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Nanomedicine Research Journal (NMRJ)

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Nanomedicine Research Journal (Abbreviation: Nanomed Res J), is an international, open access, peer-reviewed, electronic and print quarterly publication released by the Iranian Society of Nanomedicine (ISNM). NMRJ publishes original research articles, review papers, case reports and short communications covering a wide range of field-specific and interdisciplinary theoretical and experimental results related to applications of nanoscience and nanotechnology in medicine including, but not limited to, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, prediction and prevention of diseases, tissue engineering, nano bio-sensors, functionalized carriers and target drug delivery systems.
Phone: +9821-6612-2807
Address: Center of Sciences and Technology in Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital,Tehra,Iran.

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Papers by Nanomedicine Research Journal (NMRJ)

Fabrication and modeling of nanocomposites with bioceramic nanoparticles for rapid wound healing: An experimental and molecular dynamics investigation

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

In the present study, Fabrication and modeling of nanocomposites with bioceramic nanoparticles fo... more In the present study, Fabrication and modeling of nanocomposites with bioceramic nanoparticles for rapid wound healing with (0wt. %, 5wt. %, 10wt. %, 15wt. % NPs) were investigated. After the fabrication of nanocomposites using the freeze-drying technique, X-ray diffraction (XRD) test is performed to show the crystallinity of hydroxyapatite and titanium oxide. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests are performed to demonstrate the morphology of the structure, atomic force microscope (AFM) test is performed to show surface roughness and pores. Finally by placing nano scaffolds in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for 21 days, their weight and pH changes are measured. Then, by performing the tensile test, the results related to the tensile strength of the scaffolds are examined. In this paper, the sum of mechanical and physical laboratory results are compared with the results obtained by molecular dynamics simulation (MDs). The results show that with the increase of titanium nanoparticles, the physical and mechanical properties, as well as the healing properties of the wound dressing, have increased significantly. Also, the comparison of laboratory results and MDs results determine the accuracy of this method. Therefore fabricating these nanocomposites helps a lot for rapid wound healing.

Neuroprotective effects of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles coated with sumac on damaged sciatic nerve recovery

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Objective(s): Although damaged peripheral nerves have the ability to repair, axon regeneration pr... more Objective(s): Although damaged peripheral nerves have the ability to repair, axon regeneration proceeds slowly and often poor functional results are observed. Many methods are used to repair peripheral nerve lesions, but very few have demonstrated clinical success. Hence, the intention of the present study was to explore the regenerative outcomes of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles coated with sumac on rat sciatic nerve injury.<br />Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were separated into four groups: the sham group (surgery without damage to the nerve), the negative control (nerve compression without nanoparticle injection), the experimental group 1 (nerve compression given 10 mg/kg dose of drug), and the experimental group 2 (nerve compression given 20 mg/kg dose of drug). The sciatic nerve was then compressed one centimeter above the point where it splits into three branches, tissue and muscle sections were examined in addition to foot print and hot plate tests.<br />Results: When compared to the negative control group, the speed of recovery and restoration of sensory and motor neuron function was significantly faster in groups treated with cobalt ferrite nanoparticles coated with sumac. <br />Conclusions: Injection of cobalt ferrite nanoparticle coated with sumac increases the speed of repair of peripheral nerve damage in rats.

Norfloxacin Adsorption on the Surface of B12N12 and Al12N12 Nanoclusters: A Comparative DFT Study

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

A recent study conducted using density functional theory computations has shed light on the poten... more A recent study conducted using density functional theory computations has shed light on the potential use of B12N12 and Al12N12 nanoclusters as adsorbents and sensing materials for the removal and electrochemical detection of norfloxacin (NFX). The results of the study indicated that both B12N12 and Al12N12 nanoclusters are feasible options for the removal of NFX, with B12N12 being more suitable as an adsorbent and Al12N12 being a better option as a sensing material for electrochemical detection. The thermodynamic parameters of the study showed that NFX adsorption on B12N12 is a spontaneous, exothermic, and one-sided process, while its interaction with Al12N12 is thermodynamically possible, two-sided, and equilibrium. The calculated frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis also revealed that both nanoclusters experienced a decrease in bandgap, with Al12N12 experiencing a sharper decline, indicating its suitability as a sensing material. Furthermore, the study found that NFX adsorption on the surface of both nanoadsorbents is more favorable at lower temperatures. This finding provides valuable insights into the potential use of these nanoclusters in NFX removal and electrochemical detection.

Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using Melissa Officinalis L. Aqueous Extract: Optimization, Antioxidant Activity and In Vitro Cell Viability

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Gold nanoparticles possess attractive properties that make them valuable in medicine. Recently, g... more Gold nanoparticles possess attractive properties that make them valuable in medicine. Recently, green synthesis of nanoparticles has been a target of research due to its simplicity, safety, eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness. This study describes the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles via aqueous extract of Melissa officinalis L. (Mel). The various parameters affecting the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (pH, gold salt concentration, extract volume, temperature, and reaction time) were investigated and optimized. Ultraviolet–Visible spectrophotometry, Dynamic light scattering, Transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were applied to characterize synthesized gold nanoparticles (GNP-Mel). The antioxidant activity of Mel extract and GNP-Mel was performed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging test. The effect of GNP-Mel on cell viability of H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes was evaluated using Alamar blue assay. The results indicated uniform spherical-shaped gold nanoparticles with an average particle size of 8 nm and a zeta potential value of -31.7 mV, which demonstrates the high stability of GNP-Mel. The Mel extract and GNP-Mel showed the highest antioxidant activity with percentages of 77.69 ± 1.18% and 59.64 ± 1.29% at a maximum concentration (of 100 μg/ml), respectively, which can be compared with Vitamin C (89.34 ± 1.34%). Moreover, the result of Alamar blue assay represented a higher than 80% cell viability in the presence of 20, and 50 μg/ml of GNP-Mel and likewise, a higher than 50% cell viability in the presence of 100 and 170 μg/ml of GNP-Mel. Overall, the findings show that the green synthesized gold nanoparticles are appropriate candidates for biomedical applications.

Anti-cancerous effect and biological evaluation of green synthesized Selenium nanoparticles on MCF-7 breast cancer and HUVEC cell lines

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is a safe and cost-effective process for creating nanoparticles ... more Green synthesis of nanoparticles is a safe and cost-effective process for creating nanoparticles using extracts from different parts of plants, such as flowers, leaves, stems, and roots. In this research, Melissa Officinalis L. (MO) aqueous extract was used for the synthesis of Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) for the first time. These extracts contain flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids, which act as reducing agents in synthesizing nanoparticles. In this study, the extract serves both as a reducing agent and a capping agent during the fast and simple green synthesis of Selenium nanoparticles. The hydrodynamic size of the nanoparticles was investigated by using DLS. Further characterization of the shape and size of the nanoparticles was conducted through SEM and TEM studies. Moreover, the elemental composition of the NPs was identified through Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental analysis. Microscopy analysis results showed that the Se NPs had a spherical shape. Furthermore, the particle size was determined to be 65 nm and 34 nm via DLS and SEM studies, respectively. Additionally, the biological evaluation of Se NPs demonstrated a non-toxic effect on the Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) normal cell line and anticancer activity on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.

Exosomes derived from human dental stem cell enhance the viability of odontoblasts

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of exosomes derived from dental... more Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of exosomes derived from dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPSCs) on the viability of odontoblast cells.<br />Methods: Exosomes were extracted from human DPSC cells via ultracentrifugation. Scanning electron microscopy and western blot analysis for CD9 and CD81 demonstrated characteristics of exosomes. Developing odontoblasts were exposed to increasing concentrations of exosomes (10-400 ng/ml) over time periods of 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Cell viability was evaluated using MTT assays. In addition, real-time PCR was used to assess expression levels of Wnt, beta-catenin, PI3K, Akt, Bcl-2, and Bax in cells after 24-96 hours of exposure to 100 and 400 ng/ml exosomes.<br />Results: Odontoblast viability was found to be enhanced by DPSC-derived exosomes, with greater impacts at higher concentrations and time periods of 72-96 hours. Expression of PI3K, AKT, Wnt, beta-catenin, and Bcl-2 were notably upregulated in odontoblasts following 96 hours of DPSC-exosome treatment. Conversely, Bax expression was significantly downregulated. These findings suggest DPSC-exosomes promote odontoblast survival through modulated expression of genes involved in key survival pathways over extended exposure periods.<br />Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that exosomes derived from DPSC cells possess innate nanoparticle properties, leading to enhanced survival of odontoblast cells. This effect is achieved through the activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin and P3K/AKT signaling pathways, ultimately resulting in an increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio.

