This chapter discusses the efforts made by the Israeli Gene Bank for Agricultural Crops (IGB) and... more This chapter discusses the efforts made by the Israeli Gene Bank for Agricultural Crops (IGB) and the National Council for Research and Development (now the Ministry of Science, Culture and Sport) to conserve plant genetic resources in Israel. Emphasis is given on the management of national seed bank, small living collections and clonal nurseries and on the conservation of native plant species that are rare and in danger of extinction.
Gap analysis is a well-established conservation technique used by ecological conservationists to ... more Gap analysis is a well-established conservation technique used by ecological conservationists to identify areas in which selected elements of biodiversity are represented. Through comparison with existing in situ protected-area networks, it identifies habitats or ecosystems that need additional protection. However, the methodology has recently been adapted for application in the context of broader agro-biodiversity conservation, to encompass both in situ and ex situ strategies for conserving genetic diversity. The extended methodology involves the following steps: (a) circumscription of target taxon and target area, (b) assessment of natural diversity through a review of intrinsic taxonomic, genetic and ecogeographic diversity combined with threat assessment, (c) assessment of current complementary between in situ and ex situ conservation strategies, (d) reformulation of the conservation strategy through analysis of the differences between the pattern of natural, intrinsic diversity...
To effectively conserve and utilize species, the conservationist must be able to distinguish and ... more To effectively conserve and utilize species, the conservationist must be able to distinguish and identify them correctly. The process of specimen identification or determination involves two steps: the decision as to which taxon (e.g., genus, species or subspecies) the specimen represents and what the ―accepted‖ name for it is, if more than one name has been used for that taxon. The first step is achieved through some form of key or identification aid, while the second involves finding the accepted name for the taxon. Taxa are still primarily identified using single-access dichotomous keys, although multi-access keys and illustrations or photographs can be used. In this updated chapter on taxonomic identification, progress has been reviewed in six key areas: (1) botanical glossaries, (2) combining text and illustrations for identification, (3) interactive identification, (4) conservation field guides, (5) barcode identification and (6) accepted names. Although there have been advanc...
Tropical crops offer a broad range of situations that allow illustration of diverse approaches fo... more Tropical crops offer a broad range of situations that allow illustration of diverse approaches for enhancing genepool utilization. The actors for genetic improvement can be very different among crops, e.g. between food crops, for which genetic improvement is largely a continuous and distributed process, and plantation crops where improvement is formally organized and targeted; annual grain crops and vegetatively propagated crops evolve at different paces, in time and in space; diploid crops allow recurrent processes while complex-genome crops go through critical steps in a discontinuous process. This presentation will use examples developed at AGAP (http://umr-agap.cirad.fr/en) on sorghum, rice, groundnut, banana and sugarcane to illustrate the pervasiveness of the various topics that this conference is considering. Current experience leads us to discuss a more inclusive vision of crop diversity, the frontier between breeding and prebreeding as well as the management of crop genetic resources.
Wel come to Issue 6 of Landraces. Thanks to the funding awarded by the European Commission to the... more Wel come to Issue 6 of Landraces. Thanks to the funding awarded by the European Commission to the project 'Networking, partnerships and tools to enhance in situ conservation of European plant genetic resources' (short name 'Farmer's Pride') within the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, we are able to provide a further issue of this newsletter. As in the previous issues, 'Landraces' provides a medium to draw attention to information about the conservation, promotion and use of landraces in different contexts. This issue initially provides information concerning the progresses of the 'Farmer's Pride' project as regard landraces. The main achievements, thus far after nearly three years work, are the publication of Propagation Management Guidelines, a self-help guide for landrace maintenance on-farm, and of a Best Practice Evidence-Based Database tool that through practical examples illustrates the diverse means of landrace conservation and adding value to landrace products. However, like many projects currently progress has been partially stifled by the Covid 19 outbreak and the accompanying European lock down. By this stage we should have the planned "European network for in situ conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources" at least partially implemented with a few initial case study sites actively conserving unique landrace populations held on-farm. The Covid 19 and lock down have slowed progress, but we are actively encouraging farmers and landrace maintainer that manage diversity landrace populations to nominate their sites to join the Network. Anyone managing a landrace population can nominate a site and do so you simply complete the following survey: https://bham.onlinesurveys.ac.uk/farmers-pride-network-expressions-of-interest Hungary); O. Shoemark, S. Kell and N. Maxted (University of Birmingham, United Kingdom); А. Tabaković (Ministry of agriculture, forestry and water management, Serbia); V. Holubec (ECPGR national coordinator, Czech Republic); J.
