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Nasser Ali

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a Professor of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry in Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen and since 2013 he has been working in Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Baha University, KSA. He studied his BSc and M.Sc. in Germany (Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald) in the field of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. He studied his Ph.D. in Germany (EMA University, Greifswald), in the field of Pharmaceutical Biology (isolation and structure elucidation of bioactive compounds from Innontus hispidus and Innonotus obliquus). He supervised a number of master's and PhD-thesis in the area of chemistry and Biology of aromatic Medicinal plants

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Alessandro Cancian

Institute of Ismaili Studies

Alaa Al-Charrakh

University of Babylon

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

USAMV Cluj Napoca

Tadesse B Tafesse

Haramaya university

Dr.Safila Naveed

Jinnah University For Women

Sylvester Adejo (PhD) Associate Professor of Physical and Food Chemistry

Benue State University, Makurdi

Jinnah University For Women

Stjepan Pepeljnjak

Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb

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Papers by Nasser Ali

Composition of Essential Oil from Tagetes minuta and its Cytotoxic, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities

Natural Product Communications, 2014

The essential oil from the leaves of Tagetes minuta L., growing wild in Yemen, was obtained by hy... more The essential oil from the leaves of Tagetes minuta L., growing wild in Yemen, was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 28 compounds were identified representing 74.2% of total oil composition. Major components of the essential oil were ( Z)-ocimenone (15.9%), ( E)-ocimenone (34.8%), ( Z)-β-ocimene (8.3%), limonene (2.3%), ( Z)-tagetone (1.8%), dihydrotagetone (1.4%) and an unidentified dimethylvinylketone derivative (20.6%). The oil showed moderate cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast tumor cells, with an IC50 of 54.7 ± 6.2 μg/mL. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, T. minuta oil showed potent antiradical activity with an IC50 value of 36 μg/mL. Antimicrobial activity was also investigated on several microorganisms, and the essential oil exhibited high activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with an inhibition zone of 23 mm. It also exhibited remarkable antifungal activity against Candida alb...

Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial, Antiradical and Anticholinesterase activity of the Essential Oil of Pulicaria stephanocarpa from Soqotra

Natural Product Communications, 2012

The chemical composition of the hydrodistilled leaf essential oil from Pulicaria stephanocarpa Ba... more The chemical composition of the hydrodistilled leaf essential oil from Pulicaria stephanocarpa Balf Fil was determined by GC-MS analysis, and its antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticholinesterase (AChE) activities were evaluated. Eighty-three compounds were identified representing 97.2% of the total oil. ( E)-Caryophyllene 13.4%, ( E)-nerolidol 8.5%, caryophyllene oxide 8.5%, α-cadinol 8.2% spathulenol 6.8% and τ-cadinol 4.7%, were the main components. Antimicrobial activity of the oil, evaluated using the disc diffusion and broth dilution methods, demonstrated the highest susceptibility on Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans. The free radical scavenging ability of the oil was assessed by the DPPH assay to show antiradical activity with IC50 of 330 μg/mL. Moreover, the oil revealed an AChE inhibitory activity of 47% at a concentration of 200 μg/mL using Ellman's method.

Chemotypic Characterization and Biological Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis

Foods (Basel, Switzerland), Jan 5, 2017

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a popular herb in cooking, traditional healing, and aroma... more Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a popular herb in cooking, traditional healing, and aromatherapy. The essential oils of R. officinalis were obtained from plants growing in Victoria (Australia), Alabama (USA), Western Cape (South Africa), Kenya, Nepal, and Yemen. Chemical compositions of the rosemary oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as well as chiral gas chromatography. The oils were dominated by (+)-α-pinene (13.5%-37.7%), 1,8-cineole (16.1%-29.3%), (+)-verbenone (0.8%-16.9%), (-)-borneol (2.1%-6.9%), (-)-camphor (0.7%-7.0%), and racemic limonene (1.6%-4.4%). Hierarchical cluster analysis, based on the compositions of these essential oils in addition to 72 compositions reported in the literature, revealed at least five different chemotypes of rosemary oil. Antifungal, cytotoxicity, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity screenings were carried out, but showed only marginal activities.

