National Journal of Medical Research
National Journal of Medical Research (ISSN: 2277-8810) is a quarterly published peer-reviewed open access (CC-BY-SA) medical journal. It is dedicated to publishing high-quality research that advances our understanding of in field of medical sciences. Our mission is to provide a platform for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals to share their knowledge and insights with a global audience. Learn more about the journal's Aims & Scope. NJMR is indexed by DOAJ.
Aim and Scope of the Journal
The National Journal of Medical Research is a quarterly published peer-reviewed open access medical journal. It is dedicated to publishing high-quality research that advances our understanding of in field of medical sciences. Our mission is to provide a platform for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals to share their knowledge and insights with a global audience. We strive to promote transparency, integrity, and excellence in scientific publishing through rigorous peer-review and adherence to ethical standards.
Our medical journal covers a wide range of topics related to medical sciences, including but not limited to clinical research, basic science, laboratory science, clinical epidemiology, public health, and healthcare policy. We welcome original research, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, case reports, case series, and other types of manuscripts that advance our understanding of medical science, health, and disease. We encourage submissions that address important issues in medical care and have the potential to impact clinical practice, policy, and patient outcomes.
Official Website: www.njmr.in
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Aim and Scope of the Journal
The National Journal of Medical Research is a quarterly published peer-reviewed open access medical journal. It is dedicated to publishing high-quality research that advances our understanding of in field of medical sciences. Our mission is to provide a platform for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals to share their knowledge and insights with a global audience. We strive to promote transparency, integrity, and excellence in scientific publishing through rigorous peer-review and adherence to ethical standards.
Our medical journal covers a wide range of topics related to medical sciences, including but not limited to clinical research, basic science, laboratory science, clinical epidemiology, public health, and healthcare policy. We welcome original research, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, case reports, case series, and other types of manuscripts that advance our understanding of medical science, health, and disease. We encourage submissions that address important issues in medical care and have the potential to impact clinical practice, policy, and patient outcomes.
Official Website: www.njmr.in
Key Information: https://njmr.in/index.php/file/Key_Information
Author Guideline: https://njmr.in/index.php/file/author_guidelines
Submission: https://njmr.in/index.php/file/about/submissions
Contact Email: [email protected]
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Materials & Methods: A total of 150 students were included in the study. Each student was asked to prepare a subtopic, discuss internally with the students preparing same subtopic, and then taught the other students through seminars. At the end of these sessions, a questionnaire with likert scale was circulated to record the understanding of the topic in the students and their views on continuation of this technique for other important study topics.
Results: Students demonstrated proficiency in comprehending the subtopic assigned to them, but were not very successful in retaining the knowledge of topics taught to them by other students. The results also demonstrated that students were eager to engage in the jigsaw technique if supplemented with regular lectures of the syllabus.
Conclusion: Combining traditional lectures covering the entire topic and employing the jigsaw method can enhance students' comprehensive understanding of the material."
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, DMIMS, Wardha, India, involving 295 participants (130 males, 165 females) aged 18–30 years. Craniofacial measurements, including forehead length, bizygomatic width, and cephalic index, were obtained using calibrated instruments. Personality traits were assessed using the Big Five Personality Test. Data analysis included Pearson’s correlation and regression models, with p <0.05 considered significant.
Results: Significant gender differences were noted in craniofacial dimensions; males exhibited larger measurements in most parameters, while females had higher cephalic indices. Personality traits also varied, with females scoring higher in Agreeableness and males in Emotional Stability. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between specific craniofacial features and personality traits, such as Bizigomatic Width with Extraversion and Cranial Length with Intellect/Imagination.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates notable gender differences and significant correlations between craniofacial measurements and personality traits. These findings highlight potential interdisciplinary links between anatomy and psychology, warranting further research in diverse populations."
Method: An observational study was conducted from January 2023 to June 2024 at TS Misra Medical College and Hospital, involving 88 patients with RAS. Participants included 50 diabetic and 38 non-diabetic patients. Renal Doppler ultrasonography assessed resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) for evaluating renal vascular resistance. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0.
