Papers by Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin
In the rapid expanding activities of aquaculture, advancement in fish husbandry technologies is u... more In the rapid expanding activities of aquaculture, advancement in fish husbandry technologies is utmost important for sustainable productivity, the critical aspects is fish health management and disease prevention. To support this industry in maintaining global competitiveness, innovation in product formulation for fish health maintenance is the focus of the present research. The research ultimate aim is product development that supports commercially important fish production through improving fish health with cascading impact on the subsequent aquaculture determinants, environmentally-friendly feeds, more efficient feeding strategies to increase production efficiencies, decrease production cost from treatment expenses, improve product quality, and minimize environmental impact. The innovation in product formulation encompassed vaccine components and preparation for application in hatcheries or farms to protect fish from a serious and detrimental haemmorhagic disease, vibriosis. Subs...
The electrochemical analysis of ErBa2Cu3O7-δ (ErBCO) superconductor ceramic materials, adhered ab... more The electrochemical analysis of ErBa2Cu3O7-δ (ErBCO) superconductor ceramic materials, adhered abrasively at a glassy carbon electrode surface placed in an aqueous media has been investigated by abrasive stripping voltammetry, AbrSV technique. ErBCO samples were prepared via co-precipitation (COP) and solid state (SS) method. Powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed both samples to be single-phased 123 of an orthorhombic structure. Details studies on the reduction-oxidation of ErBCO involved the variation of scan rate, temperature and pH of electrolyte as well as chronoamperometry (CA) and chronocoulometry (CC). The voltammogram obtained for ErBCO prepared in both methods showed four major peaks attributed to first and second redox couples. The peaks are due to the redox reaction of Cu(NH3)42+ complex. The peak current is highly dependent upon the formation of the Cu(NH3)42+ complex which shows that the copper planes in the superconductor played major role in producing the pea...
Journal of The Chilean Chemical Society, 2011
This study aims to examine the ability of magnetic Қ-carrageenan beads as an adsorbent in solid p... more This study aims to examine the ability of magnetic Қ-carrageenan beads as an adsorbent in solid phase extraction towards chromium ions from aqueous solution. In this study, Қ-carrageenan magnetic gel-beads were obtained via interphase technique. The beads were kept in 0.3 M KCl to maintain gel strength. Physicochemical of the resulting materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and magnetometer. FTIR results have confirmed the presence of functional groups such as sulphate esters groups. The diameter of carrageenan beads was about ~764 μm where SEM micrographs showed the spherical formed shape of carrageenan beads and a rough surface with pores. The saturation magnetization value, M c , of carrageenan beads in this study was 18.78 EMU/g. The magnetic function of carrageenan beads is to facilitate bead collection and to get the Cr6+ ion that adsorbed onto the beads. The adsorption of chromium ions by magnetic ca...
The present exposition was designed to evaluate blood serum changes in tiger grouper, Epinephelus... more The present exposition was designed to evaluate blood serum changes in tiger grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus in response to changes in water temperature and salinity. Uniformly sized fingerlings were randomly distributed into different groups at fifteen fish per tank, in two replicates. Each group represented experimental fishes subjected to water temperatures of 18, 24, 28 and 30°C (control), and salinity of 10, 20 and 30 (control) ppt respectively. Replicate groups of fishes in each tank were exposed to these physiological stressors for 4 and 36 hours. At the end of experiment, blood samples were collected via caudal vein. The collected blood was centrifuged to obtain serum, andanalyzed for cortisol and glucose concentrations, using ELISA method. Results showed that decrease (to 28, 24 and 18°C) in water temperature from the control (30°C) and salinity from 30 ppt to 20 and 10 ppt for 4 and 36 hours influenced changes in the physical appearances (skin coloration) and behaviors ...
High temperature superconductors (HTSC) of microcrystalline ceramic material ErBa2Cu3O7-δ (ErBCO)... more High temperature superconductors (HTSC) of microcrystalline ceramic material ErBa2Cu3O7-δ (ErBCO) have been successfully synthesized via co-precipitation (COP) using metal acetate precursors, and conventional solid state method (SS). Comparisons were made on the superconducting properties and electrochemical behavior of ErBCO from both methods. Resistivity versus temperature measurements (R-T) showed that all samples exhibited very good metallic behavior. For the COP samples, the sintering temperature was varied from 920-950 °C with the best zero critical current, TC(R=0) = 91.4 K obtained for the sample sintered at 920oC. The TC(R=0) = 90.9 K was obtained for the SS sample sintered at the same temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed single phase samples of an orthorhombic structure. The formation of non superconducting phases (impurities) was observed when the COP samples were sintered above 920oC. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showed grains of size ≤ 40 nm were rand...
