Papers by Nonso C Ejiofor
Prevalaence of Anaemia among Preganant Women Attending 82 Division Nigerian Army Hospitals, Enugu, 2019
Moringa oleifera and Camellia sinensis are widely consumed edible plants in parts of South East, ... more Moringa oleifera and Camellia sinensis are widely consumed edible plants in parts of South East, Nigeria. It is used as a beverage and
also used in the treatment of several ailments by alternative medical practitioners because of its medicinal properties medicinal
plant. The histopathological damage repair properties of Moringa oleifera and Camelia sinensis on the brain, liver and kidney organs
were investigated on monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced oxidative-stressed rats.
Method
Twenty male Wister rats were divided into five groups of four rats each. Rats were administered with 0.6 mg/g body weight
(b.w) dose of MSG solution for 14 days to induce oxidative stress. Control group was given distilled water. A subsequent treatment
with MO, GT and their mixture for a period of 28 days was carried out. One group was left untreated. On day 28 of the
treatment regime, animals were sacrificed and necessary organs (brain, liver and kidney) harvested. These organs were processed
according to paraffin wax embedding technique, stained with haematoxylin and eosin for light microscopy.
Results
The plant samples both showed in vivo nitric oxide scavenging properties. The plant samples also presented an increased
catalase enzyme activity and the lipid profile analyses showed no significant difference at 95% level of probability. Both plants
resulted in reversing the damage that occurred in MSG-induced oxidative stressed rats. This was particularly true for both the
kidney and liver.
Conclusion
The study provides a pharmacological basis for the traditional use of Camellia sinensis and Moringa oleifera extracts in alleviating
common medical conditions.
Organo-Protective Effect of Moringa oleifera (Moringa) and Camellia sinensis (Green Tea) against Histopathological Damage in Monosodium Glutamate-induced Oxidative-Stressed Rats, 2019
Cite this article Ayoola MB, Ejiofor NC, Ezeagu IE, Achukwu P. Organo-Protective Effect of Moring... more Cite this article Ayoola MB, Ejiofor NC, Ezeagu IE, Achukwu P. Organo-Protective Effect of Moringa oleifera (Moringa) and Camellia sinensis (Green Tea) against Histopathological Damage in Monosodium Glutamate-induced Oxidative-Stressed Rats.
Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2019
Moringa oleifera, popularly known as "miracle tree" belongs to the family, Moringaceae. It is a m... more Moringa oleifera, popularly known as "miracle tree" belongs to the family, Moringaceae. It is a medicinal plant in which the leaves are the most nutritious part, being a significant source of vitamins and protein among others. This study was conceived and designed based on the gaps in the research that has been performed and what is known about the plant. In this study, the effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract on alloxan induced diabetes in Wistar albino rats was investigated. A total of forty five (45) rats were acclimatized for a period of two weeks, then randomly divided into five (5) groups (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) of nine (9) rats each and fed with standard feed and water. Group 1 which is the control was fed with just water and standard feed while Hyperglycemia was induced in groups 2, 3, 4, & 5 intra-peritoneally after an overnight fasting using alloxan at a concentration of 130 mg/kg b.w. and allowed for 48hours which resulted in a high blood glucose level between 300 mg/dl and 600 mg/dl. Group 2 was not given any treatment while Groups 3, 4, & 5 were treated with doses 100 mg/kg b.w., 200 mg/kg bw, and 400 mg/kgbw of Moringa oleifera leaf extract respectively for a period of four weeks. A glucometer was used to check the blood Original Research Article Udeogu et al.; AJRIMPS, 7(2): 1-8, 2019; Article no.AJRIMPS.47042 2 glucose level of the animals before and after treatment. The results of Groups 3, 4, & 5 (172.0±4.75 mg/dl, 142.9±47.25 mg/dl, 70.6±24.46 mg/dl respectively) showed a significant decrease (p< 0.05) in blood glucose level of the induced rats when compared with Group 2 (316±47.17 mg/dl) which was induced only alloxan. It can therefore be concluded that this study has shown that the extract of Moringa oleifera leaves offers an anti-diabetic effect in Wistar albino rats.
ADVANCES IN FOOD TECHNOLOGY AND NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES OPEN JOURNAL, 2019
Introduction: Moringa oleifera and Camellia sinensis are edible plants widely distributed in part... more Introduction: Moringa oleifera and Camellia sinensis are edible plants widely distributed in parts of South East of Nigeria. Both are used as a beverage and medicinal plant in the treatment of several ailments by alternative medical practitioners. The in vitro antioxidant properties of both Moringa oleifera and Camelia sinensis leaves were investigated in the current study.