Hierarchical cluster analysis and chemical characterisation of Myrtus communis L. essential oil from Yemen region and its antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-colorectal adenocarcinoma properties

Natural product research, Jan 9, 2017

The hydrodistilled essential oil obtained from the dried leaves of Myrtus communis, collected in ... more The hydrodistilled essential oil obtained from the dried leaves of Myrtus communis, collected in Yemen, was analysed by GC-MS. Forty-one compounds were identified, representing 96.3% of the total oil. The major constituents of essential oil were oxygenated monoterpenoids (87.1%), linalool (29.1%), 1,8-cineole (18.4%), α-terpineol (10.8%), geraniol (7.3%) and linalyl acetate (7.4%). The essential oil was assessed for its antimicrobial activity using a disc diffusion assay and resulted in moderate to potent antibacterial and antifungal activities targeting mainly Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The oil moderately reduced the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical (IC50 = 4.2 μL/mL or 4.1 mg/mL). In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation against HT29 (human colonic adenocarcinoma cells) showed that the essential oil exhibited a moderate antitumor effect with IC50 of 110 ± 4 μg/mL. Hierarchical cluster analysis of M. communis has been carried out based on the chemical comp...

Screening Of Traditionally Used Endemic Soqotraen Plants For Cytotoxic Activity

African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2008

Thirty extracts obtained from 10 endemic plant species belonging to 8 plant families used in the ... more Thirty extracts obtained from 10 endemic plant species belonging to 8 plant families used in the traditional medicine in Socotra have been tested for cytotoxic activity against FL-cells. Extracts of Eureiandra balfourii and Commiphora ornifolia showed the strongest activity against FL-cells with IC 50 < 10 µg/ml and 39.3 µg/ml respectively.

The Chemical Diversity of Lantana camara: Analyses of Essential Oil Samples from Cuba, Nepal, and Yemen

Chemistry & biodiversity, 2016

The aerial parts of Lantana camara L. were collected from three different geographical locations:... more The aerial parts of Lantana camara L. were collected from three different geographical locations: Artemisa (Cuba), Biratnagar (Nepal), and Sana'a (Yemen). The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A cluster analysis of 39 L. camara essential oil compositions revealed eight major chemotypes: β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, ar-curcumene/zingiberene, γ-curcumen-15-al/epi-β-bisabolol, (E)-nerolidol, davanone, eugenol/alloaromadendrene, and carvone. The sample from Cuba falls into the group dominated by (E)-nerolidol, the sample from Nepal is a davanone chemotype, and the sample from Yemen belongs to the β-caryophyllene chemotype. The chemical composition of L. camara oil plays a role in the biological activity; the β-caryophyllene and (E)-nerolidol chemotypes showed antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.

Nematicidal and antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts of seventeen plants, of importance in ethnopharmacology, obtained from the Arabian Peninsula

Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 2016

Aim/Background: The development of resistance to synthetic drugs by target organisms is a major c... more Aim/Background: The development of resistance to synthetic drugs by target organisms is a major challenge facing medicine, yet locked within plants are phytochemicals used in herbal medicine (especially in the Arabian Peninsula) that may find application in this regard. In pursuit of unlocking these "hidden treasures," the methanol extracts of leaves, aerial parts, fruits, and resins of 17 plants used in the Arabian Peninsula were screened for antimicrobial activities. Materials and Methods: The nematicidal, antibacterial, and antifungal activities were determined using appropriate assays. Steinernema feltiae, Staphylococcus carnosus, Escherichia coli, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used as test organisms. Concentrations of the extracts ranging from 0.5 to 20 mg/ml were tested and appropriate statistical tests performed on the data generated. Results: The results show that extracts from Solanum incanum, Chenopodium murale, Commiphora myrrha, Anthemis nobilis, and Achillea biebersteinii were the most active and had very high activities against two or more of the test organisms at low concentrations. Extracts of the leaves of S. incanum and resins of Ferula asafoetida were the most active nematicides, with significant activity at 0.5 mg/ml. Extracts of C. myrrha and C. murale had the most active antibacterial activity with inhibition zones of 12-15 mm and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2.5 mg/ml for both bacteria. Extracts of the leaves of A. biebersteinii were the most active fungicide, giving an MIC of 1.5 mg/ml. Conclusion: The results validate the use of these plants in ethnopharmacology, and open new vistas of opportunities for the development of cheap but effective agents that may be useful against infectious diseases.