High temperature superconductors (HTSC) of microcrystalline ceramic material ErBa2Cu3O7-δ (ErBCO)... more High temperature superconductors (HTSC) of microcrystalline ceramic material ErBa2Cu3O7-δ (ErBCO) have been successfully synthesized via chemical co-precipitation (COP) using metal acetate precursors, and physical mixtures of oxides and carbonates, by conventional solid state route (SSR). The COP sample requires 27 hours for the heat treatment while the SSR sample needs 72 hours. We compare the superconducting properties of ErBCO produced from both methods. Resistivity versus temperature measurements (R-T) showed that all samples exhibit very good metallic behaviour. The transition temperature, TC(R=0) for the COP samples were was found to be at 91.4 K while it occurs at 90.9 K for the SSR sample sintered at 920°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed a single phase of an orthorhombic structure for all the samples. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showed grains of sizes ≤ 40μm were randomly distributed in all the highly compacted samples. However, the sample prepared via COP exhib...
Arabian Journal of Chemistry
Marine Drugs
Fucoxanthin is a major carotenoid in brown macroalgae and diatoms that possesses a broad spectrum... more Fucoxanthin is a major carotenoid in brown macroalgae and diatoms that possesses a broad spectrum of health benefits. This review evaluated the research trends of the fucoxanthin field from 1928 to June 2021 using the bibliometric method. The present findings unraveled that the fucoxanthin field has grown quickly in recent years with a total of 2080 publications. Japan was the most active country in producing fucoxanthin publications. Three Japan institutes were listed in the top ten productive institutions, with Hokkaido University being the most prominent institutional contributor in publishing fucoxanthin articles. The most relevant subject area on fucoxanthin was the agricultural and biological sciences category, while most fucoxanthin articles were published in Marine Drugs. A total of four research concepts emerged based on the bibliometric keywords analysis: “bioactivities”, “photosynthesis”, “optimization of process’’, and “environment”. The “bioactivities” of fucoxanthin wa...
Thin Solid Films
Phase formation of REBa2Cu3O7−δ (RE: Y0.5Gd0.5, Y0.5Nd0.5, Nd0.5Gd0.5) superconductors synthesise... more Phase formation of REBa2Cu3O7−δ (RE: Y0.5Gd0.5, Y0.5Nd0.5, Nd0.5Gd0.5) superconductors synthesised via co-precipitation (COP) method were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. All samples showed identical thermal decomposition behaviour from the thermogram in which 5 major weight losses were observed. However, XRD of the samples at different heat treatment temperatures showed different diffraction
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Seaweed has tremendous potentials as an alternative source of high-quality food products that hav... more Seaweed has tremendous potentials as an alternative source of high-quality food products that have attracted research in recent times, due to their abundance and diversity. In the present study, three selected seaweed species commonly found in the Malaysian Peninsular, Ulva intestinalis, Halimeda macroloba, and Sargassum ilicifolium, were subjected to preliminary chemical screening and evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities against five cancer cell lines. Chemical composition of U. intestinalis, H. macroloba, and S. ilicifolium methanolic extracts was evaluated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Our results revealed the highest total carotenoids (162.00 μg g−1 DW), chlorophyll a (313.09 ± 2.53 μg g−1 DW), and chlorophyll b (292.52 ± 8.84 μg g−1 DW) concentrations in U. intestinalis. In the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, S. ilicifolium demonstrated the lowest efficacy with an IC50 value of 38.491 ppm compared to other species of sea...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Technological advances, coupled with increasing demands by consumers, have led to a drastic incre... more Technological advances, coupled with increasing demands by consumers, have led to a drastic increase in plastic production. After serving their purposes, these plastics reach our water bodies as their destination and become ingested by aquatic organisms. This ubiquitous phenomenon has exposed humans to microplastics mostly through the consumption of sea food. This has led the World Health Organization (WHO) to make an urgent call for the assessment of environmental pollution due to microplastics and its effect on human health. This review summarizes studies between 1999 and 2020 in relation to microplastics in aquatic ecosystems and human food products, their potential toxic effects as elicited in animal studies, and policies on their use and disposal. There is a paucity of information on the toxicity mechanisms of microplastics in animal studies, and despite their documented presence in food products, no policy has been in place so far, to monitor and regulates microplastics in com...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Microplastics (MPs) have become pollutants of concern due to their unknown human health effect an... more Microplastics (MPs) have become pollutants of concern due to their unknown human health effect and negative impact on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. There is increasing number of experimental research on MPs globally with its effects not fully understood; recent animal studies explore its effects on the intestines, yet on other vital organs. Javanese medaka fish was exposed to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) beads for a period of 21 days. Histological alterations, intestinal oxidative stress, permeability and neurotoxicity were evaluated. Significant inflammatory changes and tissue damage were observed in the intestine, liver and kidney. Intestinal oxidative stress and permeability were found to be significantly increased. In the brain, neurotoxicity characterised by a significant induction of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme were elucidated. This study provided an insight into the multiple organ effect of microplastics e...
