Background High HIV prevalence, and lack of organized screening for the indigent population recei... more Background High HIV prevalence, and lack of organized screening for the indigent population receiving care and treatment within HIV clinics in low-resource settings increases cervical cancer incidence. We sought to determine predictors of cervical precancer in women living with HIV and receiving cervical cancer screening in Jos, Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study of women living with HIV and receiving care and treatment in adult HIV/AIDS clinics in Jos-Metropolis, Nigeria between June 2020 and April 2023. Ethical approvals were obtained from the ethics committee in Jos, Nigeria and Northwestern University IRB, USA. Informed consent was obtained from eligible participants, and data on socio-demographics, cancer risk factors, and cytology reports were collected. The outcome variables were cervical precancer lesions. The independent variables were prior Pap smear status, sociodemographics, income, educational, and other reproductive health factors. Descriptive statistics was done to obtain means ± sd, frequencies, and percentages for the variables. Univariate and bivariate analyses were done to determine predictors of cervical dysplasia. Analyses were performed using R software. Results Of 957 women screened, 570 were living with HIV and 566 women had cytology report and were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 45.08 ± 8.89 years and 81.6% had no prior evidence of Pap test (under-screened). Prevalence of cervical dysplasia was 24% (mild and severe dysplasia were 12.9% and 11.1%, respectively). Age above 45 years (aOR = 3.48, p = 0.009), postmenopausal status (aOR = 7.69, p = 0.000), and women with no history of prior IUCD use (aOR = 5.94, p = 0.0001), were predictors for severe dysplasia. Women who had history of STI (aOR = 0.17, p = 0.000), prior use of IUCD (aOR = 0.32, p = 0.004), prior use of condom (aOR = 2.50, p = 0.003) and had co-morbidities (aOR = 0.46, p = 0.009) were more likely to have had a Pap test in the past. Conclusions The majority of indigent women receiving care at HIV clinics had their first Pap test screening, and lack of organized screening among older and post-menopausal women with HIV, puts women at a higher risk of developing severe cervical precancer lesions.
Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases, Oct 3, 2023
Background: Tuberculosis remains a major health problem in developing countries. The GeneXpert My... more Background: Tuberculosis remains a major health problem in developing countries. The GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance (MTB/RIF) assay is a new test in many communities in Nigeria that is revolutionizing Mycobacterium tuberculosis control by contributing to the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance at North-Central Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (NCTBRL) in Jos, North-Central Nigeria.
In the context of the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in West Africa, the declining incidence of HIV-2 e... more In the context of the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in West Africa, the declining incidence of HIV-2 elicits mixed feelings of victory and doubt. Previously, we published a systematic literature review which identified factors contributing to this declining trend but also raised concerns about its sustainability. The aim of this article is to caution against interpreting this trend as a triumph against HIV/AIDS in the region. This caution is deserved due to serious challenges in West Africa that require liberal attention. These include; inadequate diagnostic methods and algorithms for monitoring HIV-2, the possibility of dangerous genetic mutations and resurgence of super-strains, cross-reactivity of HIV types that interfere with accurate reporting of HIV-2 cases, and suboptimal/neglected treatment and care (S/NTC) for HIV-2 individuals. Additionally, gaps in surveillance infrastructure, health inequality in classifying HIV burdens based on HIV type, and deprived HIV-2 research and policy enforcement could create obscurity in HIV-2 data. Considering the existing circumstances, this article highlights the importance of vigilance, re-evaluation of assumptions, and advocacy for unified efforts to address the multidimensional problems associated with HIV-2 to guarantee the sustained integrity of public health.
Background: Intestinal parasitism is a public health problem in tropical countries. It is associa... more Background: Intestinal parasitism is a public health problem in tropical countries. It is associated with complications such as intestinal obstruction, mal-absorption, anemia, retarded growth, low cognitive skills and low participation among school aged children. Several prevalence studies have been done in different parts of the country. However, to the best of our knowledge, none has been reported from northeastern part of Nigeria. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasitism among primary school children in Wukari Local Government Area (L.G.A) of Taraba State-Nigeria. Methods: A total of 1123 fecal samples were randomly collected from five primary schools pupils and examined using the direct wet mount preparation and formol ether concentration method. Results: Four hundred and ten samples (410) had intestinal Abstract parasites with prevalence of 36.5%. The distribution of the parasites were as follows: Hookworm (26.5%), Entamoeba coli (19.1%), Iodaemoeba butschlii (9.6%), Entamoeba histolytica (6.6%), Teania species (2.2%), Giardia lamblia (2.0%), Hymenolepis nana (1%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (0.8%), Trichuris trichiura (0.3%), Schistosoma mansoni (0.3%), and Enterobius vermicularis (0.1%). Conclusion: The study highlights the prevalence of intestinal parasites among primary school children in the study area with an overall prevalence of 36.5%.
The literature suggests that West Africa is the epicenter of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 ... more The literature suggests that West Africa is the epicenter of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), with only sporadic cases occurring in other parts of the world. However, surveillance has shown that both the incidence and prevalence of HIV-2 infection are declining in West Africa. This systematic literature review identifies the factors influencing this decline. We generated secondary data from three selected electronic databases: PUBMED, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using a mix of keywords and MESH terms such as HIV-2, decline, incidence, and West Africa. Studies were selected if they reported data on the factors responsible for the decline in HIV-2 incidence in West Africa. This review identified eighteen (n=18) articles published between 1994 and 2021 that met this requirement. Among the identified factors are the high mortality rate and loss to follow-up of HIV-2 patients, the pathogenicity of the HIV-2 virus, and the clinical picture of the disease depending on the sex of individuals.
Objectives: To assess risk factors for HPV infection, determine knowledge about HPV vaccines, ass... more Objectives: To assess risk factors for HPV infection, determine knowledge about HPV vaccines, assess willingness to receive the HPV vaccine among adolescent and early adult girls in Nigeria, we administered a structured questionnaire. We also collected samples to determine the prevalence and patterns of HPV infections. Data description: The dataset contains the responses of 205 participants from 10 randomly selected public and private secondary schools in Jos, Nigeria. The data includes information on risk factors for HPV infections such as sexual behaviours, knowledge about HPV vaccine and willingness to receive the vaccine. This is valuable information that can be compared to data from studies in other environments or to determine changes in the pattern of risk factors and HPV prevalence in this population over time.
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary infections (Pls) cause mortality in elderly patients that have comorbiditie... more BACKGROUND: Pulmonary infections (Pls) cause mortality in elderly patients that have comorbidities. These infections are life-threatening in the younger population, especially in infants and children. Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae occurring concurrently may lead to undiagnosed Streptococcus pneumoniae leading to inadequate treatment. Aim: The study investigates the co-infection and antimicrobial resistance profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae in Makurdi, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A total of 273 sputum samples were collected from patients with pulmonary infection attending chest clinics in tertiary health institutions in Makurdi and analysed. Genexpert was used for Mycobacterium tuberculosis while Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were identified using Gram-staining reaction, optochin and bile solubility tests. The susceptibility test for Streptococcus pneumoniae was performed using Kirby-Bauer method. Results: Out of the 273 sputum samples, the percentage occurrence of mono-infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 14(5.13%) while that with rifampicin resistance was 1(0.37%). The occurrence of mono-infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae was 11(4.03%). The resistance profile showed trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (septrin) with the highest resistance 6(54.55%) and vancomycin 5(45.45%) while amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone had zero resistance (0.0%). There was the occurrence of co-infections in 3(1.10%) out of the 273 patients sampled. There was no significant association (p > 0.05) between Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, their co-infections and the variables analyzed. Conclusion: The occurrence rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infections is low among suspected pulmonary infection cases with an occurrence rate of 1.10%. Early detection and proper management of co-infections are recommended.
A 8 week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of Toasted Mucu... more A 8 week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of Toasted Mucuna Seed Meal (TMSM) on the performance and egg qualities of Japanese quail layers. Four (4) isonitrogenous (20% cp) diets were formulated to contain toasted mucuna seed meal at 0, 5, 10 and 15%. Each of the dietary treatments was triplicated with 10 birds per replicate (making a total of 120 birds for the experiment) in a completely randomized design. The birds were offered feed and water ad libitum. The results showed that the quail layers fed up to 15% dietary levels of TMSM had percent hen-day and hen housed egg production, average feed intake, feed intake per egg production and feed intake per gram egg production values that were not statistically different (p>0.05) from those fed the 0% TMSM (control) diet. Albumen width and shell thickness were significantly (p<0.05) lowered by the increasing levels of TMSM, while egg circumference and all yolk parameters were not affected significantly (p>0.05). Dietary inclusion of TMSM at all levels reduced feed cost which was also reflected in feed cost per egg produced and feed cost per bird produced. Therefore the use of TMSM as a feed ingredient up to 15% level in quail layer diets is profitable, feasible and desirable.
Background High risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) have a causal role in cervical oncogenesis, ... more Background High risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) have a causal role in cervical oncogenesis, and HIV-mediated immune suppression allows HR-HPV to persist. We studied whether vaginal microbiome community state types (CSTs) are associated with high-grade precancer and/or invasive cervical cancer (HSIL/ICC). Methods This was a cross-sectional study of adult women with cervical cancer screening (CCS) at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) in Jos, Nigeria, between January 2020 and February 2022. Cervical swabs underwent HPV genotyping (Anyplex™ II HPV28). Cervico-vaginal lavage (CVL) sample was collected for 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We used multivariable logistic regression modelling to assess associations between CSTs and other factors associated with HSIL/ICC. Results We enrolled 155 eligible participants, 151 with microbiome data for this analysis. Women were median age 52 (IQR:43–58), 47.7% HIV positive, and 58.1% with HSIL/ICC. Of the 138 with HPV data, 40.6% ...
Background There are no accurate data regarding the real prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infe... more Background There are no accurate data regarding the real prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Spain. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of C. trachomatis infections and the risk factors for acquiring them among 1,048 young (15–24 years old) inhabitants of Laviana. Methods The study was completed in the period between 1st November 2010 and 31st December 2011. We conducted a capture strategy in the whole population, instead of only in a sample group, with a capture conducted in schools, in the local health centre, by post and by phone as a last resort. The design was based on the model used by Shafer to increase screening rates. C. trachomatis was identified by RT-PCR in urine samples. Results A total of 487 sexually active people underwent the test, which implies a response rate of 59.8% of the sexually active people (target population). The prevalence was 4.1% (CI 95%: 3.1-5.8): women: 4% ( CI 95%; 2.8-6.4) and men: 4.3% (CI 95%: 2.9-7.2). The circulating genotype w...
Purpose: Knowledge of the prevalence of HPV infection among adolescents is essential to determini... more Purpose: Knowledge of the prevalence of HPV infection among adolescents is essential to determining the best age for introduction of HPV vaccine, monitoring vaccine efficacy and giving insight into determinants of persistent high-risk HPV infection, a necessary cause of cervical cancer. Yet, there’s been limited studies in low-and-middle-income countries.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we randomly selected 205 girls, aged 9–20 years, from 10 schools. We obtained informed consent and assent, collected data and trained participants who self-collected vaginal samples using swab stick. We genotyped HPV using SPF10-DEIA/LiPA25 and analyzed data using Stata 14®.Results: The mean (SD) age of the girls was 14.9 (2.3) years. We found HPV in 13.2% of vaginal swabs. The earliest age at which anyHPV and hrHPV infections were detected was 10 and 12 years respectively. The prevalence of any HPV peaked at 16 and 17 years, hrHPV at 16 years, lrHPV at 17 and 18 years and multiple hrHPV 18 ye...
IntroductionThe willingness of Africa’s population to take the COVID-19 vaccines is critical to t... more IntroductionThe willingness of Africa’s population to take the COVID-19 vaccines is critical to the efficiency of national immunisation programmes. This study surveys the views of adult African inhabitants toward vaccination and the possibility of participating or not participating in governments’ efforts to get citizens vaccinated.MethodA cross-sectional online survey of adult Africans was undertaken from December 2020 to March 2021. Responses were anonymised. The Pearson Chi-square test was performed to determine whether or not there were any variations in knowledge, awareness, perception and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccines among the participants. Binomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccines and participate in immunisation programmes.ResultsThe results indicate that COVID-19 vaccines are more likely to be used by adult Africans over the age of 18 who are largely technologically savvy (55 percent) if the v...
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2019
Infections,Approaches to Eliminate Persistent Viruses, Early stage investigators are invited to s... more Infections,Approaches to Eliminate Persistent Viruses, Early stage investigators are invited to submit research abstracts for poster presentation-please share this opportunity with your faculty and colleagues.
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, Oct 4, 2010
Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 (HSV-2) is the primary cause of genital herpes and the... more Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 (HSV-2) is the primary cause of genital herpes and the most common cause of genital ulcer disease (GUD) worldwide. There is little information on the prevalence of HSV-2 in Nigeria. Specimens were collected from 162 volunteers attending Jos University Teaching Hospital and tested for HSV-2 antibodies using HSV-2 Type specific IgG EIA test kit (Globalemed LLC Alexandria VA, USA). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13.0. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant number. Out of the 162 individuals tested, 141 (87.0%) were HSV-2 positive. Infected individuals were more likely to be male than female (92.8% versus 86.4%; P > 0.05). There were high rates of infection in all age groups, and the prevalence increased with age. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HSV-2 prevalence was not significantly associated with increasing age, sex, marital status, occupation, educational status, and number of sex partners (P &...
Background: Group B Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) has been established as a normal flora of the ... more Background: Group B Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) has been established as a normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract from where it continually colonizes the vagina and serves as a potential cause of neonatal infections. This necessitated this study to determine the carriage rate among pregnant women. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the anogenital colonization and antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from women receiving health care at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH). Materials and Methodology: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study of 200 pregnant women and 100 non-pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) and Gynaecology clinic at the Jos University Teaching Hospital respectively, between July 2017 and November 2017. High vaginal and anorectal swabs were collected from the subjects. The specimens were cultured and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the GBS isolates determined. The results obtained wer...
Background: Concerns on the safety of polio vaccine in some parts of northern Nigeria that led to... more Background: Concerns on the safety of polio vaccine in some parts of northern Nigeria that led to the suspension of the immunization efforts in those parts of the country, informed our design of this prospective study. Objective: To determine polio-specific Immunoglobulin G antibodies among children (seven months -seven years) in Jos. Methods: Within the months of March and April 2007, One hundred and eighty two blood samples were collected from children in the Emergency Peadiatric Unit of the Jos University Teaching Hospital and tested for the presence of polio-specific IgG antibodies using Poliomye-litis IgG ELISA Test Kit produced and described by DEMEDITEC Diagnostic GmbH Germany. Results: One hundred and seventy eight percent (97.8%) of the tested children had detect-able antibodies against poliovirus. The study population had appreciable levels of protection against poliovirus. There was no significant association between the detection of the IgG in children in relation to gen...
Background High HIV prevalence, and lack of organized screening for the indigent population recei... more Background High HIV prevalence, and lack of organized screening for the indigent population receiving care and treatment within HIV clinics in low-resource settings increases cervical cancer incidence. We sought to determine predictors of cervical precancer in women living with HIV and receiving cervical cancer screening in Jos, Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study of women living with HIV and receiving care and treatment in adult HIV/AIDS clinics in Jos-Metropolis, Nigeria between June 2020 and April 2023. Ethical approvals were obtained from the ethics committee in Jos, Nigeria and Northwestern University IRB, USA. Informed consent was obtained from eligible participants, and data on socio-demographics, cancer risk factors, and cytology reports were collected. The outcome variables were cervical precancer lesions. The independent variables were prior Pap smear status, sociodemographics, income, educational, and other reproductive health factors. Descriptive statistics was done to obtain means ± sd, frequencies, and percentages for the variables. Univariate and bivariate analyses were done to determine predictors of cervical dysplasia. Analyses were performed using R software. Results Of 957 women screened, 570 were living with HIV and 566 women had cytology report and were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 45.08 ± 8.89 years and 81.6% had no prior evidence of Pap test (under-screened). Prevalence of cervical dysplasia was 24% (mild and severe dysplasia were 12.9% and 11.1%, respectively). Age above 45 years (aOR = 3.48, p = 0.009), postmenopausal status (aOR = 7.69, p = 0.000), and women with no history of prior IUCD use (aOR = 5.94, p = 0.0001), were predictors for severe dysplasia. Women who had history of STI (aOR = 0.17, p = 0.000), prior use of IUCD (aOR = 0.32, p = 0.004), prior use of condom (aOR = 2.50, p = 0.003) and had co-morbidities (aOR = 0.46, p = 0.009) were more likely to have had a Pap test in the past. Conclusions The majority of indigent women receiving care at HIV clinics had their first Pap test screening, and lack of organized screening among older and post-menopausal women with HIV, puts women at a higher risk of developing severe cervical precancer lesions.
Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases, Oct 3, 2023
Background: Tuberculosis remains a major health problem in developing countries. The GeneXpert My... more Background: Tuberculosis remains a major health problem in developing countries. The GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance (MTB/RIF) assay is a new test in many communities in Nigeria that is revolutionizing Mycobacterium tuberculosis control by contributing to the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance at North-Central Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (NCTBRL) in Jos, North-Central Nigeria.
In the context of the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in West Africa, the declining incidence of HIV-2 e... more In the context of the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in West Africa, the declining incidence of HIV-2 elicits mixed feelings of victory and doubt. Previously, we published a systematic literature review which identified factors contributing to this declining trend but also raised concerns about its sustainability. The aim of this article is to caution against interpreting this trend as a triumph against HIV/AIDS in the region. This caution is deserved due to serious challenges in West Africa that require liberal attention. These include; inadequate diagnostic methods and algorithms for monitoring HIV-2, the possibility of dangerous genetic mutations and resurgence of super-strains, cross-reactivity of HIV types that interfere with accurate reporting of HIV-2 cases, and suboptimal/neglected treatment and care (S/NTC) for HIV-2 individuals. Additionally, gaps in surveillance infrastructure, health inequality in classifying HIV burdens based on HIV type, and deprived HIV-2 research and policy enforcement could create obscurity in HIV-2 data. Considering the existing circumstances, this article highlights the importance of vigilance, re-evaluation of assumptions, and advocacy for unified efforts to address the multidimensional problems associated with HIV-2 to guarantee the sustained integrity of public health.
Background: Intestinal parasitism is a public health problem in tropical countries. It is associa... more Background: Intestinal parasitism is a public health problem in tropical countries. It is associated with complications such as intestinal obstruction, mal-absorption, anemia, retarded growth, low cognitive skills and low participation among school aged children. Several prevalence studies have been done in different parts of the country. However, to the best of our knowledge, none has been reported from northeastern part of Nigeria. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasitism among primary school children in Wukari Local Government Area (L.G.A) of Taraba State-Nigeria. Methods: A total of 1123 fecal samples were randomly collected from five primary schools pupils and examined using the direct wet mount preparation and formol ether concentration method. Results: Four hundred and ten samples (410) had intestinal Abstract parasites with prevalence of 36.5%. The distribution of the parasites were as follows: Hookworm (26.5%), Entamoeba coli (19.1%), Iodaemoeba butschlii (9.6%), Entamoeba histolytica (6.6%), Teania species (2.2%), Giardia lamblia (2.0%), Hymenolepis nana (1%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (0.8%), Trichuris trichiura (0.3%), Schistosoma mansoni (0.3%), and Enterobius vermicularis (0.1%). Conclusion: The study highlights the prevalence of intestinal parasites among primary school children in the study area with an overall prevalence of 36.5%.
The literature suggests that West Africa is the epicenter of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 ... more The literature suggests that West Africa is the epicenter of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), with only sporadic cases occurring in other parts of the world. However, surveillance has shown that both the incidence and prevalence of HIV-2 infection are declining in West Africa. This systematic literature review identifies the factors influencing this decline. We generated secondary data from three selected electronic databases: PUBMED, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using a mix of keywords and MESH terms such as HIV-2, decline, incidence, and West Africa. Studies were selected if they reported data on the factors responsible for the decline in HIV-2 incidence in West Africa. This review identified eighteen (n=18) articles published between 1994 and 2021 that met this requirement. Among the identified factors are the high mortality rate and loss to follow-up of HIV-2 patients, the pathogenicity of the HIV-2 virus, and the clinical picture of the disease depending on the sex of individuals.
Objectives: To assess risk factors for HPV infection, determine knowledge about HPV vaccines, ass... more Objectives: To assess risk factors for HPV infection, determine knowledge about HPV vaccines, assess willingness to receive the HPV vaccine among adolescent and early adult girls in Nigeria, we administered a structured questionnaire. We also collected samples to determine the prevalence and patterns of HPV infections. Data description: The dataset contains the responses of 205 participants from 10 randomly selected public and private secondary schools in Jos, Nigeria. The data includes information on risk factors for HPV infections such as sexual behaviours, knowledge about HPV vaccine and willingness to receive the vaccine. This is valuable information that can be compared to data from studies in other environments or to determine changes in the pattern of risk factors and HPV prevalence in this population over time.
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary infections (Pls) cause mortality in elderly patients that have comorbiditie... more BACKGROUND: Pulmonary infections (Pls) cause mortality in elderly patients that have comorbidities. These infections are life-threatening in the younger population, especially in infants and children. Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae occurring concurrently may lead to undiagnosed Streptococcus pneumoniae leading to inadequate treatment. Aim: The study investigates the co-infection and antimicrobial resistance profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae in Makurdi, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A total of 273 sputum samples were collected from patients with pulmonary infection attending chest clinics in tertiary health institutions in Makurdi and analysed. Genexpert was used for Mycobacterium tuberculosis while Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were identified using Gram-staining reaction, optochin and bile solubility tests. The susceptibility test for Streptococcus pneumoniae was performed using Kirby-Bauer method. Results: Out of the 273 sputum samples, the percentage occurrence of mono-infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 14(5.13%) while that with rifampicin resistance was 1(0.37%). The occurrence of mono-infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae was 11(4.03%). The resistance profile showed trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (septrin) with the highest resistance 6(54.55%) and vancomycin 5(45.45%) while amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone had zero resistance (0.0%). There was the occurrence of co-infections in 3(1.10%) out of the 273 patients sampled. There was no significant association (p > 0.05) between Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, their co-infections and the variables analyzed. Conclusion: The occurrence rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infections is low among suspected pulmonary infection cases with an occurrence rate of 1.10%. Early detection and proper management of co-infections are recommended.
A 8 week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of Toasted Mucu... more A 8 week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of Toasted Mucuna Seed Meal (TMSM) on the performance and egg qualities of Japanese quail layers. Four (4) isonitrogenous (20% cp) diets were formulated to contain toasted mucuna seed meal at 0, 5, 10 and 15%. Each of the dietary treatments was triplicated with 10 birds per replicate (making a total of 120 birds for the experiment) in a completely randomized design. The birds were offered feed and water ad libitum. The results showed that the quail layers fed up to 15% dietary levels of TMSM had percent hen-day and hen housed egg production, average feed intake, feed intake per egg production and feed intake per gram egg production values that were not statistically different (p>0.05) from those fed the 0% TMSM (control) diet. Albumen width and shell thickness were significantly (p<0.05) lowered by the increasing levels of TMSM, while egg circumference and all yolk parameters were not affected significantly (p>0.05). Dietary inclusion of TMSM at all levels reduced feed cost which was also reflected in feed cost per egg produced and feed cost per bird produced. Therefore the use of TMSM as a feed ingredient up to 15% level in quail layer diets is profitable, feasible and desirable.
Background High risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) have a causal role in cervical oncogenesis, ... more Background High risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) have a causal role in cervical oncogenesis, and HIV-mediated immune suppression allows HR-HPV to persist. We studied whether vaginal microbiome community state types (CSTs) are associated with high-grade precancer and/or invasive cervical cancer (HSIL/ICC). Methods This was a cross-sectional study of adult women with cervical cancer screening (CCS) at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) in Jos, Nigeria, between January 2020 and February 2022. Cervical swabs underwent HPV genotyping (Anyplex™ II HPV28). Cervico-vaginal lavage (CVL) sample was collected for 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We used multivariable logistic regression modelling to assess associations between CSTs and other factors associated with HSIL/ICC. Results We enrolled 155 eligible participants, 151 with microbiome data for this analysis. Women were median age 52 (IQR:43–58), 47.7% HIV positive, and 58.1% with HSIL/ICC. Of the 138 with HPV data, 40.6% ...
Background There are no accurate data regarding the real prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infe... more Background There are no accurate data regarding the real prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Spain. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of C. trachomatis infections and the risk factors for acquiring them among 1,048 young (15–24 years old) inhabitants of Laviana. Methods The study was completed in the period between 1st November 2010 and 31st December 2011. We conducted a capture strategy in the whole population, instead of only in a sample group, with a capture conducted in schools, in the local health centre, by post and by phone as a last resort. The design was based on the model used by Shafer to increase screening rates. C. trachomatis was identified by RT-PCR in urine samples. Results A total of 487 sexually active people underwent the test, which implies a response rate of 59.8% of the sexually active people (target population). The prevalence was 4.1% (CI 95%: 3.1-5.8): women: 4% ( CI 95%; 2.8-6.4) and men: 4.3% (CI 95%: 2.9-7.2). The circulating genotype w...
Purpose: Knowledge of the prevalence of HPV infection among adolescents is essential to determini... more Purpose: Knowledge of the prevalence of HPV infection among adolescents is essential to determining the best age for introduction of HPV vaccine, monitoring vaccine efficacy and giving insight into determinants of persistent high-risk HPV infection, a necessary cause of cervical cancer. Yet, there’s been limited studies in low-and-middle-income countries.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we randomly selected 205 girls, aged 9–20 years, from 10 schools. We obtained informed consent and assent, collected data and trained participants who self-collected vaginal samples using swab stick. We genotyped HPV using SPF10-DEIA/LiPA25 and analyzed data using Stata 14®.Results: The mean (SD) age of the girls was 14.9 (2.3) years. We found HPV in 13.2% of vaginal swabs. The earliest age at which anyHPV and hrHPV infections were detected was 10 and 12 years respectively. The prevalence of any HPV peaked at 16 and 17 years, hrHPV at 16 years, lrHPV at 17 and 18 years and multiple hrHPV 18 ye...
IntroductionThe willingness of Africa’s population to take the COVID-19 vaccines is critical to t... more IntroductionThe willingness of Africa’s population to take the COVID-19 vaccines is critical to the efficiency of national immunisation programmes. This study surveys the views of adult African inhabitants toward vaccination and the possibility of participating or not participating in governments’ efforts to get citizens vaccinated.MethodA cross-sectional online survey of adult Africans was undertaken from December 2020 to March 2021. Responses were anonymised. The Pearson Chi-square test was performed to determine whether or not there were any variations in knowledge, awareness, perception and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccines among the participants. Binomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccines and participate in immunisation programmes.ResultsThe results indicate that COVID-19 vaccines are more likely to be used by adult Africans over the age of 18 who are largely technologically savvy (55 percent) if the v...
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2019
Infections,Approaches to Eliminate Persistent Viruses, Early stage investigators are invited to s... more Infections,Approaches to Eliminate Persistent Viruses, Early stage investigators are invited to submit research abstracts for poster presentation-please share this opportunity with your faculty and colleagues.
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, Oct 4, 2010
Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 (HSV-2) is the primary cause of genital herpes and the... more Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 (HSV-2) is the primary cause of genital herpes and the most common cause of genital ulcer disease (GUD) worldwide. There is little information on the prevalence of HSV-2 in Nigeria. Specimens were collected from 162 volunteers attending Jos University Teaching Hospital and tested for HSV-2 antibodies using HSV-2 Type specific IgG EIA test kit (Globalemed LLC Alexandria VA, USA). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13.0. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant number. Out of the 162 individuals tested, 141 (87.0%) were HSV-2 positive. Infected individuals were more likely to be male than female (92.8% versus 86.4%; P > 0.05). There were high rates of infection in all age groups, and the prevalence increased with age. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HSV-2 prevalence was not significantly associated with increasing age, sex, marital status, occupation, educational status, and number of sex partners (P &...
Background: Group B Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) has been established as a normal flora of the ... more Background: Group B Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) has been established as a normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract from where it continually colonizes the vagina and serves as a potential cause of neonatal infections. This necessitated this study to determine the carriage rate among pregnant women. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the anogenital colonization and antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from women receiving health care at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH). Materials and Methodology: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study of 200 pregnant women and 100 non-pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) and Gynaecology clinic at the Jos University Teaching Hospital respectively, between July 2017 and November 2017. High vaginal and anorectal swabs were collected from the subjects. The specimens were cultured and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the GBS isolates determined. The results obtained wer...
Background: Concerns on the safety of polio vaccine in some parts of northern Nigeria that led to... more Background: Concerns on the safety of polio vaccine in some parts of northern Nigeria that led to the suspension of the immunization efforts in those parts of the country, informed our design of this prospective study. Objective: To determine polio-specific Immunoglobulin G antibodies among children (seven months -seven years) in Jos. Methods: Within the months of March and April 2007, One hundred and eighty two blood samples were collected from children in the Emergency Peadiatric Unit of the Jos University Teaching Hospital and tested for the presence of polio-specific IgG antibodies using Poliomye-litis IgG ELISA Test Kit produced and described by DEMEDITEC Diagnostic GmbH Germany. Results: One hundred and seventy eight percent (97.8%) of the tested children had detect-able antibodies against poliovirus. The study population had appreciable levels of protection against poliovirus. There was no significant association between the detection of the IgG in children in relation to gen...
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