Electrodeposition of nano tin film on different substrates in a choline chloride–ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent containing boric acid

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

In recent years, Tin has been used in coating of medical and orthopedic instruments, probes, alig... more In recent years, Tin has been used in coating of medical and orthopedic instruments, probes, alignment devices, implants and surgical cutting tools. This study examines the electrodeposition of nano tin film on several substrates, including brass, copper, and mild steel, while using a ChCl: EG-based liquid which also contained boric acid. It was found that adding larger amounts of boric acid improved the conductivities of Sn electrolytes; when boric acid was introduced to them, the redox current peaks of Sn decreased with increasing concentrations of boric acid and displayed negative shifts in the deposition peak when performing cyclic voltammetry. SEM was involved to examine the morphologies of Sn deposits. Boric acid was found to improve the homogeneity of the morphologies of the deposited Sn films, leading to the formation of smooth Sn coatings, the associated roughness of which was determined to be 7.642 nm. The Sn deposits' crystal structure was investigated using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy.

The effect of ZrO2 NPs addition on denture adaptation and diametral compressive strength of 3D printed denture base resin

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Objective(s): The world of dentistry is constantly evolving, and with the advent of 3D printing t... more Objective(s): The world of dentistry is constantly evolving, and with the advent of 3D printing technology, the possibilities are endless. However, little is known about the effects of adding ZrO2 NPs to the denture base resin of 3D additive manufacturing technique.<br />Aim of this study is to evaluate the behavior of resin which is used to 3D printing of denture base with the addition of ZrO2 NPs on denture adaptation property and diametral compression strength.<br />Methods: 60 samples were printed, 30 disks for diametral compressive test and 30 denture base for denture adaptation test. Three groups per test (n=10). The control group for each test included unreinforced 3Dprinted denture base resin, and the other groups were reinforced with (2&3%) nanoZrO2; diametral compressive strength was evaluated using universal compressive testing machine, while denture adaptation was evaluated by exocad software program.<br />Results: the study reveals significant difference in both diametral compressive strength and denture adaptation of the 3Dprinted denture base resin after adding nanoZrO2, as denture adaptation increased; the mean of diametral compression was decreasing with 2%&3% percent of ZrO2 NPs.<br />Conclusions: addition of Zro2 NPs to 3D printed denture base resin may help in improving the material behavior as concerning mechanical and adaptation properties.

Encapsulation of Beta-lactam Antibiotic Amoxicillin in Chitosan-alginate Nanohydrogels to Improve Antibacterial Efficacy

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Nanotechnology offers several opportunities to improve conventional drugs to avoid issues that ph... more Nanotechnology offers several opportunities to improve conventional drugs to avoid issues that pharmaceutical industries are facing nowadays. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs have been found to be more readily soluble in mixed polymer nanohydrogels, which improves their solubility in solution. An attempt has been made in the present study to enhance the efficacy of beta-lactam antibiotics by making nanoformulation using mixed polymer nanohydrogels derived from natural polymers sodium alginate and chitosan. As a consequence, this formulation permitted amoxicillin (MOX) to be entrapped in alginate hydrogels and, in addition, chitosan-induced cationic charges on the surface of nanoparticles. Physicochemical characterizations and swelling properties, encapsulation efficiency, MOX release profile at different pH, and MTT assay to establish the toxicity of synthesized nanocomposite were investigated. There was a significant improvement in the effectiveness of the encapsulated drug amoxicillin against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli compared to the aqueous solution of the drug. It has been calculated that the encapsulation efficiency was approximately 64% by spectrophotometry, and antibiotic sensitivity tests in the presence of Gram-negative bacteria have shown that the encapsulated drug within nanohydrogels has superior antibacterial efficacy against them. This formulation with cationic surface charge may be a superior alternative to inactivate beta-lactam antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria than the standard medications available.