Result: Diabetic patients showed significantly higher RI and PI values com-pared to non-diabetics, with RI of 0.71 ± 0.06 vs. 0.62 ± 0.041 and PI of 1.41 ± 0.31 vs. 0.97 ± 0.21 (p<0.001). Renal dimensions also differed, with larger volumes and altered measurements in diabetics. Prevalence of RAS was noted to be higher in diabetics with hypertension.
Conclusion: Diabetes is associated with increased renal vascular resistance and altered renal hemodynamics. Early detection and management of RAS in diabetic patients are crucial for preventing progression to end-stage renal disease."
Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among pregnant women. Based on a reported prevalence of 62.6% from NFHS-5 data, a sample size of 239 was calculated. For simplicity and completeness, a total of 250 samples were included in the study. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling, and data were collected using a pretested proforma from Obstretic and Gynecology OPD. Descriptive statistics were applied to determine the prevalence and severity of anaemia, and statistical tests were conducted to assess associations.
Results: The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women was 78.8%. Moderate anaemia was observed in 66.5% of cases, mild anaemia in 28.9%, and severe anaemia in 4.6%. Significant associations were found between anaemia and factors such as education level, locality, social class, husband’s education, pregnancy interval, and complications in previous pregnancies.
Conclusions: A high prevalence of anaemia was observed among pregnant women, with multiple contributing factors identified. Comprehensive interventions, including counselling, screening, and health education, are recommend-ed to address and reduce the high burden of anaemia in this population."
Method: Conducted over one year at the Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, this study enrolled 157 patients diagnosed with AMI and CHF. Data collection included clinical assessments and laboratory investigations, with primary outcomes measuring hospital length of stay, in-hospital mortality, and read-mission rates. Statistical analyses were performed to identify significant associations.
Result: The average length of hospital stay was 10.5 ± 3.2 days, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 12.1%. Hypertension was significantly associated with mortality (p = 0.020), while the odds ratios indicated that patients with diabe-tes and chronic kidney disease had increased mortality risks. Notably, longer hospital stays correlated with in hospital mortality and readmissions (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: CHF significantly impacts hospital outcomes in AMI patients, with hypertension as a key factor for increased mortality. Targeted interventions for at-risk populations may improve patient care and outcomes."
Material and Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from December 2021 to January 2024. Fifty patients undergoing split skin graft surgery were assigned to either Group A (collagen sheet) or Group B (paraffin gauze). Outcomes such as pain, re-epithelialization, and infection were compared using descriptive statistics, chi-square, Fischer’s exact, and Student’s t-tests. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean age of Group A and Group B was 53.92 and 56.6 years, respectively. Pain scores were significantly lower in the collagen group (P<0.05). Epithelialization on day 10 was higher in the collagen group (85.2±5.09) com-pared to the conventional group (68.4±8). One patient in the conventional group had an infection, whereas none were observed in the collagen group.
Conclusion: Collagen sheet dressing in split skin grafting donor sites results in reduced pain, faster epithelialization, and lower infection rates."
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children of 3 to 5 years of age attending ICDS centres in urban Tirunelveli over a period of 2 months (2018). A sample size of 405 was chosen from 23 centres by stratified random sampling. The screening and clinical diagnosis of dermatoses was made. Descriptive statistical analysis was followed.
Results: A total of 405 children (204 boys & 201 girls) were screened and the prevalence of skin disorders was 8.14% (n=33). Infectious, non-infectious and nutritional deficiency disorders accounted for 2.46%, 4.7% and 0.98% respectively. Among infections and non-infectious dermatoses, pityriasis versicolor and papular urticaria was the commonest respectively.
Interpretation& conclusions: Infectious dermatoses were in low numbers compared to non-infectious dermatoses reflecting the non-contagious environment. Absence of nutritional dermatoses and good hygiene reflect the well programmed health services and nutritional support provided to children in this part of Tamil Nadu."
