Pakistan journal of international affairs, Mar 29, 2021
The conflict that was started as a civil war in the Soviet Union turned into one of the longest, ... more The conflict that was started as a civil war in the Soviet Union turned into one of the longest, bloodiest post-Soviet conflicts. Armenia and Azerbaijan is fighting for Nagorno-Karabakh for over a century, have killed more than 300,000 people including military personnel and civilians. Geopolitical factors and ethnic differences between the two are the primary reasons of the dispute. Several mediating parties intervened and tried to bring a peaceful solution to the dispute, but due to the foreign interventions especially Russian and Turkish military support to the warring states have contributed to deteriorate the situation and also escalated the mistrust between Armenia and Azerbaijan. This research article examines the Armenia-Azerbaijan relations, historical background of Nagorno-Karabakh in detail along with the approach of international community towards it. It also evaluates its peace process and the performance of the main state and non-state actors. This article also has the timeline of clashes took place between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the occupation of Nagorno-Karabakh territory.
The Syrian Civil War began in 2011 and soon became a chaotic civil war as a result of a nonviolen... more The Syrian Civil War began in 2011 and soon became a chaotic civil war as a result of a nonviolent counter-state protest against Syria's dysfunctional government. In fact, the crisis is the offspring of the Arab Spring which is progressively drawing global and regional powers into proxy conflict in Syria and prolonging the war into unexpected phases. This study is an attempt to analyse various ways of conflict resolution, employed during and after the crisis, with a view to key variables such as interference by foreign powers, a deteriorated socioeconomic condition in Syria including deep sectarian hatred. Many are key players in this war, because Syria is a more acute and complicated group of shiite, regional and global forces among contemporary civil wars. The main groups include Sunni armed groups, such as Al-Nusra, Hezbolshev Lebanon and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS); Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Russia, the US and Qatar.
The conflict that was started as a civil war in the Soviet Union turned into one of the longest, ... more The conflict that was started as a civil war in the Soviet Union turned into one of the longest, bloodiest post-Soviet conflicts. Armenia and Azerbaijan is fighting for Nagorno-Karabakh for over a century, have killed more than 300,000 people including military personnel and civilians. Geopolitical factors and ethnic differences between the two are the primary reasons of the dispute. Several mediating parties intervened and tried to bring a peaceful solution to the dispute, but due to the foreign interventions especially Russian and Turkish military support to the warring states have contributed to deteriorate the situation and also escalated the mistrust between Armenia and Azerbaijan. This research article examines the Armenia-Azerbaijan relations, historical background of Nagorno-Karabakh in detail along with the approach of international community towards it. It also evaluates its peace process and the performance of the main state and non-state actors. This article also has the...
In this current century, the use of economic sanctions by the superpowers, particularly the US, h... more In this current century, the use of economic sanctions by the superpowers, particularly the US, has become regular and aggressive. The US imposes sanctions and economic embargoes on states and groups who do not follow US-designed standards regarding manufacturing weapons, nuclear technology and resolving international disputes. However, it has failed most of the time to alter behaviour of the sanctioned countries. Sanctions programs of Syria, Pakistan, Iran and North Korea are a few of the many examples which prove the failure of American sanctions. This qualitative research article examines the politics of the US behind its sanctions policy along with negative impacts on targeted countries. It also analyses Donald Trump's aggressive sanctions policy, which is said as record-breaking in American history of economic sanctions. The whole analysis explains targeted sanctions policy is controversial and ineffective. These sanctions kill civilians and restrict them from basic necessi...
Pakistan journal of international affairs, Mar 29, 2021
The conflict that was started as a civil war in the Soviet Union turned into one of the longest, ... more The conflict that was started as a civil war in the Soviet Union turned into one of the longest, bloodiest post-Soviet conflicts. Armenia and Azerbaijan is fighting for Nagorno-Karabakh for over a century, have killed more than 300,000 people including military personnel and civilians. Geopolitical factors and ethnic differences between the two are the primary reasons of the dispute. Several mediating parties intervened and tried to bring a peaceful solution to the dispute, but due to the foreign interventions especially Russian and Turkish military support to the warring states have contributed to deteriorate the situation and also escalated the mistrust between Armenia and Azerbaijan. This research article examines the Armenia-Azerbaijan relations, historical background of Nagorno-Karabakh in detail along with the approach of international community towards it. It also evaluates its peace process and the performance of the main state and non-state actors. This article also has the timeline of clashes took place between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the occupation of Nagorno-Karabakh territory.
The Syrian Civil War began in 2011 and soon became a chaotic civil war as a result of a nonviolen... more The Syrian Civil War began in 2011 and soon became a chaotic civil war as a result of a nonviolent counter-state protest against Syria's dysfunctional government. In fact, the crisis is the offspring of the Arab Spring which is progressively drawing global and regional powers into proxy conflict in Syria and prolonging the war into unexpected phases. This study is an attempt to analyse various ways of conflict resolution, employed during and after the crisis, with a view to key variables such as interference by foreign powers, a deteriorated socioeconomic condition in Syria including deep sectarian hatred. Many are key players in this war, because Syria is a more acute and complicated group of shiite, regional and global forces among contemporary civil wars. The main groups include Sunni armed groups, such as Al-Nusra, Hezbolshev Lebanon and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS); Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Russia, the US and Qatar.
The conflict that was started as a civil war in the Soviet Union turned into one of the longest, ... more The conflict that was started as a civil war in the Soviet Union turned into one of the longest, bloodiest post-Soviet conflicts. Armenia and Azerbaijan is fighting for Nagorno-Karabakh for over a century, have killed more than 300,000 people including military personnel and civilians. Geopolitical factors and ethnic differences between the two are the primary reasons of the dispute. Several mediating parties intervened and tried to bring a peaceful solution to the dispute, but due to the foreign interventions especially Russian and Turkish military support to the warring states have contributed to deteriorate the situation and also escalated the mistrust between Armenia and Azerbaijan. This research article examines the Armenia-Azerbaijan relations, historical background of Nagorno-Karabakh in detail along with the approach of international community towards it. It also evaluates its peace process and the performance of the main state and non-state actors. This article also has the...
In this current century, the use of economic sanctions by the superpowers, particularly the US, h... more In this current century, the use of economic sanctions by the superpowers, particularly the US, has become regular and aggressive. The US imposes sanctions and economic embargoes on states and groups who do not follow US-designed standards regarding manufacturing weapons, nuclear technology and resolving international disputes. However, it has failed most of the time to alter behaviour of the sanctioned countries. Sanctions programs of Syria, Pakistan, Iran and North Korea are a few of the many examples which prove the failure of American sanctions. This qualitative research article examines the politics of the US behind its sanctions policy along with negative impacts on targeted countries. It also analyses Donald Trump's aggressive sanctions policy, which is said as record-breaking in American history of economic sanctions. The whole analysis explains targeted sanctions policy is controversial and ineffective. These sanctions kill civilians and restrict them from basic necessi...
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