Method: Phytochemical analysis was carried out to evaluate the flavonoids and total phenolic contents of the plants crude extracts. Also, reducing power ability and nitric oxide scavenging activity of the plants were also determined in order to ascertain their antioxidant capacities to eliminate free radicals, and attenuate oxidative stress.
Results: Both plant samples demonstrated antioxidant properties. The samples were rich in flavonoid(135.14 ± 5.20 and 208.24 ± 14.38), and total phenolics (62.85 ± 1.70 and 91.68 ± 0.22) for both Moringa oleifera and Camelia sinensis respectively. The plant samples also showed nitric oxide scavenging and reducing power ability. Camelia sinensis appears to be a better antioxidant plant.
Conclusion: Moringa oleifera and Camelia sinensis contains substantial amount of antioxidant substances which could warrant their utilization in alternative medicine. However, further research works are needed to properly ascertain and harness these bioactive agents present in the plants.
International Journal of Biology Research, 2018
Introduction: The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is usually implicated in oxidative ... more Introduction: The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is usually implicated in oxidative stress which is widely reported to be induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG), a known flavour enhancer commonly used as food seasoning. Oxidative stress is known to play key role in the development of various disease conditions. The in vivo antioxidant properties of both Moringa oleifera and Camellia sinensis were both investigated in MSG-induced oxidatively stressed rats. Methods: Moringa oleifera leaves were obtained from the local market while popular branded Camellia sinensis was purchased from a supermarket in Enugu, Nigeria. The dried plant materials were powdered using a clean electric blender. Hundred grams (100 g) of dried, ground sample of both samples were extracted using the maceration method. The extracts were evaporated to dryness using a rotary evaporator and stored at 4 o C until use. Antioxidant properties of both plant samples were also determined. Twenty male wistar rats were divided into five groups of four rats each. The rats were administered with 0.6mg/kg body weight (b.w) dose of MSG solution for 14 days to induce oxidative stress, the control group was given distilled water. Subsequent treatment with MO, GT and combination of both extracts for a period of 28 days was carried out. One group was left untreated. The antioxidant levels and lipid profile of the rats were investigated. Results: The antioxidant properties of the sample extracts showed the presence of flavonoid (135.14 ± 5.20 and 208.24 ± 14.38), and phenolics (62.85 ± 1.70 and 91.68 ± 0.22) for both Moringa oleifera and Camellia sinensis respectively. The plant samples both showed in vivo and in vitro nitric oxide scavenging properties. The plant samples also presented an increased catalase enzyme activity and the lipid profile analyses showed no significant difference at 95% level of probability. Both plants reversed the histopathological damage that occurred in MSG-induced oxidative stressed rats. Conclusion: This study confirmed the usefulness of the medicinal plants: Camellia sinensis, Moringa oleifera and their combination in alleviating common medical conditions through the antioxidant properties.
European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2018
The increase in the prevalence, complications and cost effect of diabetes management necessitated... more The increase in the prevalence, complications and cost effect of diabetes management necessitated the search for alternative treatment and a look into the anti-diabetic and biochemical effects of Persea americana seed extract on the liver of diabetic rats. This study was conceived and designed based on the gaps in the research that has been performed and what is known about the plant. The anti-diabetic and biochemical effects of both the water and ethanol extracts of Persea americana (avocado pear) seed on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats were investigated. The seeds were minced by means of a grater and dried to a constant weight in an oven at 50°C. It is then ground to powder. One hundred grams (100 g) of the sample was extracted with 1000 ml of both water and methanol using the maceration method. The extracts were evaporated to dryness using a rotary evaporator and the extracts stored at 4°C until use. The effects of different doses (200 mg/bw, and 300/bw) of both water and methanol extracts of P. americana seed on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats were compared with those of a reference drug, insulin. The glucose Original Research Article Ejiofor et al.; EJMP, 26(1): 1-12, 2018; Article no.EJMP.41587 2 level and weight of the rats were measured weekly for 21 days. The liver function tests of the rats were investigated. Results of study showed that the extract possess a significant anti-diabetic effect for both extracts (P < 0.05). However, when compared within the experimental groups, the rats treated with ethanol extracts of P. americana seed showed a better anti diabetic effect. The liver function enzyme parameters showed no significant difference (P> 0.05) and reversed the increased liver function parameters that occurred in alloxan-induced albino diabetic untreated rats, comparable to the effects of insulin. In conclusion, the present study provides a pharmacological basis for the traditional use of P. americana seeds extracts in the management of Diabetes Mellitus.