Methods: This study was conducted over a period of one year. Pre-transplant surveillance culture of stool and throat swabs along with antibiotic susceptibility were performed on seventy patients using standard laboratory guidelines. The organisms were phenotypically screened for drug resistance and molecular confirmation was done for carbapenemase producers. Bloodstream infections in these recipients were detected by blood culture.
Results: In 70 transplant recipients stool surveillance culture yielded maximum incidence of Escherichia coli of which 32.8% were MDRO. Throat surveillance culture yielded Escherichia coli with 51.8% MDRO. blaNDM was the most common carbapenemases gene detected. Post-transplant bloodstream infections seen in 32 recipients with Acinetobacter baumannii being the predominant.
Conclusion: Colonization with MDRO in HSCT recipients before transplant is a potential threat. Performing stool and throat surveillance cultures before trans-plantation can inform empirical antibiotic strategies and tailored individualized antibiotic treatment."
Material and Methods: The study used 54 mother-infant pairs. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer used for measuring arsenic in maternal blood. Based on the median value of arsenic content in maternal blood, samples were split into two groups: the arsenic-low and the arsenic-high group. Maternal age, gestational age, arsenic exposure history, neonatal data were compared be-tween two groups. Using qRT-PCR fold change in GLI3 expression was deter-mined.
Results: Many participants resided in arsenic-contaminated regions and consumed underground water. The arsenic high group had a considerably higher mean arsenic content. The arsenic high group had a considerably lower gestational age than the low group. Neonatal birth weight significantly reduced in arsenic high group. Neonatal birth length increased in arsenic high group in comparison to arsenic-low group. Exposure to arsenic significantly decreased the relative expression of GLI3.
Conclusion: Prenatal arsenic exposure via maternal blood reduces GLI3 expression and affects neonatal anthropometry."
Methods: Participants underwent HGS testing in both hands and had their BMI measured. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and HGS, with additional analysis to explore genderbased differences.
Results: The mean HGS was significantly higher in the dominant hand (36.41 kg) than in the non-dominant hand (34.03 kg, p = 0.05). In females, BMI correlated positively with dominant hand HGS (r = 0.245, p = 0.044) but not with the non-dominant hand. In males, BMI was strongly correlated with dominant hand HGS (r = 0.514, p < 0.001) and weakly correlated with the non-dominant hand (r = 0.284, p = 0.042).
Conclusion: BMI is associated with handgrip strength, primarily in the dominant hand, with notable gender differences. Males demonstrate stronger correlations across both hands, whereas females show a significant link only in the dominant hand."
Material & Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in two teaching hospitals in north India. A total of 1,520 patients with clinically diagnosed dermatophytosis were enrolled. Demographic data, clinical presentation, risk factors, and comorbidities were recorded. Scrapings from skin, nails, and hair were collected for direct microscopic examination. Patients were prescribed appropriate antifungal therapy and appropriately followed up.
Results: Tinea corporis was the most common clinical presentation (41.0%), followed by tinea cruris (31.0%) and tinea pedis (15.0%). Poor hygiene practices (31.0%), occlusive clothing (26.0%), and obesity (21.0%) were the most common risk factors. KOH mount had positivity rate of 80.0%. Complete resolution of lesions was achieved in 70.0% of patients, while recurrence rate within 12 weeks was 18.0%.
Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the clinico epidemiological profile of dermatophytosis in India. High prevalence and recurrence rates highlight the need for targeted prevention strategies and optimized treatment approaches. Further research is warranted to explore emerging trends and develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies."
Methods: A prospective, comparative study was conducted on 94 patients diagnosed with acute calculous cholecystitis. Patients were randomized into two groups: ELC (Group E), performed within 72 hours of symptom onset, and DLC (Group D), performed 6–12 weeks after initial conservative management. Data on demographic characteristics, clinical features, intraoperative findings, and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software, with significance set at p <0.05.