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oil of Soqotran Pulicaria stephanocarpa Balf. f

Wood vinegar or pyroligneous liquid can be produced during the pyrolysis of biomass. Generally, t... more Wood vinegar or pyroligneous liquid can be produced during the pyrolysis of biomass. Generally, the dark brown colored wood vinegar contains acetic acid, methanol, propanoic acid, phenolic and carbonyl compounds. The major components of biomass are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin but during the thermochemical decomposition of different biomass produces wood vinegar with a different composition. Sugarcane bagasse and waste banana tree are two important agricultural wastes in Bangladesh. In this investigation, sugarcane bagasse and banana stem were pyrolysed under same pyrolytic conditions. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis was performed to identify the phenolic compounds and other ingredients present in sugarcane bagasse and banana stem based wood vinegar. Antifungal activities of the both samples were investigated. Among the four fungi, Trichoderma spp showed resistance against both wood vinegar samples. Significant activities were found against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium spp.

Pharmacological Activities of Basil Oil

Basil is a well-known aromatic plant used in the traditional medicine in many Asian, African, and... more Basil is a well-known aromatic plant used in the traditional medicine in many Asian, African, and South American countries for treatment of diseases. The therapeutic activity of basil is partly due to the presence of essential oils which possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects. In the present review, efforts have been made to sum up different aspects of scientific studies on the basil essential oil such as ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and mainly the pharmacological activities. In vitro and in vivo studies, for various pharmacological activities of the basil oil e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, muscle relexant, antiulcerogenic, mosquito repellent, protozoacidal, and nematicidal etc., have been demonstrated

Meriandera Plectranthus Paper

Inhibition of chemiluminescence response of human mononuclear cells and suppression of mitogen-induced proliferation of spleen lymphocytes of mice by hispolon and hispidin

Die Pharmazie, 1996

The effects of two phenolic compounds, hispolon and hispidin isolated from fruit bodies of the ba... more The effects of two phenolic compounds, hispolon and hispidin isolated from fruit bodies of the basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (Bull. ex Fr.) Karst, were investigated on the chemiluminescence response by LPS- or zymosan-activated human mononuclear cells (MNC) and on the concanavalin A-induced proliferation of spleen lymphocytes of mouse in vitro. Both compounds showed inhibitory activity in the chemiluminescence-test with an IC50 (the concentration of test compound causing 50% effect) ranging from 4.4 to 4.6 micrograms/ml (20.3 to 21.2 microM) for hispolon and < 0.1 to 1.5 micrograms/ml (from < 0.4 microM to 6.0 microM) for hispidin. Antiproliferative effects have been achieved in the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) by hispolon with an IC50 of 3.4 micrograms/ml (15.5 microM).

Chemical Composition of Essential oil from the Oleogum Resin ofCommiphora habessinica(Berg.) Engl. from Yemen

Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2009

The essential oil extracted from the oleogum resin of the Yemeni Commiphora habessinica (Berg.) E... more The essential oil extracted from the oleogum resin of the Yemeni Commiphora habessinica (Berg.) Engl. was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 13 constituents were identified. The major constituents were β-elemene (32.1 %), α-selinene (18.9 %), cadina-1,4-diene (7.5 %), germacrene B (3.6 %), α-copaene (3.5 %), t-muurolol (3.0 %) caryophyllene oxide (2.9 %) and α-cadinol (2.6 %).

Furanocoumarins from Dorstenia foetida

Phytochemistry, 2011

The linear furanocoumarins 5-(2,3-epoxy-3-methyl-butoxy)-chalepensin, 5-methoxy-3-(3-methyl-2,3-d... more The linear furanocoumarins 5-(2,3-epoxy-3-methyl-butoxy)-chalepensin, 5-methoxy-3-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydroxybutyl)-psoralen-diacetate (7), 5-methoxy-3-[3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-acetyloxy-3-methyl-butyl]-psoralen and 5-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydroxybutyloxy)-3-[3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyl]-psoralen, and the coumarin derivative 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-carboxymethyl-3-[3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyl]-coumarin were isolated from the leaves of Dorstenia foetida (Moraceae) along with the known compounds psoralen, bergapten, isopimpinellin, phellopterin, 5-methoxychalepensin and turbinatocoumarin. Further furanocoumarins were characterized by ESI-MS/MS investigations. The nonpolar extracts of D. foetida exhibit antifungal, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity, however, no anthelminthic activity.