The agriculture industry provides consumers with food (meat, milk, eggs, and grains) and contribu... more The agriculture industry provides consumers with food (meat, milk, eggs, and grains) and contributes significantly to the global economy. Due to reliance on specific climate conditions,heat stress (caused by a combination of environmental factors such as: temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, air movement, and precipitation) can have a very detrimental effect on this industry for both producers and consumers alike.
Advances in Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences Open Journal. 2018; SE(2):, 2018
This research work was carried out to determine chemical components of Persea americana seed. Per... more This research work was carried out to determine chemical components of Persea americana seed. Persea americana (avocado) is widely grown fruit in parts of South East, Nigeria, where it is used as a medicinal plant in the treatment of several ailments by alternative medical practitioners. The chemical components of Persea americana seed includes the proximate and minor components. The fleshy part of the fruit was removed to obtain the seed. The dried seeds were ground to powder and dried to constant weight. The seed is high in carbohydrate (49.03± 0.02g/100g), lipid (17.90± 0.14g/100g), protein (15.55± 0.36g/100g) moisture (15.10± 0.14g/100g). It also showed low amounts of ash (2.26±0.23g/100g). The seed also presented total oxalate (14.98±0.03mg/100g). Levels of tannin (6.98±0.04mg/100g) and phytic acid (3.18±0.16mg/100g) were also present in low amount. It seems P.americana seed contains substantial amount of nutrients that could warrant it's utilization in animal feed or food.
Persea Americana (avocado) is widely grown in parts of South East, Nigeria, where it is used as a... more Persea Americana (avocado) is widely grown in parts of South East, Nigeria, where it is used as a medicinal plant in the treatment of several ailments by alternative medical practitioners. This study was on the pharmacology of its seed in diabetes treatment. The study therefore suggested the histopathologic effects of P. americana seed extracts on the liver and kidney of alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. One hundred gram (100g) of the sample was extracted with 1L of water using the maceration method. The rats were induced with diabetes by intraperitonal (IP) injection of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan monohydrate solution and treated with different doses of the extract (200 and300 mg/kg.b.wt.) and insulin for 21 days. On Day 21 of the treatment regime, the animals were sacrificed and the necessary organs (liver and kidney) were harvested. The harvested organs were processed according to paraffin wax embedding technique, sectioned at 5μmand stained by the haematoxylin and eosin for light microscopy. Results obtained in alloxan-treated rats showed evidence of necrosis, vasculation and infiltration of the hepatocytes by inflammatory cells. In the kidney, there was mild infiltration by inflammatory cells in alloxan-treated rats. However, treatment of the alloxan-treated rats with extracts of P. Americana restored the histoarchitecture of both the damaged liver and kidney to normal as the control rats suggesting that P. Americana extracts reversed the histopathological damage that occurred in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. It is concluded this study seems to provides a pharmacological basis for the traditional use of P. americana seeds extracts in the management of Diabetes mellitus and raises the possibility of its potential clinical usefulness.
Persea Americana (avocado) is widely grown in parts of South East, Nigeria, where it is used as a... more Persea Americana (avocado) is widely grown in parts of South East, Nigeria, where it is used as a medicinal plant in the treatment of several ailments by alternative medical practitioners. This study was on the pharmacology of its seed in diabetes treatment. The study therefore suggested the histopathologic effects of P. americana seed extracts on the liver and kidney of alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. One hundred gram (100g) of the sample was extracted with 1L of water using the maceration method. The rats were induced with diabetes by intraperitonal (IP) injection of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan monohydrate solution and treated with different doses of the extract (200 and300 mg/kg.b.wt.) and insulin for 21 days. On Day 21 of the treatment regime, the animals were sacrificed and the necessary organs (liver and kidney) were harvested. The harvested organs were processed according to paraffin wax embedding technique, sectioned at 5μmand stained by the haematoxylin and eosin for light microscopy. Results obtained in alloxan-treated rats showed evidence of necrosis, vasculation and infiltration of the hepatocytes by inflammatory cells. In the kidney, there was mild infiltration by inflammatory cells in alloxan-treated rats. However, treatment of the alloxan-treated rats with extracts of P. Americana restored the histoarchitecture of both the damaged liver and kidney to normal as the control rats suggesting that P. Americana extracts reversed the histopathological damage that occurred in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. It is concluded this study seems to provides a pharmacological basis for the traditional use of P. americana seeds extracts in the management of Diabetes mellitus and raises the possibility of its potential clinical usefulness.
