little hierarchy characterized by a small parameter s = v/f. Using a Green's function method, we compute the properties of the model systematically as a power series in s. We discuss the constraints on this model from the measured value of the Higgs mass, the masses of top quark partners, and precision electroweak observables.
This is the introduction to the Manchester Journal of International Economic Law Symposium Issue ... more This is the introduction to the Manchester Journal of International Economic Law Symposium Issue based on selected papers presented at the Fourth Biennial Conference of the African International Economic Law Network at Strathmore Law School, Nairobi, Kenya in July 2019. The introduction also reflects on four important spaces for the consolidation of the scholarship, teaching and research, practice and policy relating to international economic law in Africa.
At present, sub-national actors enjoy varied degrees of acceptance within the various frameworks ... more At present, sub-national actors enjoy varied degrees of acceptance within the various frameworks for international trade interactions of their home states. This is mainly due to the reality that there is a growing intersection between sub-national, national and international policy arenas, making the policy space increasingly difficult to delineate neatly. More so, with international norms still opposed to the participation of sub-national actors in the international scene, most of the actions taken by these actors are classified as ‘wholly domestic policies’, which their central governments are mandated to ensure are in conformity with international obligations. This has made the mapping and understanding of sub-national foreign engagement difficult to conceptualise in a coherent manner. Focusing on Belgium and Canada, this paper seeks to ascertain: whether there are any coherent themes deducible in the way we conceptualise emerging patterns of engagement by sub-national actors in ...
European Yearbook of International Law, Special Issue: New Voices and New Perspectives in International Economic Law, 2020
The proliferation of investment treaty practice and international investment arbitration has led ... more The proliferation of investment treaty practice and international investment arbitration has led to a boom in the academic literature dissecting various aspects of the evolving rules on investment protection. With the exception of some notable contributions, however, there have been relatively limited efforts to analyse international investment law empirically, and in particular from the perspective of developing countries. This paper aims to fill this gap by offering some insights into the currently under-explored issue of how international investment law influences host-state behaviour. More specifically, the aim of this study is to test a number of claims about the transformative impact of international investment law on national governance in developing states. The analysis is carried out through a small-scale empirical case-study which focuses on how responses and reactions investment treaty law has elicited among government officials in host states that have experienced investment arbitration in a respondent capacity.
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted all facets of human relations on a magnitude not witnessed in... more The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted all facets of human relations on a magnitude not witnessed in the post-World War II era. Due to the interdependence of countries in the international system, it is not surprising that the unfolding public health crisis has had significant ramifications for the functioning of the global economy as well. In responding to this global health crisis, and the associated fallouts, the academic community has a crucial role to play in finding solutions to the hydra-headed problems we all face. Driven by this sense of urgency and responsibility, AfronomicsLaw put out a call for contributions in April 2020 for a symposium issue focusing on COVID-19 and International Economic Law in the Global South. This Symposium will last for a full four weeks. This paper provides a broad summary of the 37 insightful essays accepted for the symposium issue. The essays have been grouped into four major themes: (1) International Trade and International Investment Law and Pol...
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version.Following an unp... more The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version.Following an unprecedented ruling by an English High Court on an application in the Nigeria v. Process & Industrial Developments Limited (P&ID) case granting Nigeria an extension in time to bring challenges under sections 67 and 68(2)(g) of the English Arbitration Act 1996 (“the 1996 Act”), this article reflects on the implication of the public policy elements of fraud relied on by Nigeria. The article interrogates the reasoning behind the Court’s decision, especially the allegations of fraud in the procurement of the underlying contract - a Gas Supply and Processing Agreement (‘GSPA’). The article also explores some economic justice themes arising from Nigeria’s reliance on fraud as a basis for challenging the arbitration award. Drawing on a recent decision of the Mozambique Constitutional Council over illegally procured commercial loans, the article argues that there are parallels and opportunities fo...
This report forms part of the ongoing City reports on International Project commissioned by the I... more This report forms part of the ongoing City reports on International Project commissioned by the International Law Associations' Study Group on Cities in International Law. The focus of this report is on Lagos, Nigeria. To fully appreciate the scope and nature of Lagos' interactions with international law, the analysis in this report takes into consideration the history, multi-dimensional character and identity of Lagos. From the perspective of international legal history, the report looks at the historical context of Lagos's interaction with international law, especially during the era of the transatlantic slave trade. The report also considers the Legal, socio-economic and political contexts of Lagos' interaction with international law.