Setting priority species for conservation planning in a large and biodiverse country such as Indo... more Setting priority species for conservation planning in a large and biodiverse country such as Indonesia is crucial. At least 80% of the medicinal plant species in South East Asia can be found in Indonesia, whether they are native or introduced. However, their conservation is currently ineffective due to limited human and financial resources. By examining factors such as species' occurrence status, rarity and part of the plant harvested, the various Indonesian medicinal plant species can be prioritised for conservation planning. In this study, various threatened plant species have been included in the priority list as well as those listed in related legislation. Some 233 species within 161 genera and 71 families are recommended for prioritisation. An inventory of these priority species was produced presenting compiled data including vernacular names, plant habit, harvested plant part, uses, distribution, whether it is conserved ex situ, and their DNA barcoding. Significantly 41.20...
Crop wild relatives (CWR) are important sources of adaptive diversity for plant breeding programm... more Crop wild relatives (CWR) are important sources of adaptive diversity for plant breeding programmes. This paper aims to investigate the extent to which the centres of crop origin/diversity are congruent with areas of high CWR diversity. We established the predicted potential CWR distributions for 1,425 CWR species related to 167 crops using 334,527 known distribution locations and generated a global CWR hotspot map. This was then compared to the centres of origin/diversity proposed by Vavilov (amended by Hawkes); Zeven and Zhukovsky’s mega gene centres, Harlan’s centres and non-centres of crop domestication; and crop domestication areas identified using current archaeological evidence proposed by Purugganan and Fuller. Greatest congruence between the global CWR hotspots and other concepts was found with the concept proposed by Vavilov and amended by Hawkes, but there remained significant differences between the CWR hotspots and Vavilov’s concept. This paper concludes that all four c...
The impact of climate change is causing challenges for the agricultural production and food syste... more The impact of climate change is causing challenges for the agricultural production and food systems. More nutritious and climate resilient crop varieties are required, but lack of available and accessible trait diversity is limiting crop improvement. Crop wild relatives (CWR) are the wild cousins of cultivated crops and a vast resource of genetic diversity for breeding new, higher yielding, climate change tolerant crop varieties, but they are under-conserved (particularly in situ), largely unavailable and therefore underutilized. Here we apply species distribution modelling, climate change projections and geographic analyses to 1261 CWR species from 167 major crop genepools to explore key geographical areas for CWR in situ conservation worldwide. We identify 150 sites where 65.7% of the CWR species identified can be conserved for future use.
Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization, 2019
Successful conservation strategies require that taxa are prioritized because resources for planni... more Successful conservation strategies require that taxa are prioritized because resources for planning and implementation are always limited. In this study, we created a partial checklist of crop wild relatives (CWR) that occur in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region and identified the taxa of highest priority for regional conservation planning based on their importance for food and economic security. We found that the region contains over 1900 wild relatives of species cultivated for food, beverages, ornamental, forage/fodder, forestry, medicinal, environmental and other uses. Prioritization of these species was based on two criteria: (i) the value of the related crop for human food and economic security in the region and/or globally, and (ii) the potential or known value of the wild relatives of those crops for crop improvement. The region contains 745 CWR species related to 64 human food and beverage crops that are of high socioeconomic importance and 100 of thes...
Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) are valuable sources of variation for the genetic improvement of crops.... more Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) are valuable sources of variation for the genetic improvement of crops. Mexico is an important center of diversity of crops and CWR. However, this diversity is threatened by the impacts of climate change, habitat degradation, increasing human population, among other factors. Given the large number of CWR, the creation of a CWR inventory is the starting point for the development of a national CWR conservation strategy. The process for the preparation of a national CWR inventory for Mexico consisted of: a) producing of a list of national crop species, b) match the crop genera with the list of national flora to produce a CWR checklist and c) prioritize the CWR checklist according to a series of selection criteria and using a ranking system. The selection criteria included the economic value of the related crop, potential for crop improvement, food intake, threat status, geographical distribution and crop use. Applying these criteria, 310 prioritized CWR taxa were selected, about 2% of the national CWR diversity, integrating the national CWR inventory. They are mostly related to food crops of national but also global importance, such as maize (Zea mays L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), squash (Cucurbita spp.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.). Approximately 31% of the taxa are endemic to Mexico. The inventory will help to develop in situ and ex situ conservation plans as part of a national CWR conservation strategy.
<p>This poster presents the largest global database devoted to store the occurrence registe... more <p>This poster presents the largest global database devoted to store the occurrence registers of crop wild relatives worldwide. The authors describe the multiple sources that were used as sources for such information, the curating process that this data undertook as an added value to the database and the botanical families that are largely represented in the database. This set of information is useful for researchers, students and conservation practitioners interested in the distributions, use and conservation of crop wild relatives. </p
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best ef... more Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Crop wild relatives and climate change / edited by Robert John Redden [and five others]. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index.
Humans require resilient, rapidly renewable and sustainable supplies of food and many other plant... more Humans require resilient, rapidly renewable and sustainable supplies of food and many other plant-derived supplies. However, the combined effects of climate change and population growth compromise the provision of these supplies particularly in respect to global food security. Crop wild relatives (CWR) contain higher genetic diversity than crops and harbour traits that can improve crop resilience and yield through plant breeding. However, in common with most countries, CWR are poorly conserved in England. There is currently no provision for long-term CWR conservation in situ, and comprehensive ex situ collection and storage of CWR is also lacking. However, there is a commitment to achieve their conservation in England's Biodiversity Strategy and the UK has international commitments to do so as part of the Global Plant Conservation Strategy. Here, we identify a series of measures that could enhance the conservation of English CWR, thereby supporting the achievement of these natio...
Crop wild relatives have a long history of use in potato breeding, particularly for pest and dise... more Crop wild relatives have a long history of use in potato breeding, particularly for pest and disease resistance, and are expected to be increasingly used in the search for tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Their current and future use in crop improvement depends on their availability in ex situ germplasm collections. As these plants are impacted in the wild by habitat destruction and climate change, actions to ensure their conservation ex situ become ever more urgent. We analyzed the state of ex situ conservation of 73 of the closest wild relatives of potato (Solanum section Petota) with the aim of establishing priorities for further collecting to fill important gaps in germplasm collections. A total of 32 species (43.8%), were assigned high priority for further collecting due to severe gaps in their ex situ collections. Such gaps are most pronounced in the geographic center of diversity of the wild relatives in Peru. A total of 20 and 18 species were assessed as medium and low priority for further collecting, respectively, with only three species determined to be sufficiently represented currently. Priorities for further collecting include: (i) species completely lacking representation in germplasm collections; (ii) other high priority taxa, with geographic emphasis on the center of species diversity; (iii) medium priority species. Such collecting efforts combined with further emphasis on improving ex situ conservation technologies and methods, performing genotypic and phenotypic characterization of wild relative diversity, monitoring wild populations in situ, and making conserved wild relatives and their associated data accessible to the global research community, represent key steps in ensuring the long-term availability of the wild genetic resources of this important crop.
