This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This study explores the effects of stress and housing conditions on the healing of cutaneous woun... more This study explores the effects of stress and housing conditions on the healing of cutaneous wounds and its relationship with circulating levels of corticosterone. Specifically, we set out to examine the effect of combined physical (restraint stress and ultrasound) and psychological (predator scent) stressors on the cutaneous wound healing of female mice that had been housed either in groups (with social support; n= 16) or individually (without social support; n= 16). In contrast with other studies, the model of multiple ethological mild stressors utilized in this study significantly increased the levels of corticosterone, but failed to dramatically alter the healing of skin wounds. However, the results of this study provide evidence of the importance of housing conditions, suggesting that positive social interactions in females accelerate the rate of wound healing, and reduce levels of anxiety and circulating corticosterone. The level of anxiety, as well as the basal levels of corticosterone, proved to be valid predictors of the healing rates during different stages of cutaneous wound healing.
PURPOSE Despite the fact that the prevalence of anxiety and depression in breast cancer survivors... more PURPOSE Despite the fact that the prevalence of anxiety and depression in breast cancer survivors is higher than in the general female population, the psychobiological substrate of this phenomenon has yet to be elucidated. We aimed to examine the predictive role of peripheral dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5-HT) and kynurenine (KYN) in anxiety and depression among breast cancer survivors. METHOD We evaluated 107 women using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and monoamine levels were analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS High KYN levels predicted both disorders, while low NA and DA predicted anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. A negative conditional effect of 5-HT was found for anxiety and depression among younger women only, while being both middle-aged and younger influenced the negative conditional effect of DA on depression. CONCLUSION Monoamine variations may render breast cancer survivors more vulnerable to anxiety and depression, with young women being especially vulnerable to the detrimental effect of low DA and 5-HT. Assessing subclinical psychobiological markers allows mental health nurses to identify vulnerable survivors prior to the onset of anxiety and depression, and to adjust nursing interventions accordingly.
Through the proinflammatory cytokines secreted in response to inflammation or injury, the immune ... more Through the proinflammatory cytokines secreted in response to inflammation or injury, the immune system produces physiological and behavioral alterations. This study analyzes the effects on behavior, mononuclear proliferative response and central monoamine activity in response to the inoculation of tumor cells in mice submitted to social stress. Two groups of male OF1 mice were used, one of which was inoculated with B16 melanoma cells. Both groups were subdivided into two new groups, with one being submitted to social stress through sensory contact model with a selected aggressive subject, and the other being handled without social interaction. Subjects were exposed to social stress for a 24-h period, with three 5 min intervals of direct physical interaction, where the behavior was recorded and assessed. One hour after the stress and/or handling, they were put down and samples taken for physiological assessment. Significant behavioral changes were found in subjects with implanted tumors, mainly characterized by an increase in avoidance behavior and a decrease in immobility, defense-submission and non-social exploration behavior, coupled with an increase in the spleen mononuclear cell proliferative response. Similarly, an increase was observed in the density of dopamine 2 (D 2)-receptors in the striatum (SRT) and an increase in dopaminergic (DOPAC/DA) and serotonergic (5HIAA/5HT) turnover in the hypothalamus. The increase in the density of D 2-receptors in the SRT coincides with the decrease in some behaviors with a predominant motor component. The results indicate significant changes in the defensive strategy used to cope with situations of intense social stress in mice bearing tumors.