Persea Americana (avocado) is widely grown in parts of South East, Nigeria, where it is used as a... more Persea Americana (avocado) is widely grown in parts of South East, Nigeria, where it is used as a medicinal plant in the treatment of several ailments by alternative medical practitioners. This study was on the pharmacology of its seed in diabetes treatment. The study therefore suggested the histopathologic effects of P. americana seed extracts on the liver and kidney of alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. One hundred gram (100g) of the sample was extracted with 1L of water using the maceration method. The rats were induced with diabetes by intraperitonal (IP) injection of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan monohydrate solution and treated with different doses of the extract (200 and300 mg/kg.b.wt.) and insulin for 21 days. On Day 21 of the treatment regime, the animals were sacrificed and the necessary organs (liver and kidney) were harvested. The harvested organs were processed according to paraffin wax embedding technique, sectioned at 5μmand stained by the haematoxylin and eosin for light microscopy. Results obtained in alloxan-treated rats showed evidence of necrosis, vasculation and infiltration of the hepatocytes by inflammatory cells. In the kidney, there was mild infiltration by inflammatory cells in alloxan-treated rats. However, treatment of the alloxan-treated rats with extracts of P. Americana restored the histoarchitecture of both the damaged liver and kidney to normal as the control rats suggesting that P. Americana extracts reversed the histopathological damage that occurred in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. It is concluded this study seems to provides a pharmacological basis for the traditional use of P. americana seeds extracts in the management of Diabetes mellitus and raises the possibility of its potential clinical usefulness.
Persea Americana (avocado) is widely grown in parts of South East, Nigeria, where it is used as a... more Persea Americana (avocado) is widely grown in parts of South East, Nigeria, where it is used as a medicinal plant in the treatment of several ailments by alternative medical practitioners. This study was on the pharmacology of its seed in diabetes treatment. The study therefore suggested the histopathologic effects of P. americana seed extracts on the liver and kidney of alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. One hundred gram (100g) of the sample was extracted with 1L of water using the maceration method. The rats were induced with diabetes by intraperitonal (IP) injection of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan monohydrate solution and treated with different doses of the extract (200 and300 mg/kg.b.wt.) and insulin for 21 days. On Day 21 of the treatment regime, the animals were sacrificed and the necessary organs (liver and kidney) were harvested. The harvested organs were processed according to paraffin wax embedding technique, sectioned at 5μmand stained by the haematoxylin and eosin for light microscopy. Results obtained in alloxan-treated rats showed evidence of necrosis, vasculation and infiltration of the hepatocytes by inflammatory cells. In the kidney, there was mild infiltration by inflammatory cells in alloxan-treated rats. However, treatment of the alloxan-treated rats with extracts of P. Americana restored the histoarchitecture of both the damaged liver and kidney to normal as the control rats suggesting that P. Americana extracts reversed the histopathological damage that occurred in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. It is concluded this study seems to provides a pharmacological basis for the traditional use of P. americana seeds extracts in the management of Diabetes mellitus and raises the possibility of its potential clinical usefulness.
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2018
Persea Americana (avocado) is widely grown in parts of South East, Nigeria, where it is used as a... more Persea Americana (avocado) is widely grown in parts of South East, Nigeria, where it is used as a medicinal plant in the treatment of several ailments by alternative medical practitioners. This study was on the pharmacology of its seed in diabetes treatment. The study therefore suggested the histopathologic effects of P. americana seed extracts on the liver and kidney of alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. One hundred gram (100g) of the sample was extracted with 1L of water using the maceration method. The rats were induced with diabetes by intraperitonal (IP) injection of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan monohydrate solution and treated with different doses of the extract (200 and300 mg/kg.b.wt.) and insulin for 21 days. On Day 21 of the treatment regime, the animals were sacrificed and the necessary organs (liver and kidney) were harvested. The harvested organs were processed according to paraffin wax embedding technique, sectioned at 5μmand stained by the haematoxylin and eosin for light microscopy. Results obtained in alloxan-treated rats showed evidence of necrosis, vasculation and infiltration of the hepatocytes by inflammatory cells. In the kidney, there was mild infiltration by inflammatory cells in alloxan-treated rats. However, treatment of the alloxan-treated rats with extracts of P. Americana restored the histoarchitecture of both the damaged liver and kidney to normal as the control rats suggesting that P. Americana extracts reversed the histopathological damage that occurred in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. It is concluded this study seems to provides a pharmacological basis for the traditional use of P. americana seeds extracts in the management of Diabetes mellitus and raises the possibility of its potential clinical usefulness.