An ecogeographical analysis of the V. narbonensis complex and V. bithynica was conducted using he... more An ecogeographical analysis of the V. narbonensis complex and V. bithynica was conducted using herbarium specimens and genebank accessions. 956 specimens were included in the study from 26 herbaria, with geographical and ecological data recorded for each specimen. A distribution map of each taxa was produced, and the geographical and ecological preferences of each taxa were analysed and discussed. The
Conservation of crop genetic resources presents a challenge of identifying specific determinantsd... more Conservation of crop genetic resources presents a challenge of identifying specific determinantsdriving maintenance of diversity at farm and agroecosystems. The objectives of this study were toidentify socioeconomic, market and agroecological determinants of farmers’ maintenance of ricediversity at the household level and derive implications for policies in designing on-farmconservation programs. We assess spatial rice diversity at farm level using household surveydata. A household decision making model is conceptualised using microeconomic theory to assessand identify factors influencing on-farm rice diversity. The model is then tested econometrically byusing various factors affecting farmers’ variety choice and diversity decisions. The findings showthat household-specific socioeconomic, agroecological and market factors are important indetermining on-farm rice diversity. The significant variables in explaining richness and evenness ofrice diversity include distance to the nearest ...
Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the "Content")... more Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the "Content") contained in the publications on our platform. Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Versions of published Taylor & Francis and Routledge Open articles and Taylor & Francis and Routledge Open Select articles posted to institutional or subject repositories or any other third-party website are without warranty from Taylor & Francis of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. Any opinions and views expressed in this article are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor & Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions It is essential that you check the license status of any given Open and Open Select article to confirm conditions of access and use.
Awareness of the need for biodiversity conservation is now universally accepted, but most often r... more Awareness of the need for biodiversity conservation is now universally accepted, but most often recent conservation activities have focused on wild species. Crop species and the diversity between and within them has significant socioeconomic as well as heritage value. The bulk of genetic diversity in domesticated species is located in traditional varieties maintained by traditional farming systems. These traditional varieties, commonly referred to as landraces, are severely threatened by genetic extinction primarily due to their replacement by modern genetically uniform varieties. The conservation of landrace diversity has been hindered in part by the lack of an accepted definition to define the entity universally recognized as landraces. Without a definition it would be impossible to prepare an inventory and without an inventory changes in landrace constituency could not be recognized over time. Therefore, based on a literature review, workshop discussion and interviews with key in...
This chapter discusses the efforts made by the Israeli Gene Bank for Agricultural Crops (IGB) and... more This chapter discusses the efforts made by the Israeli Gene Bank for Agricultural Crops (IGB) and the National Council for Research and Development (now the Ministry of Science, Culture and Sport) to conserve plant genetic resources in Israel. Emphasis is given on the management of national seed bank, small living collections and clonal nurseries and on the conservation of native plant species that are rare and in danger of extinction.
Gap analysis is a well-established conservation technique used by ecological conservationists to ... more Gap analysis is a well-established conservation technique used by ecological conservationists to identify areas in which selected elements of biodiversity are represented. Through comparison with existing in situ protected-area networks, it identifies habitats or ecosystems that need additional protection. However, the methodology has recently been adapted for application in the context of broader agro-biodiversity conservation, to encompass both in situ and ex situ strategies for conserving genetic diversity. The extended methodology involves the following steps: (a) circumscription of target taxon and target area, (b) assessment of natural diversity through a review of intrinsic taxonomic, genetic and ecogeographic diversity combined with threat assessment, (c) assessment of current complementary between in situ and ex situ conservation strategies, (d) reformulation of the conservation strategy through analysis of the differences between the pattern of natural, intrinsic diversity...
To effectively conserve and utilize species, the conservationist must be able to distinguish and ... more To effectively conserve and utilize species, the conservationist must be able to distinguish and identify them correctly. The process of specimen identification or determination involves two steps: the decision as to which taxon (e.g., genus, species or subspecies) the specimen represents and what the ―accepted‖ name for it is, if more than one name has been used for that taxon. The first step is achieved through some form of key or identification aid, while the second involves finding the accepted name for the taxon. Taxa are still primarily identified using single-access dichotomous keys, although multi-access keys and illustrations or photographs can be used. In this updated chapter on taxonomic identification, progress has been reviewed in six key areas: (1) botanical glossaries, (2) combining text and illustrations for identification, (3) interactive identification, (4) conservation field guides, (5) barcode identification and (6) accepted names. Although there have been advanc...