Hispolon, a yellow pigment from Inonotus hispidus

Phytochemistry, 1996

Pergamon 00319422(95)007172 Phytochemistry, Wol. 41, No. 3, pp. 927 929. 1996 Copyright 1996 Else... more

Analysis of furanocoumarins from Yemenite Dorstenia species by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2012

A series of prevailing prenylated furanocoumarins from leaves of Dorstenia gigas and Dorstenia fo... more A series of prevailing prenylated furanocoumarins from leaves of Dorstenia gigas and Dorstenia foetida (Moraceae) were investigated by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The mass spectral behavior of the furanocoumarins under positive ion electrospray conditions is discussed using both an ion trap and a triple quadrupole system. It is demonstrated that both methods represent valuable tools not only for the rapid classification of this type of compounds, but also with respect to their substitution pattern.

Screening of Yemeni medicinal plants for antibacterial and cytotoxic activities

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2001

Ethanolic extracts of 20 selected plant species used by Yemeni traditional healers to treat infec... more Ethanolic extracts of 20 selected plant species used by Yemeni traditional healers to treat infectious diseases were screened for their antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as for cytotoxic activity. Fourteen of the ethanolic extracts showed variable degrees of antibacterial activity. The active ethanolic extracts were partitioned between ethyl acetate and water for a first separation. The ethyl acetate extract of Lawsonia inermis was found to be the most active one against all bacteria in the test system. Other promising results could be obtained from extracts of Aloe perryi, Indigofera oblongifolia, Meriandra benghalensis and Ziziphus spina christi. Additionally, the ethanolic extracts of the 20 plants under investigation were tested for their cytotoxic effects on FL-cells using the neutral red assay. Extracts of Calotropis procera, Chenopodium murale, Pulicaria orientalis, Tribulus terrestris and Withania somniferum displayed a remarkable activity.

Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antipyretic and antioxidant activities and phenolic constituents from Loranthus regularis Steud. ex Sprague

Food Chemistry, 2012

Loranthus regularis Steud. ex Sprague (Loranthaceae) aerial part is widely used for medicinal pur... more Loranthus regularis Steud. ex Sprague (Loranthaceae) aerial part is widely used for medicinal purposes. To evaluate its anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic activities, two concentrations of the extract and its fractions were tested in carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, hot-plate test model in mice and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in mice. The antioxidant power of the extract, its fractions and isolated compounds was studied using DPPH scavenging and b-carotene/linoleic acid tests. The ethyl acetate fraction of a methanol extract was found to be the most active fraction and exhibited the highest inhibition of inflammation (67%) and the highest inhibition of oxidation of b-carotene (92%). Bioassayguided fractionation of the ethyl acetate fraction was carried out and three flavonoid glycosides were isolated for the first time from this species: (1) quercetin 3-O-b-L-galactopyranoside, (2) quercetin 3-Ob-L-arabinopyranoside and (3) quercetin 3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside. The present results confirmed the traditional use of L. regularis and clearly indicate that the plant could be a potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent.

Antiviral activity of Inonotus hispidus

Fitoterapia, 2003

The antiviral activity of two phenolic compounds, hispolon and hispidin, isolated from the fruit ... more The antiviral activity of two phenolic compounds, hispolon and hispidin, isolated from the fruit bodies of the basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus as well as of some extracts prepared from fruit bodies and mycelial cultures of this fungus was investigated in allantois on the shell-test system. Ethanolic extracts, hispidin and hispolon showed considerable antiviral activity against influenza viruses type A and B.