OBJECTIVE To examine the extent to which anxiety and depressive symptoms, self-esteem and proinfl... more OBJECTIVE To examine the extent to which anxiety and depressive symptoms, self-esteem and proinflammatory cytokines interact to significantly predict quality of life in breast cancer survivors. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from 134 breast cancer survivors. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Quality of Life in Adult Cancer Survivors questionnaire, which includes the generic quality of life (QOL) and the quality of life related to cancer (QOLRC) subscales, were administered. Plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured using ELISA kits. Moderation analyses were performed to study the influence of psychobiological variables on quality of life. RESULTS Anxiety and depressive symptoms, TNF-α predicted QOL scores, and both medium and high levels of TNF-α influenced the negative conditional effect of depressive symptoms on QOL. Anxiety symptoms and TNF-α was associated with QOLRC scores, and lower self-esteem predicted poorer QOLRC when women had high levels of TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the booster effect of TNF-α for poorer quality of life in breast cancer survivors, both alone and in combination with depressive symptoms or low self-esteem. The study provides a framework for assessing subclinical markers, identifying vulnerable survivors and implementing psychological strategies to improve quality of life.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
The aim of this piece of research was to study the existence of clusters based on anger, empathy ... more The aim of this piece of research was to study the existence of clusters based on anger, empathy and cortisol and testosterone measures associated with aggressive behavior in school-aged children. The sample group comprised 139 eight-year-old children (80 boys and 59 girls). Aggressive behavior was measured using the Direct and Indirect Aggression Scale. Both psychological and biological variables were used to determine psychobiological profiles. The psychological variables considered were trait anger, measured using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory for Children and Adolescents, and empathy, measured using the Empathy Quotient-Child Version. Testosterone and cortisol concentrations were measured through saliva samples and analyzed using an ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). A Cluster Analysis revealed three clusters which were clearly different as regards their psychological and biological characteristics. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the cluster characterized by having higher anger levels, lower empathy levels and higher testosterone and cortisol levels was more aggressive than the other two (p < .0001, η 2 = .19). The results indicate that studying psychological and biological variables together may help establish differentiated aggression patterns among children.
through its eects on neuroimmune function. Few studies have examined the eects of acute stressors... more through its eects on neuroimmune function. Few studies have examined the eects of acute stressors on cellular adhesion molecule responses among depressed and non-depressed HF patients. Twenty-seven optimally treated HF patients (NYHA Class II–IV) (mean age 62 years) completed a 15–17 min moderate exercise challenge. Depressed mood was characterized by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Patients scoring above the BDI clinical cutpoint of 10 were considered to have depressed mood. Blood was drawn prior to and 0, 10 and 30 min post-exercise. Circulating sICAM-1 and sP-selectin levels were determined (ELISA). Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANCOVA. Controlling for age, gender and BMI, exercise led to dierent responses in non-depressed versus depressed patients. In nondepressed patients, an increase in sICAM-1 (p < 0.05) was followed by a return to baseline levels at 30 min post-exercise. In depressed patients, exercise led to a decrease in sICAM-1 levels (p < .05). Exercise led to a decrease in sP-selectin levels in non-depressed patients (p < 0.01) but no change in depressed patients. Borg’s ratings of perceived exertion were not dierent between the groups. The findings indicate that depressed and non-depressed HF patients mount dierent inflammatory responses to acute exercise stress. In depressed patients, the response to an acute exercise stress may be linked to dysfunction of neuroimmune activation. Also in depressed HF patients, decreased serotonin levels may be aecting platelet sP-selectin responses. Future studies should examine depression’s eects on serotonin levels in HF as they relate to neuroimmune activation.
Acute stress is a physiological response of an organism to adverse conditions, contributing to su... more Acute stress is a physiological response of an organism to adverse conditions, contributing to survival; however, persistence through time may lead to disease. Indeed, exacerbation of inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis has been reported to follow stressors in susceptible
Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, May 1, 2007
Background Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is associated with a characteristic behavioural phenotype... more Background Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is associated with a characteristic behavioural phenotype whose main features are, alongside compulsive hyperphagia, deficits in social behaviour: social withdrawal, temper tantrums, perseverative speech and behaviour, mental rigidity, stereotyped behaviour, impulsiveness, etc. Similar symptoms may also be found in autistic spectrum disorders and lesional pathologies of the frontal lobe. In both cases, such symptoms have been related to dysfunctions in frontal cognitive processes such as attention, working memory and executive functions. This study uses standardized neuropsychological instruments to analyse the degree to which these processes are affected in PWS.Methods The sample comprised 16 individuals with a genetically confirmed PWS diagnosis. Subjects’ IQ (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale), academic level, laterality and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Attention, memory and executive functions were analysed using standard, widely employed neuropsychological tests. We compared the results of the sample group with the general population. Correlation analyses were carried out with IQ, academic level and BMI.Results In all the neuropsychological measures focusing on attention, executive functions and visuoperceptual organization, the study sample scored significantly lower than the normative reference population. The scores of the tests used for measuring immediate memory were also significantly lower when trials required sequential processing, although not when they required simultaneous processing. In the memorization of a list of words, subjects showed an initial deficit which disappeared with repetition, enabling them to obtain scores similar to the reference population. No significant correlations were found with BMI, and a higher IQ or academic level did not improve scores in the majority of tests.Conclusions The study shows a deficit in elementary frontal cognitive processes in PWS patients. This deficit may be involved in the social behaviour disorders that characterize such patients, as described in other development or frontal syndrome pathologies. However, we cannot affirm that the deficits found are specific to PWS; they could also occur in other causes of intellectual disability. Although in the study sample IQ did not correlate with frontal deficits, further research is needed to establish whether the neuropsychological alterations described form part of a cognitive phenotype for PWS. We believe that our understanding of the social behaviours typical of PWS may be improved by taking into consideration the cognitive functioning models of the prefrontal lobe, particularly those applied to pervasive developmental disorders.