Results: ELC was associated with a shorter total hospital stay and reduced complications compared to DLC. However, the Group D showed a higher rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy and longer operative time. Both groups had similar rates of bile duct injuries and postoperative infections. No significant difference was observed in mortality between the two groups.
Conclusion: ELC is a safe and effective approach for acute calculous cholecystitis, offering benefits in reduced hospital stay and complications. DLC, while feasible, may lead to increased operative challenges and longer recovery times."
Case Presentation: A 45-year-old male gardener with no significant past medical history presented with acute dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Physical examination revealed respiratory distress and hypoxia. Imaging showed bilateral alveolar infiltrates and cavitary lesions. Sputum analysis identified Gram-positive branching filamentous bacteria, and Nocardia species were cultured. HIV test was negative.
Management: The patient was admitted to the ICU and treated with high-flow oxygen therapy and empirical antibiotics (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [TMP-SMX] and meropenem). Upon culture results, TMP-SMX was continued, and meropenem was discontinued. The patient showed significant improvement and was discharged on oral TMP-SMX for a six-month course.
Discussion: This case underscores the importance of considering pulmonary nocardiosis in acute respiratory failure, even in immunocompetent patients. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes.
Conclusion: Pulmonary nocardiosis can cause severe respiratory symptoms in otherwise healthy individuals. Prompt recognition and treatment are essential to manage this potentially life-threatening condition effectively.
Method: This cross-sectional study included 1521 school children aged 6 to 16 years in Western Uttar Pradesh. Comprehensive eye examinations were conducted, and VKC was diagnosed based on conjunctival and limbal papillae. A structured questionnaire collected data on socio-demographic factors, medical care access, and VKC's impact on daily life and school attendance. Descriptive statistics and Pearson chi-square tests were used for analysis.
Result: Of the participants, 242 (15.9%) had VKC, with a higher prevalence among boys (56.2%). Most cases were mild (66%), with 34% severe. Symptoms included itching, stinging, tearing, photophobia, and discharge. Severe VKC resulted in higher rates of constant eye rubbing and tear production. School absenteeism was significantly higher in severe cases (78%) compared to mild cases (47%) (P<0.001). Severe VKC also led to more frequent medical consultations (52% vs. 22%, P=0.01).
Conclusion: VKC significantly affects school attendance and medical care utilization among children in Western Uttar Pradesh. Improved management practices, better access to medical care, and enhanced support systems are essential for affected children and families.
Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a Medical College and Hospital in Kolkata, involving 80 symptomatic COVID-19 patients with SpO₂ ≤94%. Patients with liver, kidney, chronic inflammatory diseases, COPD, malignancy, or asthma were excluded.
Results: Out of 80 patients, 29 had moderate and 51 had severe illness. Statistically significant differences were observed in TLC, ESR, CRP, AST, ALT, A:G ratio, LDH, Fibrinogen, and D-Dimer between moderate and severe cases. The CTSI correlated significantly with TLC, NLR, CRP, AST, ALT, A:G ratio, LDH, Fibrinogen, and D-Dimer. CTSI values also differed significantly between moderate and severe COVID-19 cases.
Conclusion: Biochemical markers such as ESR, TLC, CRP, liver enzymes, LDH, D-Dimer, and Fibrinogen can help predict disease severity. These markers also correlate with radiological severity in COVID-19.
Methods: This prospective, randomized controlled trial enrolled 80 patients with distal ureteral stones <8 mm. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either Tamsulosin alone or Tamsulosin with Deflazacort for 28 days. Primary outcomes included stone expulsion rate and time, while secondary outcomes were pain reduction, analgesic use, and adverse effects.
Results: The combination therapy group showed a higher expulsion rate (85% vs. 70%) and significantly faster expulsion time (10.1 days vs. 13.9 days, p=0.006). Pain reduction was greater in the Deflazacort group, with fewer colic episodes and reduced analgesic requirements. Adverse effects were comparable between the groups, with no significant increase in major side effects in the combination therapy group.
