Papers by Nur Indah Fajar Mukti
Eksergi, Apr 3, 2020
Urea merupakan salah satu pupuk yang banyak digunakan dalam pertanian. Namun efisiensi penyerapan... more Urea merupakan salah satu pupuk yang banyak digunakan dalam pertanian. Namun efisiensi penyerapan urea untuk tanaman saat ini hanya berkisar 30%. Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan penyerapannya pada tanaman maka perlu dilakukan pengendalian pelepasan urea dengan membuatnya menjadi pupuk Slow Release Fertilizer (SRF). Penggunaan SRF diharapkan dapat mengendalikan pelepasan unsur nutrisi sesuai dengan waktu dan jumlah yang dibutuhkan tanaman. Bahan alami yang berpotensi sebagai matriks dari pupuk SRF ialah limbah ampas kopi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan karbon dari limbah ampas kopi yang dapat digunakan sebagai matrik dalam pembuatan pupuk SRF urea. Dengan penambahan matrik dari karbon kopi diharapkan dapat memperlambat laju pelepasan urea ke alam. Sehingga proses penyerapan urea ke dalam tumbuhan akan menjadi lebih maksimal. Ampas kopi dipirolisis dengan variasi suhu pirolisis (400-600oC) menggunakan ZnCl2 sebagai activator. Nilai iodine number karbon ampas kopi yang dihasilkan menurun dengan naiknya suhu. Penambahan karbon ampas kopi mampu menghambat pelepasan urea dari 81,5% menjadi 26% selama 30 hari. Kata Kunci: ampas kopi; slow release fertilizer; pirolisis; urea ABSTRACT: Urea is one of the fertilizers that are widely used in agriculture. However, the absorption efficiency of urea for plants is currently only around 30%. Therefore, to increase its absorption in plants it is necessary to control the release of urea by making it a Slow Release Fertilizer (SRF) fertilizer. The use of SRF is expected to control the release of nutrients according to the time and amount needed by plants. Natural material which has the potential as a matrix of SRF fertilizer is coffee grounds waste. This research produces carbon from coffee pulp waste which can be used as a matrix in the manufacture of urea SRF fertilizer. With the addition of a matrix of coffee carbon is expected to slow the rate of release of urea into nature. So that the process of absorption of urea into plants will be more leverage. Coffee pulp was pyrolysed with pyrolysis temperature variation (400-600oC) using ZnCl2 as activator. The iodine number value of coffee grounds carbon produced decreases with increasing temperature. The addition of carbon coffee grounds can inhibit the release of urea from 81.5% to 26% for 30 days.
Production of Biodiesel by Esterification of Free Fatty Acid over Solid Catalyst from Biomass Waste
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, May 1, 2018
Recently, low cost feedstocks have been utilized to replace vegetable oils in order to improve th... more Recently, low cost feedstocks have been utilized to replace vegetable oils in order to improve the economic feasibility of biodiesel. The esterification of free fatty acid (FFA) on Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) with methanol using solid catalyst generated from bagasse fly ash is a promising method to convert FFA into biodiesel. In this research, the esterification of FFA on PFAD using the sulfonated bagasse fly ash catalyst was studied. The performances of the catalysts were evaluated in terms of the reaction temperatures, the molar ratios of methanol to PFAD, and the catalyst loading. The effects of the mass ratio of catalyst to oil (1-10%), the molar ratio of methanol to oil (6:1-12:1), and the reaction temperature (40-60°C) were studied for the conversion of PFAD to optimize the reaction conditions. The results showed that the optimum conditions were methanol to PFAD molar ratio of 12:1, the amount of catalyst of 10%wt. of PFAD, and reaction temperature of 6°C. The reusability of the solid acid carbon catalysts was also studied in this work. The catalytic activity decreased up to 38% after third cycle. The significant decline in catalyst esterification activity was due to acid site leaching. The physico-characteristics and acid site densities were analyzed by Nitrogen gas adsorption, surface functional groups by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis using X-ray fluorescent (XRF), and acid-base back titration methods for determination of acid density.
RSC Advances
The separation of CO2/CH4 can be enhanced by impregnating porous carbon with iron oxide.