Background: In Spain, the perceived professional quality of life among veterinarians has not been... more Background: In Spain, the perceived professional quality of life among veterinarians has not been explored. Methods: Veterinarians were invited to complete an online questionnaire in which they answered the Professional Quality of Life scale, the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Participants were asked whether they were receiving psychological therapy or were taking anxiolytics, hypnotics or antidepressant medication. Alcohol consumption was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerström test; participants were asked whether they took illegal drugs. Results: The study sample comprised a total of 602 veterinarians, most of whom reported average levels of compassion satisfaction, secondary stress trauma and burnout. Emotional support and mental wellbeing influenced participants' professional quality of life. The percentage of veterinarians in psychological therapy and/or taking anxiolytics was higher than in the general population. Conclusions: A considerable number of clinical veterinarians in Spain may be suffering from work-related stress. Our study identifies salary, emotional support and mental wellbeing as important factors that affect the professional quality of life. Interventions to improve veterinary clinicians' professional quality of life should therefore focus on these factors. Patricia Macía and Olatz Goñi-Balentziaga contributed equally to this work. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This study explores the effects of stress and housing conditions on the healing of cutaneous woun... more This study explores the effects of stress and housing conditions on the healing of cutaneous wounds and its relationship with circulating levels of corticosterone. Specifically, we set out to examine the effect of combined physical (restraint stress and ultrasound) and psychological (predator scent) stressors on the cutaneous wound healing of female mice that had been housed either in groups (with social support; n= 16) or individually (without social support; n= 16). In contrast with other studies, the model of multiple ethological mild stressors utilized in this study significantly increased the levels of corticosterone, but failed to dramatically alter the healing of skin wounds. However, the results of this study provide evidence of the importance of housing conditions, suggesting that positive social interactions in females accelerate the rate of wound healing, and reduce levels of anxiety and circulating corticosterone. The level of anxiety, as well as the basal levels of corticosterone, proved to be valid predictors of the healing rates during different stages of cutaneous wound healing.
PURPOSE Despite the fact that the prevalence of anxiety and depression in breast cancer survivors... more PURPOSE Despite the fact that the prevalence of anxiety and depression in breast cancer survivors is higher than in the general female population, the psychobiological substrate of this phenomenon has yet to be elucidated. We aimed to examine the predictive role of peripheral dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5-HT) and kynurenine (KYN) in anxiety and depression among breast cancer survivors. METHOD We evaluated 107 women using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and monoamine levels were analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS High KYN levels predicted both disorders, while low NA and DA predicted anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. A negative conditional effect of 5-HT was found for anxiety and depression among younger women only, while being both middle-aged and younger influenced the negative conditional effect of DA on depression. CONCLUSION Monoamine variations may render breast cancer survivors more vulnerable to anxiety and depression, with young women being especially vulnerable to the detrimental effect of low DA and 5-HT. Assessing subclinical psychobiological markers allows mental health nurses to identify vulnerable survivors prior to the onset of anxiety and depression, and to adjust nursing interventions accordingly.