Conclusion: The addition of low-dose Deflazacort to Tamsulosin significantly improves stone expulsion rates, reduces expulsion time, and lowers pain levels in patients with distal ureterolithiasis, without increasing major adverse effects. This combination may represent a superior treatment option in MET for distal ureteral stones.
Method: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted from June to September 2023 in the Department of Ophthalmology at a tertiary center in North India. A total of 264 AC patients aged 18 years and older with itchy eyes were included. Patients with contact lens use, recent ocular surgery, trauma, corneal pathology, or certain systemic diseases were excluded. DED was assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Schirmer’s test, and Tear Film Break-Up Time (TFBUT).
Results: DED was found in 70% of AC patients, with 20% mild, 19% moderate, and 32% severe cases. Females were more affected (64%). VKC patients showed higher tear production and better TFBUT scores. PAC patients had the most severe DED.
Conclusion: DED is common in AC patients, with PAC associated with more severe DED, while VKC shows milder symptoms. Tailored treatment approaches are needed for managing AC and DED.
Materials & Methods: A total of 150 students were included in the study. Each student was asked to prepare a subtopic, discuss internally with the students preparing same subtopic, and then taught the other students through seminars. At the end of these sessions, a questionnaire with likert scale was circulated to record the understanding of the topic in the students and their views on continuation of this technique for other important study topics.
Results: Students demonstrated proficiency in comprehending the subtopic assigned to them, but were not very successful in retaining the knowledge of topics taught to them by other students. The results also demonstrated that students were eager to engage in the jigsaw technique if supplemented with regular lectures of the syllabus.
Conclusion: Combining traditional lectures covering the entire topic and employing the jigsaw method can enhance students' comprehensive understanding of the material."
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, DMIMS, Wardha, India, involving 295 participants (130 males, 165 females) aged 18–30 years. Craniofacial measurements, including forehead length, bizygomatic width, and cephalic index, were obtained using calibrated instruments. Personality traits were assessed using the Big Five Personality Test. Data analysis included Pearson’s correlation and regression models, with p <0.05 considered significant.
Results: Significant gender differences were noted in craniofacial dimensions; males exhibited larger measurements in most parameters, while females had higher cephalic indices. Personality traits also varied, with females scoring higher in Agreeableness and males in Emotional Stability. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between specific craniofacial features and personality traits, such as Bizigomatic Width with Extraversion and Cranial Length with Intellect/Imagination.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates notable gender differences and significant correlations between craniofacial measurements and personality traits. These findings highlight potential interdisciplinary links between anatomy and psychology, warranting further research in diverse populations."
Method: An observational study was conducted from January 2023 to June 2024 at TS Misra Medical College and Hospital, involving 88 patients with RAS. Participants included 50 diabetic and 38 non-diabetic patients. Renal Doppler ultrasonography assessed resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) for evaluating renal vascular resistance. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0.
Result: Diabetic patients showed significantly higher RI and PI values com-pared to non-diabetics, with RI of 0.71 ± 0.06 vs. 0.62 ± 0.041 and PI of 1.41 ± 0.31 vs. 0.97 ± 0.21 (p<0.001). Renal dimensions also differed, with larger volumes and altered measurements in diabetics. Prevalence of RAS was noted to be higher in diabetics with hypertension.
Conclusion: Diabetes is associated with increased renal vascular resistance and altered renal hemodynamics. Early detection and management of RAS in diabetic patients are crucial for preventing progression to end-stage renal disease."
Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among pregnant women. Based on a reported prevalence of 62.6% from NFHS-5 data, a sample size of 239 was calculated. For simplicity and completeness, a total of 250 samples were included in the study. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling, and data were collected using a pretested proforma from Obstretic and Gynecology OPD. Descriptive statistics were applied to determine the prevalence and severity of anaemia, and statistical tests were conducted to assess associations.