Conventionally, the conduct of foreign relations (including international economic relations) by ... more Conventionally, the conduct of foreign relations (including international economic relations) by nation-states has been the exclusive preserve of the central tier of government (i.e. ‘central exclusivity’ in foreign relations). However, the peculiarities of federal systems have posed a serious challenge to this conventional position. This is because federalism is based on principles which require shared powers between multiple levels of government. As such, Sub-Federal Governments (SFGs) have been known to affect the operation of international norms in federal systems. Furthermore, the international system is constantly evolving due to geopolitical changes, most notably globalisation. These changes in the international system have facilitated an increased participation of SFGs in international relations and as a consequence brought into question the continued relevance of conventional norms pertaining to foreign relations in international law. With regards to Nigeria, and in the spe...
Growth development theorists such as Rowstow have averred that third world countries (TWCs) need ... more Growth development theorists such as Rowstow have averred that third world countries (TWCs) need foreign Aid to stimulate development and move them into the 'take-off stage' which is characterised by growth and development. However, after decades of aid inflow into TWCs, the majority of TWCs are still struggling to achieve their development objectives. Therefore, it is doubtful if aids alone can jumpstart development in TWCs. This reality has given rise to a plethora of alternate propositions aimed at realising the development objectives of TWCs. The central argument of this paper is that Aid alone cannot improve the status of TWCs. It is further argued in the paper that Aid needs to be complemented by stimulants (initiated within TWCs) such as Remittance, Taxation, and Public-Private Partnership (PPP) to solve their economic development problems. To this end, it is suggested that an approach which combines indigenous options with Aid will significantly advance the development objectives of TWCs.
South African Journal of International Affairs, 2018
We analyze models of electroweak symmetry breaking in warped 5dimensional space with gauge bosons... more We analyze models of electroweak symmetry breaking in warped 5dimensional space with gauge bosons and fermions in the bulk. The Higgs boson is identified with the 5th component of a gauge field. We dynamically generate the Higgs potential using a competition between the top quark multiplet and another fermion multiplet to create a little hierarchy characterized by a small parameter s = v/f. Using a Green's function method, we compute the properties of the model systematically as a power series in s. We discuss the constraints on this model from the measured value of the Higgs mass, the masses of top quark partners, and precision electroweak observables.
This is the introduction to the Manchester Journal of International Economic Law Symposium Issue ... more This is the introduction to the Manchester Journal of International Economic Law Symposium Issue based on selected papers presented at the Fourth Biennial Conference of the African International Economic Law Network at Strathmore Law School, Nairobi, Kenya in July 2019. The introduction also reflects on four important spaces for the consolidation of the scholarship, teaching and research, practice and policy relating to international economic law in Africa.
At present, sub-national actors enjoy varied degrees of acceptance within the various frameworks ... more At present, sub-national actors enjoy varied degrees of acceptance within the various frameworks for international trade interactions of their home states. This is mainly due to the reality that there is a growing intersection between sub-national, national and international policy arenas, making the policy space increasingly difficult to delineate neatly. More so, with international norms still opposed to the participation of sub-national actors in the international scene, most of the actions taken by these actors are classified as ‘wholly domestic policies’, which their central governments are mandated to ensure are in conformity with international obligations. This has made the mapping and understanding of sub-national foreign engagement difficult to conceptualise in a coherent manner. Focusing on Belgium and Canada, this paper seeks to ascertain: whether there are any coherent themes deducible in the way we conceptualise emerging patterns of engagement by sub-national actors in ...
European Yearbook of International Law, Special Issue: New Voices and New Perspectives in International Economic Law, 2020
The proliferation of investment treaty practice and international investment arbitration has led ... more The proliferation of investment treaty practice and international investment arbitration has led to a boom in the academic literature dissecting various aspects of the evolving rules on investment protection. With the exception of some notable contributions, however, there have been relatively limited efforts to analyse international investment law empirically, and in particular from the perspective of developing countries. This paper aims to fill this gap by offering some insights into the currently under-explored issue of how international investment law influences host-state behaviour. More specifically, the aim of this study is to test a number of claims about the transformative impact of international investment law on national governance in developing states. The analysis is carried out through a small-scale empirical case-study which focuses on how responses and reactions investment treaty law has elicited among government officials in host states that have experienced investment arbitration in a respondent capacity.
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developing countries. This paper aims to fill this gap by offering some insights into the currently under-explored issue of how international investment law influences host-state behaviour. More specifically, the aim of this study is to test a number of claims about the transformative impact of international investment law on national governance in developing states. The analysis is carried out through a small-scale empirical case-study which focuses on how responses and reactions investment treaty law has elicited among government officials in host states that have experienced investment arbitration in a respondent capacity.
developing countries. This paper aims to fill this gap by offering some insights into the currently under-explored issue of how international investment law influences host-state behaviour. More specifically, the aim of this study is to test a number of claims about the transformative impact of international investment law on national governance in developing states. The analysis is carried out through a small-scale empirical case-study which focuses on how responses and reactions investment treaty law has elicited among government officials in host states that have experienced investment arbitration in a respondent capacity.