Through the proinflammatory cytokines secreted in response to inflammation or injury, the immune ... more Through the proinflammatory cytokines secreted in response to inflammation or injury, the immune system produces physiological and behavioral alterations. This study analyzes the effects on behavior, mononuclear proliferative response and central monoamine activity in response to the inoculation of tumor cells in mice submitted to social stress. Two groups of male OF1 mice were used, one of which was inoculated with B16 melanoma cells. Both groups were subdivided into two new groups, with one being submitted to social stress through sensory contact model with a selected aggressive subject, and the other being handled without social interaction. Subjects were exposed to social stress for a 24-h period, with three 5 min intervals of direct physical interaction, where the behavior was recorded and assessed. One hour after the stress and/or handling, they were put down and samples taken for physiological assessment. Significant behavioral changes were found in subjects with implanted tumors, mainly characterized by an increase in avoidance behavior and a decrease in immobility, defense-submission and non-social exploration behavior, coupled with an increase in the spleen mononuclear cell proliferative response. Similarly, an increase was observed in the density of dopamine 2 (D 2)-receptors in the striatum (SRT) and an increase in dopaminergic (DOPAC/DA) and serotonergic (5HIAA/5HT) turnover in the hypothalamus. The increase in the density of D 2-receptors in the SRT coincides with the decrease in some behaviors with a predominant motor component. The results indicate significant changes in the defensive strategy used to cope with situations of intense social stress in mice bearing tumors.
OBJECTIVE To examine the extent to which anxiety and depressive symptoms, self-esteem and proinfl... more OBJECTIVE To examine the extent to which anxiety and depressive symptoms, self-esteem and proinflammatory cytokines interact to significantly predict quality of life in breast cancer survivors. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from 134 breast cancer survivors. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Quality of Life in Adult Cancer Survivors questionnaire, which includes the generic quality of life (QOL) and the quality of life related to cancer (QOLRC) subscales, were administered. Plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured using ELISA kits. Moderation analyses were performed to study the influence of psychobiological variables on quality of life. RESULTS Anxiety and depressive symptoms, TNF-α predicted QOL scores, and both medium and high levels of TNF-α influenced the negative conditional effect of depressive symptoms on QOL. Anxiety symptoms and TNF-α was associated with QOLRC scores, and lower self-esteem predicted poorer QOLRC when women had high levels of TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the booster effect of TNF-α for poorer quality of life in breast cancer survivors, both alone and in combination with depressive symptoms or low self-esteem. The study provides a framework for assessing subclinical markers, identifying vulnerable survivors and implementing psychological strategies to improve quality of life.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
The aim of this piece of research was to study the existence of clusters based on anger, empathy ... more The aim of this piece of research was to study the existence of clusters based on anger, empathy and cortisol and testosterone measures associated with aggressive behavior in school-aged children. The sample group comprised 139 eight-year-old children (80 boys and 59 girls). Aggressive behavior was measured using the Direct and Indirect Aggression Scale. Both psychological and biological variables were used to determine psychobiological profiles. The psychological variables considered were trait anger, measured using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory for Children and Adolescents, and empathy, measured using the Empathy Quotient-Child Version. Testosterone and cortisol concentrations were measured through saliva samples and analyzed using an ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). A Cluster Analysis revealed three clusters which were clearly different as regards their psychological and biological characteristics. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the cluster characterized by having higher anger levels, lower empathy levels and higher testosterone and cortisol levels was more aggressive than the other two (p < .0001, η 2 = .19). The results indicate that studying psychological and biological variables together may help establish differentiated aggression patterns among children.