Tropical crops offer a broad range of situations that allow illustration of diverse approaches fo... more Tropical crops offer a broad range of situations that allow illustration of diverse approaches for enhancing genepool utilization. The actors for genetic improvement can be very different among crops, e.g. between food crops, for which genetic improvement is largely a continuous and distributed process, and plantation crops where improvement is formally organized and targeted; annual grain crops and vegetatively propagated crops evolve at different paces, in time and in space; diploid crops allow recurrent processes while complex-genome crops go through critical steps in a discontinuous process. This presentation will use examples developed at AGAP (http://umr-agap.cirad.fr/en) on sorghum, rice, groundnut, banana and sugarcane to illustrate the pervasiveness of the various topics that this conference is considering. Current experience leads us to discuss a more inclusive vision of crop diversity, the frontier between breeding and prebreeding as well as the management of crop genetic resources.
Wel come to Issue 6 of Landraces. Thanks to the funding awarded by the European Commission to the... more Wel come to Issue 6 of Landraces. Thanks to the funding awarded by the European Commission to the project 'Networking, partnerships and tools to enhance in situ conservation of European plant genetic resources' (short name 'Farmer's Pride') within the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, we are able to provide a further issue of this newsletter. As in the previous issues, 'Landraces' provides a medium to draw attention to information about the conservation, promotion and use of landraces in different contexts. This issue initially provides information concerning the progresses of the 'Farmer's Pride' project as regard landraces. The main achievements, thus far after nearly three years work, are the publication of Propagation Management Guidelines, a self-help guide for landrace maintenance on-farm, and of a Best Practice Evidence-Based Database tool that through practical examples illustrates the diverse means of landrace conservation and adding value to landrace products. However, like many projects currently progress has been partially stifled by the Covid 19 outbreak and the accompanying European lock down. By this stage we should have the planned "European network for in situ conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources" at least partially implemented with a few initial case study sites actively conserving unique landrace populations held on-farm. The Covid 19 and lock down have slowed progress, but we are actively encouraging farmers and landrace maintainer that manage diversity landrace populations to nominate their sites to join the Network. Anyone managing a landrace population can nominate a site and do so you simply complete the following survey: https://bham.onlinesurveys.ac.uk/farmers-pride-network-expressions-of-interest Hungary); O. Shoemark, S. Kell and N. Maxted (University of Birmingham, United Kingdom); А. Tabaković (Ministry of agriculture, forestry and water management, Serbia); V. Holubec (ECPGR national coordinator, Czech Republic); J.
Setting priority species for conservation planning in a large and biodiverse country such as Indo... more Setting priority species for conservation planning in a large and biodiverse country such as Indonesia is crucial. At least 80% of the medicinal plant species in South East Asia can be found in Indonesia, whether they are native or introduced. However, their conservation is currently ineffective due to limited human and financial resources. By examining factors such as species' occurrence status, rarity and part of the plant harvested, the various Indonesian medicinal plant species can be prioritised for conservation planning. In this study, various threatened plant species have been included in the priority list as well as those listed in related legislation. Some 233 species within 161 genera and 71 families are recommended for prioritisation. An inventory of these priority species was produced presenting compiled data including vernacular names, plant habit, harvested plant part, uses, distribution, whether it is conserved ex situ, and their DNA barcoding. Significantly 41.20...