ACS Omega
The separation of CO 2 /CH 4 using porous carbon can be increased by the presence of a functional... more The separation of CO 2 /CH 4 using porous carbon can be increased by the presence of a functional group of nitrogen on the carbon surface. This study explores the potential of porous carbon derived from the palm kernel shell (C-PKS) impregnated with a deep eutectic solvent (DES), which is one of the chemicals containing a nitrogen element. The DES was composed of a quaternary ammonium salt of choline chloride (ChCl) and a hydrogen bond donor of alcohol. Three alcohols of 1-butanol (-ol), ethylene glycol (-diol), and glycerol (-triol) were employed to study the effects of a number of hydroxyl groups in the separation performance. The research steps included (i) the preparation of DES-impregnated porous carbon synthesized from the palm kernel shell (DES/C-PKS), (ii) characterization of the material, and (ii) a separation test of CO 2 /CH 4 with a breakthrough system. Materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), N 2-sorption analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. SEM images showed a significant morphological difference of pristine carbon and DES/C-PKS. There was a significant decrease in the range of 67−73% of a specific surface area with respect to pristine carbon, having initially 800 m 2 /g. However, the N element on the carbon surface increased after impregnation treatment, which was shown from the intensity of the FTIR graphs and EDX analysis. Adsorption isotherm revealed that DES/C-PKS could enhance up to 1.6 times the adsorption capacity of CO 2 at 1 atm and 30°C while increasing the selectivity of CO 2 /CH 4 up to 125%. The breakthrough experiment showed that all DES/C-PKS materials displayed a better performance for the separation of CO 2 /CH 4 , indicated by a longer breakthrough time and enhancement of CO 2 uptake. The best separation performance was achieved by DES/C-PKS using glycerol as a hydrogen bond donor with 15.4 mg/g of CO 2 uptake or equivalent to 95% enhancement of the uptake capacity compared to pristine porous carbon. Also, the cycling test revealed that DES/C-PKS can be used repetitively, which further highlights the efficiency of the material for the separation of CO 2 / CH 4 .
HIGH-ENERGY PROCESSES IN CONDENSED MATTER (HEPCM 2020): Proceedings of the XXVII Conference on High-Energy Processes in Condensed Matter, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of RI Soloukhin
Jember is an area in East Java that has potential in the agricultural and plantation sectors. Cof... more Jember is an area in East Java that has potential in the agricultural and plantation sectors. Coffee as one of the commodities of Jember Regency is very well known throughout the world proven by the existence of the coffee and cocoa research center in Jember Regency. Spent Coffee Ground (SCG), the by-product of coffee beverages, is a natural carbon source which can be utilized as an adsorbent matrix in the production of Slow Release Fertilizer (SRF). Jember is an area that relies on economic resources from the agricultural and plantation sectors. It is better to use SCG in advance for a matrix in making Slow Release Fertilizer. The focus of the research was to study the possibility of SCG to be used as a matrix by analyze the yield and surface area after activation. The results show that the total yield of SCG become matrix of SRF is vary 10-16% regarding the parameters implemented. The optimum surface area was produced from active carbon using KOH as activator at 400C as much as 1047.75 mg iodine/g carbon followed by ZnCl2 as activator at 400 C as much as 1028.7 mg iodine/g carbon. The bigger the temperature produces the lower surface area of activated carbon. The surface area differences had been checked by LSD method to describe the significance. Hence, the optimum activator is KOH to produce SRF because of the yield and surface area obtained.
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering
Ethylene is naturally generated by climacteric fruits and can promote the ripening process faster... more Ethylene is naturally generated by climacteric fruits and can promote the ripening process faster. For effective long-distance transport and subsequent storage, removing ethylene from the storage environment has been of interest to suppress its undesirable effect. In this study, ethylene removal by an adsorptive method using cobalt-loaded nanoporous carbon is studied. Cobalt oxide-loaded carbon was prepared by incipient wetness method followed by calcination process at 200 °C under inert flow. Ethylene adsorption test was performed at 20, 30, and 40 °C using a static volumetric test. The results showed that cobalt oxide/carbon system has significant ethylene adsorption capacity up to 3.5 times higher compared to blank carbon. A higher temperature adsorption is more favorable for this chemisorption process. Ethylene uptake increases from 100 to 150 mL g-1adsorbent STP by increasing cobalt oxide loading on carbon from 10 to 30 wt.% Co. The highest uptake capacity of 6 mmol ethylene pe...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
Low cost and effective biomass wastes may have ample applications in water decontamination proced... more Low cost and effective biomass wastes may have ample applications in water decontamination procedures. Coffee waste is one of the most populer were used as low cost adsorbents for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions. The aim of this research is to study the effect of washing the coffee residue for dyes adsorption. The characterization functional group of adsorbents was characterized with FTIR, and proximate analysis. The experimental data obtained in the present study indicate that coffee grounds are suitable for use as biosorbents in the removal of dyes.