Antiviral lanostanoid triterpenes from the fungus Ganoderma pfeifferi

Fitoterapia, 2003

Ganodermadiol, lucidadiol and applanoxidic acid G were isolated as first triterpenes from the Eur... more

Short Communication-SCREENING OF TRADITIONALLY USED ENDEMIC SOQOTRAEN PLANTS FOR CYTOTO-XIC ACTIVITY

African Journal of Traditional, …

Thirty extracts obtained from 10 endemic plant species belonging to 8 plant families used in the ... more Thirty extracts obtained from 10 endemic plant species belonging to 8 plant families used in the traditional medicine in Socotra have been tested for cytotoxic activity against FL-cells. Extracts of Eureiandra balfourii and Commiphora ornifolia showed the strongest activity against FL-cells with IC 50 < 10 µg/ml and 39.3 µg/ml respectively.

Composition of Essential Oil from Tagetes minuta and its Cytotoxic, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities

Natural Product Communications, 2014

The essential oil from the leaves of Tagetes minuta L., growing wild in Yemen, was obtained by hy... more The essential oil from the leaves of Tagetes minuta L., growing wild in Yemen, was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 28 compounds were identified representing 74.2% of total oil composition. Major components of the essential oil were ( Z)-ocimenone (15.9%), ( E)-ocimenone (34.8%), ( Z)-β-ocimene (8.3%), limonene (2.3%), ( Z)-tagetone (1.8%), dihydrotagetone (1.4%) and an unidentified dimethylvinylketone derivative (20.6%). The oil showed moderate cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast tumor cells, with an IC50 of 54.7 ± 6.2 μg/mL. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, T. minuta oil showed potent antiradical activity with an IC50 value of 36 μg/mL. Antimicrobial activity was also investigated on several microorganisms, and the essential oil exhibited high activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with an inhibition zone of 23 mm. It also exhibited remarkable antifungal activity against Candida alb...

Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial, Antiradical and Anticholinesterase activity of the Essential Oil of Pulicaria stephanocarpa from Soqotra

Natural Product Communications, 2012

The chemical composition of the hydrodistilled leaf essential oil from Pulicaria stephanocarpa Ba... more The chemical composition of the hydrodistilled leaf essential oil from Pulicaria stephanocarpa Balf Fil was determined by GC-MS analysis, and its antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticholinesterase (AChE) activities were evaluated. Eighty-three compounds were identified representing 97.2% of the total oil. ( E)-Caryophyllene 13.4%, ( E)-nerolidol 8.5%, caryophyllene oxide 8.5%, α-cadinol 8.2% spathulenol 6.8% and τ-cadinol 4.7%, were the main components. Antimicrobial activity of the oil, evaluated using the disc diffusion and broth dilution methods, demonstrated the highest susceptibility on Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans. The free radical scavenging ability of the oil was assessed by the DPPH assay to show antiradical activity with IC50 of 330 μg/mL. Moreover, the oil revealed an AChE inhibitory activity of 47% at a concentration of 200 μg/mL using Ellman's method.

Chemotypic Characterization and Biological Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis

Foods (Basel, Switzerland), Jan 5, 2017

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a popular herb in cooking, traditional healing, and aroma... more Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a popular herb in cooking, traditional healing, and aromatherapy. The essential oils of R. officinalis were obtained from plants growing in Victoria (Australia), Alabama (USA), Western Cape (South Africa), Kenya, Nepal, and Yemen. Chemical compositions of the rosemary oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as well as chiral gas chromatography. The oils were dominated by (+)-α-pinene (13.5%-37.7%), 1,8-cineole (16.1%-29.3%), (+)-verbenone (0.8%-16.9%), (-)-borneol (2.1%-6.9%), (-)-camphor (0.7%-7.0%), and racemic limonene (1.6%-4.4%). Hierarchical cluster analysis, based on the compositions of these essential oils in addition to 72 compositions reported in the literature, revealed at least five different chemotypes of rosemary oil. Antifungal, cytotoxicity, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity screenings were carried out, but showed only marginal activities.