Molecules
Recent increased interest in seaweed is motivated by attention generated in their bioactive compo... more Recent increased interest in seaweed is motivated by attention generated in their bioactive components that have potential applications in the functional food and nutraceutical industries. In the present study, nutritional composition, metabolite profiles, phytochemical screening and physicochemical properties of freeze-dried brown seaweed, Sargassum polycystum were evaluated. Results showed that the S. polycystum had protein content of 8.65 ± 1.06%, lipid of 3.42 ± 0.01%, carbohydrate of 36.55 ± 1.09% and total dietary fibre content of 2.75 ± 0.58% on dry weight basis. The mineral content of S. polycystum including Na, K, Ca, Mg Fe, Se and Mn were 8876.45 ± 0.47, 1711.05 ± 0.07, 1079.75 ± 0.30, 213.85 ± 0.02, 277.6 ± 0.12, 4.70 ± 0.00 and 4.45 ± 0.00 mg 100/g DW, respectively. Total carotenoid, chlorophyll a and b content in S. polycystum were detected at 45.28 ± 1.77, 141.98 ± 1.18 and 111.29 µg/g respectively. The total amino acid content was 74.90 ± 1.45%. The study revealed var...
Cyanobacterial blooms involving Microcystis spp. often pose severe problems to the environment an... more Cyanobacterial blooms involving Microcystis spp. often pose severe problems to the environment and general community due to their persistent presence in eutrophic water bodies and potential to form blooms. Bacterial associations are known to alter microenvironment of Microcystis and potentially influence their development. This study aimed to study cultivable heterotrophic bacteria composition that developed symbiotically with Microcystis aeruginosa naturally as well as those cultured under defined media and their possible effects on the morphology and growth properties of the cyanobacterium. M. aeruginosa (UPMC-A0051) was isolated during a bloom from Putrajaya Lake, Malaysia and characterized as a non microcystin-producing cyanobacterium using PCR and chromatographic methods. Associated heterotrophic bacteria were then isolated and identified from the culture media as well as the lake where the cyanobacterium was originally isolated. A total of 16 bacterial species were isolated fr...
BioMed Research International
The aim of the present study was to extract and characterize bioactive components from separate b... more The aim of the present study was to extract and characterize bioactive components from separate body organs of Holothuria leucospilota. Preliminary qualitative assessment of the crude extracts was positive for phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, steroids, phlobatannins, and tannins in all body organs evaluated. Phenolics were the most abundant group of bioactives accounting for approximately 80%. The extraction solvent mixtures that yielded most compounds evaluated were methanol/acetone (3:1, v:v) and methanol/distilled water (3:1, v:v). In other analyses, GC-MS data revealed diverse metabolic and biologically active compounds, where those in high concentrations included 2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl- among the ketones; phenol- 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, a phenol group; and 2-Chlorooctane, a hydrocarbon. Among FA and their methyl/ethyl esters, n-hexadecanoic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid ethyl ester (arachidonic acid)...
High temperature superconductors (HTSC) of microcrystalline ceramic material ErBa2Cu3O7-δ (ErBCO)... more High temperature superconductors (HTSC) of microcrystalline ceramic material ErBa2Cu3O7-δ (ErBCO) have been successfully synthesized via chemical co-precipitation (COP) using metal acetate precursors, and physical mixtures of oxides and carbonates, by conventional solid state route (SSR). The COP sample requires 27 hours for the heat treatment while the SSR sample needs 72 hours. We compare the superconducting properties of ErBCO produced from both methods. Resistivity versus temperature measurements (R-T) showed that all samples exhibit very good metallic behaviour. The transition temperature, TC(R=0) for the COP samples were was found to be at 91.4 K while it occurs at 90.9 K for the SSR sample sintered at 920°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed a single phase of an orthorhombic structure for all the samples. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showed grains of sizes ≤ 40μm were randomly distributed in all the highly compacted samples. However, the sample prepared via COP exhib...
Int. J. Electrochem. Sci, 2012
The electrochemical analysis of ErBa2Cu3O7-δ (ErBCO) superconductor ceramic materials, adhered ab... more The electrochemical analysis of ErBa2Cu3O7-δ (ErBCO) superconductor ceramic materials, adhered abrasively at a glassy carbon electrode surface placed in an aqueous media has been investigated by abrasive stripping voltammetry, AbrSV technique. ErBCO samples were prepared via co-precipitation (COP) and solid state (SS) method. Powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed both samples to be single-phased 123 of an orthorhombic structure. Details studies on the reduction-oxidation of ErBCO involved the variation of ...
Journal of superconductivity and novel magnetism, Jul 1, 2011
The effect of heat treatment on the superconducting properties of ErBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ (ErBCO) cera... more The effect of heat treatment on the superconducting properties of ErBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ (ErBCO) ceramic materials has been studied. The nano-metal oxalate precursor was prepared using coprecipitation (COP) method. The prepared materials were subjected to calcination process at 900° C for 12 h and then sintered under oxygen environment for 15 h at 920° C, 930° C, 940° C, and 950° C, respectively. All samples showed a metallic behavior and single-step transition in the R–T curves. The best zero critical current, TC (R= 0)= 91.4 ...
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Papers by Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin