Naren Chitty

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David Seamon

Kansas State University

Pedro Serrano Gomes

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / French National Centre for Scientific Research

Robert M Yawson

Quinnipiac University

Berlin School of Mind and Brain Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

Humboldt Universität zu Berlin

Mustafa Duman

University of Usak

Gideon Kossoff

Carnegie Mellon University

nasha norlee

UPM - Universiti Putra Malaysia

Wendy Lynne Lee

Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania

Jose Mauro Nunes

UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Rio de Janeiro State University

EDUARD JUNCOSA BONET

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

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Papers by Naren Chitty

Soft power, civic virtue and world politics (section overview)

28 page(s

Introduction : states of construction

3 page(s

Australian Public Diplomacy

Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy, 2008

9 page(s

The cultural imperative: News production and soft power

The Routledge Handbook of Soft Power is the first volume to offer a comprehensive and detailed pi... more

Developing sustainability in telecommunication markets

Global media journal, 2006

10 page(s

China and the world: theatres of soft power

285 page(s

PR and artilects

T wenty-first Century public relations, in the age of Web 2 technology, is the art of developing,... more T wenty-first Century public relations, in the age of Web 2 technology, is the art of developing, retaining and transforming with participatory communities. More advanced technologies than Web 2 are in the offing, and are depicted by science fiction. A case in point is Tron, a movie in which Encom Corporation is controlled by an artilect, or artificial intelligence known as the Master Control Program (MCP). MCP, which evolved from a chess program and is a master strategist, decides to take over the Pentagon’s computer systems for reasons of efficiency. Users decide that it has to be destroyed. In science fiction films, almost invariably. Power hungry artilects are defeated. If nascent artilects wanted good public relations, Hollywood contributes to this by presenting scenarios of artilects running amok as both distant and reversible.

Advancing Australia through soft power: virtue & virtuosity

The Journal of International Communication, 2019

Migration is an important soft power effect in Australia. Many migrants are attracted to Australi... more Migration is an important soft power effect in Australia. Many migrants are attracted to Australia today because of the opportunity it would provide for a better life. Australia's political values, rule-of-law and economic and social conditions are among the attractions. Virtue as reposed in adherence to liberal values and virtuosity in crafting messages, cultural objects, events, programmes and laws are viewed as key soft power predicates. Yet there are instances where members of diasporic groups choose to support values of authoritarian countries of origin within the liberal Australian polity that are antithetical to Australian liberal democratic values. This soft power orationbased article addresses the seeming paradox of migrants presumably attracted by liberal values and benefits supporting values that are in sharp contrast. It suggests that research is required to understand diasporic communities relations with their states-of-origin, legitimate right and need to evolve to be Australians who are proud of their cultures-of-origin and how the Australian story could be better told in order that the virtues of liberalism become more evident to all migrants resident in Australia.

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Artificial Intelligence, Communication and Human Contentment

Journal of Content, Community and Communication, 2018

Content, communication and community are three words that may be examined in relation to the way ... more Content, communication and community are three words that may be examined in relation to the way they are ordered. What are the ontological relationships? Does community precede communication? Must there first be some form of content to communicate? Is it through communication that community arises and content is developed? These are tantalizing questions and ones that are difficult to answer-because we are born into community with content all around us. Even communication based on grunts and whistles is a tool or technology-an 'extension' of natural capabilities (Hall 1976). Over the millennia technology has become more and more important in our content production, distribution and storage. Machlup (2016) used these three terms in relation to knowledge. And is not content knowledge that is produced, distributed and stored?

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Artificial Intelligence, Soft Power and Social Transformation

Journal of Content, Community and Communication, 2018

Convergent technologies have created new venues for virtual social interaction and influence, bot... more Convergent technologies have created new venues for virtual social interaction and influence, both hard and soft power based. These new theatres of culture and conflict and marketplaces for constructs and products also host virtual agents of organizations and individuals. Technological convergence takes place within the current uneven global societal convergence and evolution of rules and rule that emerge through the interplay of propensities for hierarchy, hegemony and heteronomy, propensities identified in Onuf's constructivism. An overarching social construction that maybe characterized as a weak world confederacy (WC) with republican characteristics has emerged. Human and machine intelligence and kinetics continue to converge within and with the WC, which may be characterized as a growing 'cyber organization'-or system composed of human and social subsystems as well as subsystems of human constructs-ideological and technological. Looking into the future techno-social transformation may be projected to range between (1) a point where human mind (in its collective social expression as WC) is at the apex of the power hierarchy and (2) another where technology (in the form of a much-progressed technological singularity, no longer supported by human intelligence external to it) is at the apex. In between would be a range of Whole Brain Emulations (Ems) as described in Robin Hanson's The Age of Em: Work, Love and Life when Robots Rule the Earth. This article will discuss power and techno-biological convergence and employ a constructivist approach to analyze social order as projected in The Age of Em. It will also raise political-economic questions in the leadup to singularity, when Van Neumann machines will be available. It will normatively take the view that the republican values and virtues of the current world system should prevail in the shaping of any evolving WBE regime. It will call for the transfer of norms to ems and artilects as far into the future as possible. In the time ahead, the question of how human society might balance power with a power-oriented artilect might be our principal concern. Might this happen through interplay of hierarchy, hegemony and heteronomy continuing through phases of global cyber organization?

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The Routledge Handbook of Soft Power

The Routledge Handbook of Soft Power, 2016

The Routledge Handbook of Soft Power is the first volume to offer a comprehensive and detailed pi... more The Routledge Handbook of Soft Power is the first volume to offer a comprehensive and detailed picture of soft power and associated forms of public diplomacy. The terms soft power and public diplomacy have enormous currency in media and policy discourse, yet despite all the attention the terms remain conceptually ambiguous for analysts of international influence. The consequence is that the terms have survived as powerful, yet criticized, frames for influence. Divided into two main parts, Part I outlines theoretical problems, methodological questions, the cultural imperative and the technological turn within the study of soft power and Part II focuses on bringing the theory into practice through detailed discussion of key case studies from across the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Asia. This innovative handbook provides a definitive resource for students and scholars seeking to familiarize themselves with cutting-edge debates and future research on soft power and will be of interest to those studying and researching in areas such as international relations, public diplomacy and international communication.463 page(s

Environmental Steps in the Long March of World Politics

The International Journal of Climate Change: Impacts and Responses, 2012

Climate change has risen on the global agenda. It is not limited to the issue of escalating tempe... more Climate change has risen on the global agenda. It is not limited to the issue of escalating temperature; food and land security, natural disasters, the population problem and other critical issues are germane to it. Environmentally sustainable development needs an updated framework of international trade regulations, economic development model and consumption patterns. Climate change cannot be treated as a stand-alone issue; it has been drawn increasingly into the political and economic agenda. The emerging world order will be constructed under an environmental reality. The UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen in 2009 heralded a new reshuffling of the world order. As environmental issues revolve around common human interest, government efforts directed at environmental improvement are of great public concern. Media shifts their attention to policy making and policy on environmental issues, and environmental influences on governance. With media spotlights turned on environmental issues, on the world stage, there are opportunities for international actors to improve or reshape their image through accentuating their ‘green-ness’, in terms of environmental policies and actions. Image reformation and environmental diplomacy are two courses open to nation states, in the context of the contemporary global climate change discourse. The study focuses on Australian national newspapers’ framing of China’s environmental image at the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference, aiming to resolve two research questions employing framing analysis: 1) What is the environmental image of China that is portrayed by Australian national newspapers? 2) What can the environmental framing of China in the Australian national newspapers be decoded in a world political context?16 page(s

Broadening Public Diplomacy

The International Journal of the Humanities: Annual Review, 2008

... His Ph.D. in International Relations is from the School of International Service, American Un... more

Professor Anura Goonasekera

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 13216597 2002 9751937, Apr 4, 2012

Plurk politics—Micro-blogging is changing political communication in Taiwan

The use of social media in political communication has demonstrated its significance by the examp... more The use of social media in political communication has demonstrated its significance by the example of Arab Spring and the 2008 US presidential election, but its role in non-western democratic countries like Taiwan has rarely been examined. Micro-blogs share some characteristics with other types of social media but operate in a lighter way that has made it more and more popular among Internet users. Most researchers focus on the better-known Twitter, however, Plurk has found a niche and becomes the leading type of micro-blog in Taiwan and many politicians enjoy using it for political communication. This study seeks to answer the question “What patterns do Taiwanese politicians exhibit when utilizing Plurk?”. By combining Habermasian communicative action theory and Foot and Schneider’s Web Sphere, this research attempts to form a theoretical framework for micro-blogs. In-depth interviews were conducted with Taiwanese politicians at various levels and it was discovered that the broad pattern of political communication via Plurk may be characterised in Habermasian terms as strategic, through information broadcasting, public opinion formation, and political mobilization. In addition, this research shows that Taiwanese politicians use Plurk to gather information and ideas in exchanges which have dialogic elements.

Beijing temples and their social matrix – A GIS reconstruction of the 1912–1937 social scape

Annals of GIS, 2016

This paper reconstructs the spatial phenomena of Chinese temples in Beijing city during the Repub... more This paper reconstructs the spatial phenomena of Chinese temples in Beijing city during the Republican period (1912-1937). The research that informs the reconstruction is based on a Republican Beijing GIS data set that is focused on the transition of urban culture at that time. Spatial analytical methods based on GIS, including Standard Deviational Ellipse (SDE) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), are used to demonstrate the distribution and change of Chinese temples in the 1920s and 1930s, and explore their interactions with population, industry-commerce, guild and church patterns. Overall, the Chinese temples have declined slightly during the period. The relations between Chinese temples and the selected factors exhibit spatial non-stationary across the city. This study highlights the importance of employing spatial and quantitative methods to yield a better understanding of the religious culture in Republican Beijing. Beijing is one of the top-tier political capitals of the world. Uncovering its historical geography is important to an understanding of the resilience of religion in a time where some religious revival is evident.

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Configuring the future

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 13216597 2004 9751974, Apr 4, 2012

China and India - The case for systematic escalation of cooperation

India and China are neighboring civilizations of ancient lineage that have exchanged people, good... more India and China are neighboring civilizations of ancient lineage that have exchanged people, goods and ideas over time. They have entertained a mutual attraction for each other in terms of important aspects of values and culture. They have also quarreled about their borders and engaged in war on several occasions in their long history of proximity. In the 21st C their huge populations have propelled them to incipient superpower status. Recent studies have shown that while there is cooperation between the two countries, this is not of a high order. Realistic conflict theory informs us of the propensity of competition between contending parties to generating reciprocal enemy imagery. The perception of the other as an enemy can increase measures to maximize security thus further escalating the potential for conflict. On the other hand, the promotion of positive reciprocal imagery generated through cooperation will encourage such cooperation to spill-over into widening circles of activity. This essay advocates a systematic expansion of cooperation between the countries under the direction of a joint commission. Cooperation under this scheme could be conceived of as the generation of a soft power space for the two countries – based on their mutual attraction derived from shared values, culture and history.10 page(s

Third world entry into the electronic age

Telematics and Informatics, 1984

The leadership of Western nations in technology development, especially in telecommunications con... more The leadership of Western nations in technology development, especially in telecommunications continues to be strengthened. But where does the third world fit into this high-tech scenario. Many experts believe that Western communication technologies can allow developing countries to leapfrog over the industrial age. However, this article points out that unless third world countries can develop their own infrastructure, skills and knowledge base, competing with Western nations for them could become technological Blind Man's Bluff. Fritz Machlup, the economist, quotes Clark Kerr as saying that "knowledge has certainly never in history been so central to the conduct of an entire society" and that the "knowledge industry" may well "serve as the focal point for national growth" in the second half of this century, and that "the university is at the center of the knowledge process". ~ This article describes the investment of human resources and capital in knowledge production centers, such as universities, because we have discerned a causal connection between the production of certain kinds of knowledge, namely technology, and economic growth. The Arthur Clarke Center (ACC) or the Sri Lanka Center for Modern Technologies is designed to be such a knowledge production center which will play an important role in the economic growth of developing countries. Knowledge production costs money. The U.S. Federal Agency's total Research and Development budget for 1982 (actual) was $40,036.6 million. 2 The Vice President of the National Academy of Engineering, Dr. Ralph Landau, has claimed that "from one-third to one-half of the growth of the American economy from about 1870 to the present (i.e., roughly 100 years) has come from technological change; the rest was distributed between capital and human investment. However, over shorter time periods, the contribution of technological change has been much greater". 3 It is not just a coincidence that other advanced countries have also invested significantly in science and technology. Science itself, by discovering new truths about causality which replace old truths, provides the propositional knowledge base which permits the development of innovative procedural knowledge or technological knowhow. 4 The new technologies are "drawn from an entirely new scientific base which bears little resemblance to the science that engineers and scientists learned even three decades ago. Today, one deals with Mr Naren Chitty is presently Counsellor at the Sri Lankan Embassy in Washington, DC. He was formerly Consultant to the Ministry of State in Sri Lanka and was a member of the interministerial committee which formulated the Arthur Clarke Center project proposal.

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Introduction : Rivers of time, the flow of systems

3 page(s

Soft power, civic virtue and world politics (section overview)

28 page(s

Introduction : states of construction

3 page(s

Australian Public Diplomacy

Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy, 2008

9 page(s

The cultural imperative: News production and soft power

The Routledge Handbook of Soft Power is the first volume to offer a comprehensive and detailed pi... more