Hierarchical cluster analysis and chemical characterisation of Myrtus communis L. essential oil from Yemen region and its antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-colorectal adenocarcinoma properties

Natural product research, Jan 9, 2017

The hydrodistilled essential oil obtained from the dried leaves of Myrtus communis, collected in ... more The hydrodistilled essential oil obtained from the dried leaves of Myrtus communis, collected in Yemen, was analysed by GC-MS. Forty-one compounds were identified, representing 96.3% of the total oil. The major constituents of essential oil were oxygenated monoterpenoids (87.1%), linalool (29.1%), 1,8-cineole (18.4%), α-terpineol (10.8%), geraniol (7.3%) and linalyl acetate (7.4%). The essential oil was assessed for its antimicrobial activity using a disc diffusion assay and resulted in moderate to potent antibacterial and antifungal activities targeting mainly Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The oil moderately reduced the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical (IC50 = 4.2 μL/mL or 4.1 mg/mL). In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation against HT29 (human colonic adenocarcinoma cells) showed that the essential oil exhibited a moderate antitumor effect with IC50 of 110 ± 4 μg/mL. Hierarchical cluster analysis of M. communis has been carried out based on the chemical comp...

Screening Of Traditionally Used Endemic Soqotraen Plants For Cytotoxic Activity

African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2008

Thirty extracts obtained from 10 endemic plant species belonging to 8 plant families used in the ... more Thirty extracts obtained from 10 endemic plant species belonging to 8 plant families used in the traditional medicine in Socotra have been tested for cytotoxic activity against FL-cells. Extracts of Eureiandra balfourii and Commiphora ornifolia showed the strongest activity against FL-cells with IC 50 < 10 µg/ml and 39.3 µg/ml respectively.

The Chemical Diversity of Lantana camara: Analyses of Essential Oil Samples from Cuba, Nepal, and Yemen

Chemistry & biodiversity, 2016

The aerial parts of Lantana camara L. were collected from three different geographical locations:... more The aerial parts of Lantana camara L. were collected from three different geographical locations: Artemisa (Cuba), Biratnagar (Nepal), and Sana'a (Yemen). The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A cluster analysis of 39 L. camara essential oil compositions revealed eight major chemotypes: β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, ar-curcumene/zingiberene, γ-curcumen-15-al/epi-β-bisabolol, (E)-nerolidol, davanone, eugenol/alloaromadendrene, and carvone. The sample from Cuba falls into the group dominated by (E)-nerolidol, the sample from Nepal is a davanone chemotype, and the sample from Yemen belongs to the β-caryophyllene chemotype. The chemical composition of L. camara oil plays a role in the biological activity; the β-caryophyllene and (E)-nerolidol chemotypes showed antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.

Nematicidal and antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts of seventeen plants, of importance in ethnopharmacology, obtained from the Arabian Peninsula

Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 2016

Aim/Background: The development of resistance to synthetic drugs by target organisms is a major c... more Aim/Background: The development of resistance to synthetic drugs by target organisms is a major challenge facing medicine, yet locked within plants are phytochemicals used in herbal medicine (especially in the Arabian Peninsula) that may find application in this regard. In pursuit of unlocking these "hidden treasures," the methanol extracts of leaves, aerial parts, fruits, and resins of 17 plants used in the Arabian Peninsula were screened for antimicrobial activities. Materials and Methods: The nematicidal, antibacterial, and antifungal activities were determined using appropriate assays. Steinernema feltiae, Staphylococcus carnosus, Escherichia coli, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used as test organisms. Concentrations of the extracts ranging from 0.5 to 20 mg/ml were tested and appropriate statistical tests performed on the data generated. Results: The results show that extracts from Solanum incanum, Chenopodium murale, Commiphora myrrha, Anthemis nobilis, and Achillea biebersteinii were the most active and had very high activities against two or more of the test organisms at low concentrations. Extracts of the leaves of S. incanum and resins of Ferula asafoetida were the most active nematicides, with significant activity at 0.5 mg/ml. Extracts of C. myrrha and C. murale had the most active antibacterial activity with inhibition zones of 12-15 mm and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2.5 mg/ml for both bacteria. Extracts of the leaves of A. biebersteinii were the most active fungicide, giving an MIC of 1.5 mg/ml. Conclusion: The results validate the use of these plants in ethnopharmacology, and open new vistas of opportunities for the development of cheap but effective agents that may be useful against infectious diseases.

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oil of Soqotran Pulicaria stephanocarpa Balf. f

Wood vinegar or pyroligneous liquid can be produced during the pyrolysis of biomass. Generally, t... more Wood vinegar or pyroligneous liquid can be produced during the pyrolysis of biomass. Generally, the dark brown colored wood vinegar contains acetic acid, methanol, propanoic acid, phenolic and carbonyl compounds. The major components of biomass are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin but during the thermochemical decomposition of different biomass produces wood vinegar with a different composition. Sugarcane bagasse and waste banana tree are two important agricultural wastes in Bangladesh. In this investigation, sugarcane bagasse and banana stem were pyrolysed under same pyrolytic conditions. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis was performed to identify the phenolic compounds and other ingredients present in sugarcane bagasse and banana stem based wood vinegar. Antifungal activities of the both samples were investigated. Among the four fungi, Trichoderma spp showed resistance against both wood vinegar samples. Significant activities were found against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium spp.

Pharmacological Activities of Basil Oil

Basil is a well-known aromatic plant used in the traditional medicine in many Asian, African, and... more Basil is a well-known aromatic plant used in the traditional medicine in many Asian, African, and South American countries for treatment of diseases. The therapeutic activity of basil is partly due to the presence of essential oils which possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects. In the present review, efforts have been made to sum up different aspects of scientific studies on the basil essential oil such as ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and mainly the pharmacological activities. In vitro and in vivo studies, for various pharmacological activities of the basil oil e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, muscle relexant, antiulcerogenic, mosquito repellent, protozoacidal, and nematicidal etc., have been demonstrated

Meriandera Plectranthus Paper

Inhibition of chemiluminescence response of human mononuclear cells and suppression of mitogen-induced proliferation of spleen lymphocytes of mice by hispolon and hispidin

Die Pharmazie, 1996

The effects of two phenolic compounds, hispolon and hispidin isolated from fruit bodies of the ba... more The effects of two phenolic compounds, hispolon and hispidin isolated from fruit bodies of the basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (Bull. ex Fr.) Karst, were investigated on the chemiluminescence response by LPS- or zymosan-activated human mononuclear cells (MNC) and on the concanavalin A-induced proliferation of spleen lymphocytes of mouse in vitro. Both compounds showed inhibitory activity in the chemiluminescence-test with an IC50 (the concentration of test compound causing 50% effect) ranging from 4.4 to 4.6 micrograms/ml (20.3 to 21.2 microM) for hispolon and < 0.1 to 1.5 micrograms/ml (from < 0.4 microM to 6.0 microM) for hispidin. Antiproliferative effects have been achieved in the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) by hispolon with an IC50 of 3.4 micrograms/ml (15.5 microM).

Chemical Composition of Essential oil from the Oleogum Resin ofCommiphora habessinica(Berg.) Engl. from Yemen

Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2009

The essential oil extracted from the oleogum resin of the Yemeni Commiphora habessinica (Berg.) E... more The essential oil extracted from the oleogum resin of the Yemeni Commiphora habessinica (Berg.) Engl. was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 13 constituents were identified. The major constituents were β-elemene (32.1 %), α-selinene (18.9 %), cadina-1,4-diene (7.5 %), germacrene B (3.6 %), α-copaene (3.5 %), t-muurolol (3.0 %) caryophyllene oxide (2.9 %) and α-cadinol (2.6 %).

Furanocoumarins from Dorstenia foetida

Phytochemistry, 2011

The linear furanocoumarins 5-(2,3-epoxy-3-methyl-butoxy)-chalepensin, 5-methoxy-3-(3-methyl-2,3-d... more The linear furanocoumarins 5-(2,3-epoxy-3-methyl-butoxy)-chalepensin, 5-methoxy-3-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydroxybutyl)-psoralen-diacetate (7), 5-methoxy-3-[3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-acetyloxy-3-methyl-butyl]-psoralen and 5-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydroxybutyloxy)-3-[3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyl]-psoralen, and the coumarin derivative 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-carboxymethyl-3-[3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyl]-coumarin were isolated from the leaves of Dorstenia foetida (Moraceae) along with the known compounds psoralen, bergapten, isopimpinellin, phellopterin, 5-methoxychalepensin and turbinatocoumarin. Further furanocoumarins were characterized by ESI-MS/MS investigations. The nonpolar extracts of D. foetida exhibit antifungal, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity, however, no anthelminthic activity.