Results: The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women was 78.8%. Moderate anaemia was observed in 66.5% of cases, mild anaemia in 28.9%, and severe anaemia in 4.6%. Significant associations were found between anaemia and factors such as education level, locality, social class, husband’s education, pregnancy interval, and complications in previous pregnancies.
Conclusions: A high prevalence of anaemia was observed among pregnant women, with multiple contributing factors identified. Comprehensive interventions, including counselling, screening, and health education, are recommend-ed to address and reduce the high burden of anaemia in this population."
Method: Conducted over one year at the Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, this study enrolled 157 patients diagnosed with AMI and CHF. Data collection included clinical assessments and laboratory investigations, with primary outcomes measuring hospital length of stay, in-hospital mortality, and read-mission rates. Statistical analyses were performed to identify significant associations.
Result: The average length of hospital stay was 10.5 ± 3.2 days, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 12.1%. Hypertension was significantly associated with mortality (p = 0.020), while the odds ratios indicated that patients with diabe-tes and chronic kidney disease had increased mortality risks. Notably, longer hospital stays correlated with in hospital mortality and readmissions (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: CHF significantly impacts hospital outcomes in AMI patients, with hypertension as a key factor for increased mortality. Targeted interventions for at-risk populations may improve patient care and outcomes."
Material and Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from December 2021 to January 2024. Fifty patients undergoing split skin graft surgery were assigned to either Group A (collagen sheet) or Group B (paraffin gauze). Outcomes such as pain, re-epithelialization, and infection were compared using descriptive statistics, chi-square, Fischer’s exact, and Student’s t-tests. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean age of Group A and Group B was 53.92 and 56.6 years, respectively. Pain scores were significantly lower in the collagen group (P<0.05). Epithelialization on day 10 was higher in the collagen group (85.2±5.09) com-pared to the conventional group (68.4±8). One patient in the conventional group had an infection, whereas none were observed in the collagen group.
Conclusion: Collagen sheet dressing in split skin grafting donor sites results in reduced pain, faster epithelialization, and lower infection rates."
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children of 3 to 5 years of age attending ICDS centres in urban Tirunelveli over a period of 2 months (2018). A sample size of 405 was chosen from 23 centres by stratified random sampling. The screening and clinical diagnosis of dermatoses was made. Descriptive statistical analysis was followed.
Results: A total of 405 children (204 boys & 201 girls) were screened and the prevalence of skin disorders was 8.14% (n=33). Infectious, non-infectious and nutritional deficiency disorders accounted for 2.46%, 4.7% and 0.98% respectively. Among infections and non-infectious dermatoses, pityriasis versicolor and papular urticaria was the commonest respectively.
Interpretation& conclusions: Infectious dermatoses were in low numbers compared to non-infectious dermatoses reflecting the non-contagious environment. Absence of nutritional dermatoses and good hygiene reflect the well programmed health services and nutritional support provided to children in this part of Tamil Nadu."
Methods: This study was conducted over a period of one year. Pre-transplant surveillance culture of stool and throat swabs along with antibiotic susceptibility were performed on seventy patients using standard laboratory guidelines. The organisms were phenotypically screened for drug resistance and molecular confirmation was done for carbapenemase producers. Bloodstream infections in these recipients were detected by blood culture.
Results: In 70 transplant recipients stool surveillance culture yielded maximum incidence of Escherichia coli of which 32.8% were MDRO. Throat surveillance culture yielded Escherichia coli with 51.8% MDRO. blaNDM was the most common carbapenemases gene detected. Post-transplant bloodstream infections seen in 32 recipients with Acinetobacter baumannii being the predominant.
Conclusion: Colonization with MDRO in HSCT recipients before transplant is a potential threat. Performing stool and throat surveillance cultures before trans-plantation can inform empirical antibiotic strategies and tailored individualized antibiotic treatment."