Crop wild relatives (CWR) are important sources of adaptive diversity for plant breeding programm... more Crop wild relatives (CWR) are important sources of adaptive diversity for plant breeding programmes. This paper aims to investigate the extent to which the centres of crop origin/diversity are congruent with areas of high CWR diversity. We established the predicted potential CWR distributions for 1,425 CWR species related to 167 crops using 334,527 known distribution locations and generated a global CWR hotspot map. This was then compared to the centres of origin/diversity proposed by Vavilov (amended by Hawkes); Zeven and Zhukovsky’s mega gene centres, Harlan’s centres and non-centres of crop domestication; and crop domestication areas identified using current archaeological evidence proposed by Purugganan and Fuller. Greatest congruence between the global CWR hotspots and other concepts was found with the concept proposed by Vavilov and amended by Hawkes, but there remained significant differences between the CWR hotspots and Vavilov’s concept. This paper concludes that all four c...
The impact of climate change is causing challenges for the agricultural production and food syste... more The impact of climate change is causing challenges for the agricultural production and food systems. More nutritious and climate resilient crop varieties are required, but lack of available and accessible trait diversity is limiting crop improvement. Crop wild relatives (CWR) are the wild cousins of cultivated crops and a vast resource of genetic diversity for breeding new, higher yielding, climate change tolerant crop varieties, but they are under-conserved (particularly in situ), largely unavailable and therefore underutilized. Here we apply species distribution modelling, climate change projections and geographic analyses to 1261 CWR species from 167 major crop genepools to explore key geographical areas for CWR in situ conservation worldwide. We identify 150 sites where 65.7% of the CWR species identified can be conserved for future use.
Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization, 2019
Successful conservation strategies require that taxa are prioritized because resources for planni... more Successful conservation strategies require that taxa are prioritized because resources for planning and implementation are always limited. In this study, we created a partial checklist of crop wild relatives (CWR) that occur in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region and identified the taxa of highest priority for regional conservation planning based on their importance for food and economic security. We found that the region contains over 1900 wild relatives of species cultivated for food, beverages, ornamental, forage/fodder, forestry, medicinal, environmental and other uses. Prioritization of these species was based on two criteria: (i) the value of the related crop for human food and economic security in the region and/or globally, and (ii) the potential or known value of the wild relatives of those crops for crop improvement. The region contains 745 CWR species related to 64 human food and beverage crops that are of high socioeconomic importance and 100 of thes...
Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) are valuable sources of variation for the genetic improvement of crops.... more Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) are valuable sources of variation for the genetic improvement of crops. Mexico is an important center of diversity of crops and CWR. However, this diversity is threatened by the impacts of climate change, habitat degradation, increasing human population, among other factors. Given the large number of CWR, the creation of a CWR inventory is the starting point for the development of a national CWR conservation strategy. The process for the preparation of a national CWR inventory for Mexico consisted of: a) producing of a list of national crop species, b) match the crop genera with the list of national flora to produce a CWR checklist and c) prioritize the CWR checklist according to a series of selection criteria and using a ranking system. The selection criteria included the economic value of the related crop, potential for crop improvement, food intake, threat status, geographical distribution and crop use. Applying these criteria, 310 prioritized CWR taxa were selected, about 2% of the national CWR diversity, integrating the national CWR inventory. They are mostly related to food crops of national but also global importance, such as maize (Zea mays L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), squash (Cucurbita spp.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.). Approximately 31% of the taxa are endemic to Mexico. The inventory will help to develop in situ and ex situ conservation plans as part of a national CWR conservation strategy.
<p>This poster presents the largest global database devoted to store the occurrence registe... more <p>This poster presents the largest global database devoted to store the occurrence registers of crop wild relatives worldwide. The authors describe the multiple sources that were used as sources for such information, the curating process that this data undertook as an added value to the database and the botanical families that are largely represented in the database. This set of information is useful for researchers, students and conservation practitioners interested in the distributions, use and conservation of crop wild relatives. </p
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best ef... more Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Crop wild relatives and climate change / edited by Robert John Redden [and five others]. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index.
Humans require resilient, rapidly renewable and sustainable supplies of food and many other plant... more Humans require resilient, rapidly renewable and sustainable supplies of food and many other plant-derived supplies. However, the combined effects of climate change and population growth compromise the provision of these supplies particularly in respect to global food security. Crop wild relatives (CWR) contain higher genetic diversity than crops and harbour traits that can improve crop resilience and yield through plant breeding. However, in common with most countries, CWR are poorly conserved in England. There is currently no provision for long-term CWR conservation in situ, and comprehensive ex situ collection and storage of CWR is also lacking. However, there is a commitment to achieve their conservation in England's Biodiversity Strategy and the UK has international commitments to do so as part of the Global Plant Conservation Strategy. Here, we identify a series of measures that could enhance the conservation of English CWR, thereby supporting the achievement of these natio...
Crop wild relatives have a long history of use in potato breeding, particularly for pest and dise... more Crop wild relatives have a long history of use in potato breeding, particularly for pest and disease resistance, and are expected to be increasingly used in the search for tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Their current and future use in crop improvement depends on their availability in ex situ germplasm collections. As these plants are impacted in the wild by habitat destruction and climate change, actions to ensure their conservation ex situ become ever more urgent. We analyzed the state of ex situ conservation of 73 of the closest wild relatives of potato (Solanum section Petota) with the aim of establishing priorities for further collecting to fill important gaps in germplasm collections. A total of 32 species (43.8%), were assigned high priority for further collecting due to severe gaps in their ex situ collections. Such gaps are most pronounced in the geographic center of diversity of the wild relatives in Peru. A total of 20 and 18 species were assessed as medium and low priority for further collecting, respectively, with only three species determined to be sufficiently represented currently. Priorities for further collecting include: (i) species completely lacking representation in germplasm collections; (ii) other high priority taxa, with geographic emphasis on the center of species diversity; (iii) medium priority species. Such collecting efforts combined with further emphasis on improving ex situ conservation technologies and methods, performing genotypic and phenotypic characterization of wild relative diversity, monitoring wild populations in situ, and making conserved wild relatives and their associated data accessible to the global research community, represent key steps in ensuring the long-term availability of the wild genetic resources of this important crop.
An ecogeographical analysis of the V. narbonensis complex and V. bithynica was conducted using he... more An ecogeographical analysis of the V. narbonensis complex and V. bithynica was conducted using herbarium specimens and genebank accessions. 956 specimens were included in the study from 26 herbaria, with geographical and ecological data recorded for each specimen. A distribution map of each taxa was produced, and the geographical and ecological preferences of each taxa were analysed and discussed. The
Conservation of crop genetic resources presents a challenge of identifying specific determinantsd... more Conservation of crop genetic resources presents a challenge of identifying specific determinantsdriving maintenance of diversity at farm and agroecosystems. The objectives of this study were toidentify socioeconomic, market and agroecological determinants of farmers’ maintenance of ricediversity at the household level and derive implications for policies in designing on-farmconservation programs. We assess spatial rice diversity at farm level using household surveydata. A household decision making model is conceptualised using microeconomic theory to assessand identify factors influencing on-farm rice diversity. The model is then tested econometrically byusing various factors affecting farmers’ variety choice and diversity decisions. The findings showthat household-specific socioeconomic, agroecological and market factors are important indetermining on-farm rice diversity. The significant variables in explaining richness and evenness ofrice diversity include distance to the nearest ...
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Awareness of the need for biodiversity conservation is now universally accepted, but most often r... more Awareness of the need for biodiversity conservation is now universally accepted, but most often recent conservation activities have focused on wild species. Crop species and the diversity between and within them has significant socioeconomic as well as heritage value. The bulk of genetic diversity in domesticated species is located in traditional varieties maintained by traditional farming systems. These traditional varieties, commonly referred to as landraces, are severely threatened by genetic extinction primarily due to their replacement by modern genetically uniform varieties. The conservation of landrace diversity has been hindered in part by the lack of an accepted definition to define the entity universally recognized as landraces. Without a definition it would be impossible to prepare an inventory and without an inventory changes in landrace constituency could not be recognized over time. Therefore, based on a literature review, workshop discussion and interviews with key in...
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Papers by Nigel Maxted