Eksergi
Natural zeolite is a mineral that are widely available in Indonesia. Among many other benefits, t... more Natural zeolite is a mineral that are widely available in Indonesia. Among many other benefits, the natural zeolite can be used as an adsorbent to reduce water pollutant caused by ammonia compounds and combination of derivatives. This research aimed to study the effect of different acids on zeolite characterizatics as adsorbent of ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). The effect of acids addition on natural zeolite was studied by varying the concentration of H2SO4(0,5 N; 3 N and 5 N) and concentration of H3PO4 (0,5 N; 3 N and 5 N). In this study, zeolite surface was observed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Results were showed that the amount of NH4OH adsorbed on H- zeolite has a maximum (23,6 mg/gram zeolit) at 5 N H2SO4. From the NH4OH uptake experiment, it was noted that zeolite obtained from H-Zeolite-H2SO4 has higher NH4OH adsorption capacity than that of zeolite obtained from H-Zeolite-H3PO4. The adsorption capacity of H-Zeolite-H2SO4, H-Zeolite-H3PO4, are 23,6 mg/g and 12,9 mg/g,...
MATEC Web of Conferences
Mangosteen rind is an important source of natural antioxidants. Due to the growing interest in ex... more Mangosteen rind is an important source of natural antioxidants. Due to the growing interest in extracting this anti cancer substances from the Mangosteen rind, the amount of this lignocellulosic residu has been generated significantly as byproduct. In this research, extraction-waste Mangosteen rind (EMP) was used as alternative precusor for production of carbon-based adsorbent for ethylene removal. Steam was used as activating agent and the effect of carbonization time and temperature on the development of pore structure were examined. Pyrolysis process was carried out by heating the Mangosteen rinds powder (180 μm - 355 μm) from ambient temperature up to carbonization temperature of 848 K and kept for 3 hours then followed by heating up to 1123 K and kept for 15 minutes under flowing N2 and steam. This process was repeated for several pyrolysis temperature (1053 K, 1073 K, 1083 K and 1103 K) and carbonization time (0 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3,5 hours). The carbon obtained was c...
Molecules
Suppressing the amount of ethylene during storage has been of interest as a method to enhance she... more Suppressing the amount of ethylene during storage has been of interest as a method to enhance shelf life of fruit. In this work, ethylene removal by adsorption using cobalt oxide-impregnated nanoporous carbon has been studied. Nanoporous carbon with a high surface area up to 2400 m2 g−1 was prepared by carbonization process biomass and synthetic polymer at 850 °C. Dispersion of cobalt oxide on porous carbon surface was carried out by an incipient wetness procedure followed by calcination process at 200 °C. Ethylene adsorption test was performed using a volumetric method in an ultrahigh vacuum rig constructed by Swagelok VCR® fittings. The results showed that the cobalt oxide/carbon system had significant ethylene adsorption capacity. Ethylene uptake increases with the increasing cobalt oxide loading on the carbon. The highest ethylene capacity of 16 mol kg−1 adsorbent was obtained by using 30 wt.% (weight percentage) of cobalt oxide dispersed in polymer-derived carbon. In closed sto...
International Journal of Technology
The purpose of this study is to develop natural zeolite impregnated with potassium nitrate (KNO3)... more The purpose of this study is to develop natural zeolite impregnated with potassium nitrate (KNO3) as a heterogenous catalyst for the transesterification of rice bran oil (RBO) in order to produce Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). We conducted the Nitrogen adsorption-desorption method, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectrometer, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis in order to characterize the physicochemical properties of the modified natural zeolite catalysts. We investigated the influences of RBO to methanol mole ratio in the range of 1:6 to 1:12. The variation of natural zeolite catalyst amount performed, also, at 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 wt. % of RBO. Moreover, the reaction temperatures were varied at room temperature (32C), 60C and 67.5C. The highest biodiesel yield was 83.2% which was obtained at a ratio of 1:12 RBO to methanol mole, an amount of modified natural zeolite catalyst of 10 wt.% of RBO and a reaction temperature of 67.5C. In order to study the reusability of modified natural zeolite catalyst, three successive transesterification reactions were carried out using the same reaction conditions.
REAKTOR, 2015
Ethylene is a compound produced naturally by fruit that can accelerate the maturity of the fruit.... more Ethylene is a compound produced naturally by fruit that can accelerate the maturity of the fruit. Controlling ethylene gas as a product of metabolism of fruit during storage will prolong the shelf life of the fruit. Controlling ethylene gas is carried out by adsorption process using carbon-impregnated cobalt oxide. In this study, carbon as a support made by pyrolysis of extraction waste of mangosteen peel at a temperature of 850°C for 15 minutes. Furthermore, the process of impregnating of cobalt oxide into the carbon pore network was carried out by using the incipient wetness impregnation method by adding a cobalt salt solution into the carbon pore network, followed by heating at a temperature of 110oC for 8 hours and calcination at a temperature of 200oC for 6 hours. Ethylene adsorption test performed at 30°C using a static volumetric test. While Cavendish banana fruit preservation process was carried out at ambient temperature (20-32oC) by observing the changing of skin color f...
Nanoporous Carbon Prepared from Palm Kernel Shell for CO2/CH4 Separation
Waste and Biomass Valorization
Uploads
Papers by Nur Indah Fajar Mukti