Material and Methods: The study used 54 mother-infant pairs. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer used for measuring arsenic in maternal blood. Based on the median value of arsenic content in maternal blood, samples were split into two groups: the arsenic-low and the arsenic-high group. Maternal age, gestational age, arsenic exposure history, neonatal data were compared be-tween two groups. Using qRT-PCR fold change in GLI3 expression was deter-mined.
Results: Many participants resided in arsenic-contaminated regions and consumed underground water. The arsenic high group had a considerably higher mean arsenic content. The arsenic high group had a considerably lower gestational age than the low group. Neonatal birth weight significantly reduced in arsenic high group. Neonatal birth length increased in arsenic high group in comparison to arsenic-low group. Exposure to arsenic significantly decreased the relative expression of GLI3.
Conclusion: Prenatal arsenic exposure via maternal blood reduces GLI3 expression and affects neonatal anthropometry."
Methods: Participants underwent HGS testing in both hands and had their BMI measured. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and HGS, with additional analysis to explore genderbased differences.
Results: The mean HGS was significantly higher in the dominant hand (36.41 kg) than in the non-dominant hand (34.03 kg, p = 0.05). In females, BMI correlated positively with dominant hand HGS (r = 0.245, p = 0.044) but not with the non-dominant hand. In males, BMI was strongly correlated with dominant hand HGS (r = 0.514, p < 0.001) and weakly correlated with the non-dominant hand (r = 0.284, p = 0.042).
Conclusion: BMI is associated with handgrip strength, primarily in the dominant hand, with notable gender differences. Males demonstrate stronger correlations across both hands, whereas females show a significant link only in the dominant hand."
Material & Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in two teaching hospitals in north India. A total of 1,520 patients with clinically diagnosed dermatophytosis were enrolled. Demographic data, clinical presentation, risk factors, and comorbidities were recorded. Scrapings from skin, nails, and hair were collected for direct microscopic examination. Patients were prescribed appropriate antifungal therapy and appropriately followed up.
Results: Tinea corporis was the most common clinical presentation (41.0%), followed by tinea cruris (31.0%) and tinea pedis (15.0%). Poor hygiene practices (31.0%), occlusive clothing (26.0%), and obesity (21.0%) were the most common risk factors. KOH mount had positivity rate of 80.0%. Complete resolution of lesions was achieved in 70.0% of patients, while recurrence rate within 12 weeks was 18.0%.
Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the clinico epidemiological profile of dermatophytosis in India. High prevalence and recurrence rates highlight the need for targeted prevention strategies and optimized treatment approaches. Further research is warranted to explore emerging trends and develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies."
Methods: A prospective, comparative study was conducted on 94 patients diagnosed with acute calculous cholecystitis. Patients were randomized into two groups: ELC (Group E), performed within 72 hours of symptom onset, and DLC (Group D), performed 6–12 weeks after initial conservative management. Data on demographic characteristics, clinical features, intraoperative findings, and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software, with significance set at p <0.05.
Results: ELC was associated with a shorter total hospital stay and reduced complications compared to DLC. However, the Group D showed a higher rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy and longer operative time. Both groups had similar rates of bile duct injuries and postoperative infections. No significant difference was observed in mortality between the two groups.
Conclusion: ELC is a safe and effective approach for acute calculous cholecystitis, offering benefits in reduced hospital stay and complications. DLC, while feasible, may lead to increased operative challenges and longer recovery times."
Case Presentation: A 45-year-old male gardener with no significant past medical history presented with acute dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Physical examination revealed respiratory distress and hypoxia. Imaging showed bilateral alveolar infiltrates and cavitary lesions. Sputum analysis identified Gram-positive branching filamentous bacteria, and Nocardia species were cultured. HIV test was negative.
Management: The patient was admitted to the ICU and treated with high-flow oxygen therapy and empirical antibiotics (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [TMP-SMX] and meropenem). Upon culture results, TMP-SMX was continued, and meropenem was discontinued. The patient showed significant improvement and was discharged on oral TMP-SMX for a six-month course.