Hispolon, a yellow pigment from Inonotus hispidus

Phytochemistry, 1996

Pergamon 00319422(95)007172 Phytochemistry, Wol. 41, No. 3, pp. 927 929. 1996 Copyright 1996 Else... more

Analysis of furanocoumarins from Yemenite Dorstenia species by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2012

A series of prevailing prenylated furanocoumarins from leaves of Dorstenia gigas and Dorstenia fo... more A series of prevailing prenylated furanocoumarins from leaves of Dorstenia gigas and Dorstenia foetida (Moraceae) were investigated by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The mass spectral behavior of the furanocoumarins under positive ion electrospray conditions is discussed using both an ion trap and a triple quadrupole system. It is demonstrated that both methods represent valuable tools not only for the rapid classification of this type of compounds, but also with respect to their substitution pattern.

Screening of Yemeni medicinal plants for antibacterial and cytotoxic activities

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2001

Ethanolic extracts of 20 selected plant species used by Yemeni traditional healers to treat infec... more Ethanolic extracts of 20 selected plant species used by Yemeni traditional healers to treat infectious diseases were screened for their antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as for cytotoxic activity. Fourteen of the ethanolic extracts showed variable degrees of antibacterial activity. The active ethanolic extracts were partitioned between ethyl acetate and water for a first separation. The ethyl acetate extract of Lawsonia inermis was found to be the most active one against all bacteria in the test system. Other promising results could be obtained from extracts of Aloe perryi, Indigofera oblongifolia, Meriandra benghalensis and Ziziphus spina christi. Additionally, the ethanolic extracts of the 20 plants under investigation were tested for their cytotoxic effects on FL-cells using the neutral red assay. Extracts of Calotropis procera, Chenopodium murale, Pulicaria orientalis, Tribulus terrestris and Withania somniferum displayed a remarkable activity.

Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antipyretic and antioxidant activities and phenolic constituents from Loranthus regularis Steud. ex Sprague

Food Chemistry, 2012

Loranthus regularis Steud. ex Sprague (Loranthaceae) aerial part is widely used for medicinal pur... more Loranthus regularis Steud. ex Sprague (Loranthaceae) aerial part is widely used for medicinal purposes. To evaluate its anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic activities, two concentrations of the extract and its fractions were tested in carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, hot-plate test model in mice and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in mice. The antioxidant power of the extract, its fractions and isolated compounds was studied using DPPH scavenging and b-carotene/linoleic acid tests. The ethyl acetate fraction of a methanol extract was found to be the most active fraction and exhibited the highest inhibition of inflammation (67%) and the highest inhibition of oxidation of b-carotene (92%). Bioassayguided fractionation of the ethyl acetate fraction was carried out and three flavonoid glycosides were isolated for the first time from this species: (1) quercetin 3-O-b-L-galactopyranoside, (2) quercetin 3-Ob-L-arabinopyranoside and (3) quercetin 3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside. The present results confirmed the traditional use of L. regularis and clearly indicate that the plant could be a potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent.

Antiviral activity of Inonotus hispidus

Fitoterapia, 2003

The antiviral activity of two phenolic compounds, hispolon and hispidin, isolated from the fruit ... more The antiviral activity of two phenolic compounds, hispolon and hispidin, isolated from the fruit bodies of the basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus as well as of some extracts prepared from fruit bodies and mycelial cultures of this fungus was investigated in allantois on the shell-test system. Ethanolic extracts, hispidin and hispolon showed considerable antiviral activity against influenza viruses type A and B.

Antiviral lanostanoid triterpenes from the fungus Ganoderma pfeifferi

Fitoterapia, 2003

Ganodermadiol, lucidadiol and applanoxidic acid G were isolated as first triterpenes from the Eur... more

Short Communication-SCREENING OF TRADITIONALLY USED ENDEMIC SOQOTRAEN PLANTS FOR CYTOTO-XIC ACTIVITY

African Journal of Traditional, …

Thirty extracts obtained from 10 endemic plant species belonging to 8 plant families used in the ... more Thirty extracts obtained from 10 endemic plant species belonging to 8 plant families used in the traditional medicine in Socotra have been tested for cytotoxic activity against FL-cells. Extracts of Eureiandra balfourii and Commiphora ornifolia showed the strongest activity against FL-cells with IC 50 < 10 µg/ml and 39.3 µg/ml respectively.