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Papers by Nonso C Ejiofor
also used in the treatment of several ailments by alternative medical practitioners because of its medicinal properties medicinal
plant. The histopathological damage repair properties of Moringa oleifera and Camelia sinensis on the brain, liver and kidney organs
were investigated on monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced oxidative-stressed rats.
Method
Twenty male Wister rats were divided into five groups of four rats each. Rats were administered with 0.6 mg/g body weight
(b.w) dose of MSG solution for 14 days to induce oxidative stress. Control group was given distilled water. A subsequent treatment
with MO, GT and their mixture for a period of 28 days was carried out. One group was left untreated. On day 28 of the
treatment regime, animals were sacrificed and necessary organs (brain, liver and kidney) harvested. These organs were processed
according to paraffin wax embedding technique, stained with haematoxylin and eosin for light microscopy.
Results
The plant samples both showed in vivo nitric oxide scavenging properties. The plant samples also presented an increased
catalase enzyme activity and the lipid profile analyses showed no significant difference at 95% level of probability. Both plants
resulted in reversing the damage that occurred in MSG-induced oxidative stressed rats. This was particularly true for both the
kidney and liver.
Conclusion
The study provides a pharmacological basis for the traditional use of Camellia sinensis and Moringa oleifera extracts in alleviating
common medical conditions.
Method: Phytochemical analysis was carried out to evaluate the flavonoids and total phenolic contents of the plants crude extracts. Also, reducing power ability and nitric oxide scavenging activity of the plants were also determined in order to ascertain their antioxidant capacities to eliminate free radicals, and attenuate oxidative stress.
Results: Both plant samples demonstrated antioxidant properties. The samples were rich in flavonoid(135.14 ± 5.20 and 208.24 ± 14.38), and total phenolics (62.85 ± 1.70 and 91.68 ± 0.22) for both Moringa oleifera and Camelia sinensis respectively. The plant samples also showed nitric oxide scavenging and reducing power ability. Camelia sinensis appears to be a better antioxidant plant.
Conclusion: Moringa oleifera and Camelia sinensis contains substantial amount of antioxidant substances which could warrant their utilization in alternative medicine. However, further research works are needed to properly ascertain and harness these bioactive agents present in the plants.
also used in the treatment of several ailments by alternative medical practitioners because of its medicinal properties medicinal
plant. The histopathological damage repair properties of Moringa oleifera and Camelia sinensis on the brain, liver and kidney organs
were investigated on monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced oxidative-stressed rats.
Method
Twenty male Wister rats were divided into five groups of four rats each. Rats were administered with 0.6 mg/g body weight
(b.w) dose of MSG solution for 14 days to induce oxidative stress. Control group was given distilled water. A subsequent treatment
with MO, GT and their mixture for a period of 28 days was carried out. One group was left untreated. On day 28 of the
treatment regime, animals were sacrificed and necessary organs (brain, liver and kidney) harvested. These organs were processed
according to paraffin wax embedding technique, stained with haematoxylin and eosin for light microscopy.
Results
The plant samples both showed in vivo nitric oxide scavenging properties. The plant samples also presented an increased
catalase enzyme activity and the lipid profile analyses showed no significant difference at 95% level of probability. Both plants
resulted in reversing the damage that occurred in MSG-induced oxidative stressed rats. This was particularly true for both the
kidney and liver.
Conclusion
The study provides a pharmacological basis for the traditional use of Camellia sinensis and Moringa oleifera extracts in alleviating
common medical conditions.
Method: Phytochemical analysis was carried out to evaluate the flavonoids and total phenolic contents of the plants crude extracts. Also, reducing power ability and nitric oxide scavenging activity of the plants were also determined in order to ascertain their antioxidant capacities to eliminate free radicals, and attenuate oxidative stress.
Results: Both plant samples demonstrated antioxidant properties. The samples were rich in flavonoid(135.14 ± 5.20 and 208.24 ± 14.38), and total phenolics (62.85 ± 1.70 and 91.68 ± 0.22) for both Moringa oleifera and Camelia sinensis respectively. The plant samples also showed nitric oxide scavenging and reducing power ability. Camelia sinensis appears to be a better antioxidant plant.
Conclusion: Moringa oleifera and Camelia sinensis contains substantial amount of antioxidant substances which could warrant their utilization in alternative medicine. However, further research works are needed to properly ascertain and harness these bioactive agents present in the plants.