Discussion: This case underscores the importance of considering pulmonary nocardiosis in acute respiratory failure, even in immunocompetent patients. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes.
Conclusion: Pulmonary nocardiosis can cause severe respiratory symptoms in otherwise healthy individuals. Prompt recognition and treatment are essential to manage this potentially life-threatening condition effectively.
Method: This cross-sectional study included 1521 school children aged 6 to 16 years in Western Uttar Pradesh. Comprehensive eye examinations were conducted, and VKC was diagnosed based on conjunctival and limbal papillae. A structured questionnaire collected data on socio-demographic factors, medical care access, and VKC's impact on daily life and school attendance. Descriptive statistics and Pearson chi-square tests were used for analysis.
Result: Of the participants, 242 (15.9%) had VKC, with a higher prevalence among boys (56.2%). Most cases were mild (66%), with 34% severe. Symptoms included itching, stinging, tearing, photophobia, and discharge. Severe VKC resulted in higher rates of constant eye rubbing and tear production. School absenteeism was significantly higher in severe cases (78%) compared to mild cases (47%) (P<0.001). Severe VKC also led to more frequent medical consultations (52% vs. 22%, P=0.01).
Conclusion: VKC significantly affects school attendance and medical care utilization among children in Western Uttar Pradesh. Improved management practices, better access to medical care, and enhanced support systems are essential for affected children and families.
Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a Medical College and Hospital in Kolkata, involving 80 symptomatic COVID-19 patients with SpO₂ ≤94%. Patients with liver, kidney, chronic inflammatory diseases, COPD, malignancy, or asthma were excluded.
Results: Out of 80 patients, 29 had moderate and 51 had severe illness. Statistically significant differences were observed in TLC, ESR, CRP, AST, ALT, A:G ratio, LDH, Fibrinogen, and D-Dimer between moderate and severe cases. The CTSI correlated significantly with TLC, NLR, CRP, AST, ALT, A:G ratio, LDH, Fibrinogen, and D-Dimer. CTSI values also differed significantly between moderate and severe COVID-19 cases.
Conclusion: Biochemical markers such as ESR, TLC, CRP, liver enzymes, LDH, D-Dimer, and Fibrinogen can help predict disease severity. These markers also correlate with radiological severity in COVID-19.
Methods: This prospective, randomized controlled trial enrolled 80 patients with distal ureteral stones <8 mm. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either Tamsulosin alone or Tamsulosin with Deflazacort for 28 days. Primary outcomes included stone expulsion rate and time, while secondary outcomes were pain reduction, analgesic use, and adverse effects.
Results: The combination therapy group showed a higher expulsion rate (85% vs. 70%) and significantly faster expulsion time (10.1 days vs. 13.9 days, p=0.006). Pain reduction was greater in the Deflazacort group, with fewer colic episodes and reduced analgesic requirements. Adverse effects were comparable between the groups, with no significant increase in major side effects in the combination therapy group.
Conclusion: The addition of low-dose Deflazacort to Tamsulosin significantly improves stone expulsion rates, reduces expulsion time, and lowers pain levels in patients with distal ureterolithiasis, without increasing major adverse effects. This combination may represent a superior treatment option in MET for distal ureteral stones.
Method: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted from June to September 2023 in the Department of Ophthalmology at a tertiary center in North India. A total of 264 AC patients aged 18 years and older with itchy eyes were included. Patients with contact lens use, recent ocular surgery, trauma, corneal pathology, or certain systemic diseases were excluded. DED was assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Schirmer’s test, and Tear Film Break-Up Time (TFBUT).
Results: DED was found in 70% of AC patients, with 20% mild, 19% moderate, and 32% severe cases. Females were more affected (64%). VKC patients showed higher tear production and better TFBUT scores. PAC patients had the most severe DED.
Conclusion: DED is common in AC patients, with PAC associated with more severe DED, while VKC shows milder symptoms. Tailored treatment approaches are needed for managing AC and DED.