through its eects on neuroimmune function. Few studies have examined the eects of acute stressors... more through its eects on neuroimmune function. Few studies have examined the eects of acute stressors on cellular adhesion molecule responses among depressed and non-depressed HF patients. Twenty-seven optimally treated HF patients (NYHA Class II–IV) (mean age 62 years) completed a 15–17 min moderate exercise challenge. Depressed mood was characterized by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Patients scoring above the BDI clinical cutpoint of 10 were considered to have depressed mood. Blood was drawn prior to and 0, 10 and 30 min post-exercise. Circulating sICAM-1 and sP-selectin levels were determined (ELISA). Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANCOVA. Controlling for age, gender and BMI, exercise led to dierent responses in non-depressed versus depressed patients. In nondepressed patients, an increase in sICAM-1 (p < 0.05) was followed by a return to baseline levels at 30 min post-exercise. In depressed patients, exercise led to a decrease in sICAM-1 levels (p < .05). Exercise led to a decrease in sP-selectin levels in non-depressed patients (p < 0.01) but no change in depressed patients. Borg’s ratings of perceived exertion were not dierent between the groups. The findings indicate that depressed and non-depressed HF patients mount dierent inflammatory responses to acute exercise stress. In depressed patients, the response to an acute exercise stress may be linked to dysfunction of neuroimmune activation. Also in depressed HF patients, decreased serotonin levels may be aecting platelet sP-selectin responses. Future studies should examine depression’s eects on serotonin levels in HF as they relate to neuroimmune activation.
Acute stress is a physiological response of an organism to adverse conditions, contributing to su... more Acute stress is a physiological response of an organism to adverse conditions, contributing to survival; however, persistence through time may lead to disease. Indeed, exacerbation of inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis has been reported to follow stressors in susceptible
Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, May 1, 2007
Background Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is associated with a characteristic behavioural phenotype... more Background Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is associated with a characteristic behavioural phenotype whose main features are, alongside compulsive hyperphagia, deficits in social behaviour: social withdrawal, temper tantrums, perseverative speech and behaviour, mental rigidity, stereotyped behaviour, impulsiveness, etc. Similar symptoms may also be found in autistic spectrum disorders and lesional pathologies of the frontal lobe. In both cases, such symptoms have been related to dysfunctions in frontal cognitive processes such as attention, working memory and executive functions. This study uses standardized neuropsychological instruments to analyse the degree to which these processes are affected in PWS.Methods The sample comprised 16 individuals with a genetically confirmed PWS diagnosis. Subjects’ IQ (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale), academic level, laterality and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Attention, memory and executive functions were analysed using standard, widely employed neuropsychological tests. We compared the results of the sample group with the general population. Correlation analyses were carried out with IQ, academic level and BMI.Results In all the neuropsychological measures focusing on attention, executive functions and visuoperceptual organization, the study sample scored significantly lower than the normative reference population. The scores of the tests used for measuring immediate memory were also significantly lower when trials required sequential processing, although not when they required simultaneous processing. In the memorization of a list of words, subjects showed an initial deficit which disappeared with repetition, enabling them to obtain scores similar to the reference population. No significant correlations were found with BMI, and a higher IQ or academic level did not improve scores in the majority of tests.Conclusions The study shows a deficit in elementary frontal cognitive processes in PWS patients. This deficit may be involved in the social behaviour disorders that characterize such patients, as described in other development or frontal syndrome pathologies. However, we cannot affirm that the deficits found are specific to PWS; they could also occur in other causes of intellectual disability. Although in the study sample IQ did not correlate with frontal deficits, further research is needed to establish whether the neuropsychological alterations described form part of a cognitive phenotype for PWS. We believe that our understanding of the social behaviours typical of PWS may be improved by taking into consideration the cognitive functioning models of the prefrontal lobe, particularly those applied to pervasive developmental disorders.
Background: In Spain, the perceived professional quality of life among veterinarians has not been... more Background: In Spain, the perceived professional quality of life among veterinarians has not been explored. Methods: Veterinarians were invited to complete an online questionnaire in which they answered the Professional Quality of Life scale, the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Participants were asked whether they were receiving psychological therapy or were taking anxiolytics, hypnotics or antidepressant medication. Alcohol consumption was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerström test; participants were asked whether they took illegal drugs. Results: The study sample comprised a total of 602 veterinarians, most of whom reported average levels of compassion satisfaction, secondary stress trauma and burnout. Emotional support and mental wellbeing influenced participants' professional quality of life. The percentage of veterinarians in psychological therapy and/or taking anxiolytics was higher than in the general population. Conclusions: A considerable number of clinical veterinarians in Spain may be suffering from work-related stress. Our study identifies salary, emotional support and mental wellbeing as important factors that affect the professional quality of life. Interventions to improve veterinary clinicians' professional quality of life should therefore focus on these factors. Patricia Macía and Olatz Goñi-Balentziaga contributed equally to this work. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
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