Current Advancements and Potential Applications of Nanocomposite Hydrogels in Dentistry: A Systematic Review

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Nanotechnology is applied in many scientific domains because it provides a variety of practical a... more Nanotechnology is applied in many scientific domains because it provides a variety of practical answers to scientific and medical problems. This systematic literature review using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) method to analyze nanocomposite hydrogels (NCHGs) in dentistry. Based on the results of a literature review study on 40 articles, NCHGs have the potential for antibacterial agents, tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, dental materials, etc. The present review aims to provide a depth analysis of NCHGs, impart on the recent advancement in the scope of dentistry, and discuss their applications. Understanding of the principles of NCHGs, their strengths and limitations as well as their specific benefits.

A new method for identifying methadone in urine samples by trapping it in dendrimer

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

This article used an accurate urine sample (US) from a person with daily use of methadone (MTD), ... more This article used an accurate urine sample (US) from a person with daily use of methadone (MTD), whose presence was confirmed through the diffusion liquid-liquid microextraction method followed by the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique. At a temperature of 40 0C, keep the sample. The 2nd generation polyamidoamine dendrimer (2-GPD), which was previously synthesized, was released in the US Samples were taken from the container at different intervals.<br />It injected the model into the high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) machine, filtering and extraction by diffusion liquid-liquid microextraction. Examining the HPLC-UV absorption of the samples taken from the US shows that with time MTD molecules migrate from the US into the cavities of the 2-GPD, and the ultraviolet absorption of MTD decreases. The finding confirms the suitability of 2-GPD as an agent for the extraction. <br />The identification of MTD was reported in the actual US Monitoring and controlling the consumption of various drugs, such as MTD, is a challenging clinical and legal toxicology issue. Examining medications in a model such as the US always requires high accuracy. These methods include. The pre-purification stage is based on precision instruments.

Alginate nanoparticles containing Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil and α-pinene: cytotoxicity and effect on apoptotic-involved genes in human melanoma and breast cancer cell lines

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Cancers are one of the major causes of death, and the development of new medicine using advanced ... more Cancers are one of the major causes of death, and the development of new medicine using advanced technologies such as nanotechnology has thus received more attention. Rosmarinus officinalis as a common medicinal plant possess many biological effects, such as anticancer effects. This study investigated the chemical compositions of its essential oil using GC-MS analysis. Alpha-pinene (24.0%), eucalyptol (16.99%), verbenone (8.79%), L-borneol (7.79%), and camphor (6.87%) were the five major compounds. After that, alginate nanoparticles containing α-pinene (major compound) and R. officinalis essential oil were prepared with particle sizes of 137 ± 8 and 151 ± 7. Besides, successful loading of α-pinene or the essential oil in nanoparticles was confirmed using ATR-FTIR analysis. The efficacy (IC50) of alginate nanoparticles containing α-pinene against A-375 and MCF-7 were 582 (179-1886) µg/mL and 94 (47-187) µg/mL. These values for alginate nanoparticles containing R. officinalis essential oil were obtained as 807 (470-1383) µg/mL and 235 (168-328) µg/mL. Moreover, RT-PCR results show that the Bcl2 (anti-apoptotic gene) level in MCF-7 treated cells with alginate nanoparticles containing R. officinalis essential oil was higher than Bax (apoptotic gene); another cell death pathway rather than apoptosis was involved. Considering the proper efficacy of alginate nanoparticles containing the essential oil or α-pinene, especially against MCF-7 cells, they could be considered for further investigation in vivo.

Inhibition of miR-96 and miR-183 expression in treatment with fisetin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in breast cancer cell lines

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

<strong>Objective(s):</strong> Several efforts have been made to improve the treatment of breast ... more <strong>Objective(s):</strong> Several efforts have been made to improve the treatment of breast cancer. Nanotechnology has been proposed as a promising strategy for the formulation of pharmaceutical compounds and increasing their efficiency. Fisetin is a natural flavonoid with anti-cancer properties. This study was conducted with the aim of improving the anti-cancer effect of fisetin with the chitosan nanoparticles delivery system and investigating some molecular pathways after treating breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and MDA-MB231). <br /><strong>Methods: </strong>After the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles, the shape, size and surface charge of nanoparticles were measured by SEM, DLS and zeta sizer. Drug loading in nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR. The drug release rate was evaluated in acidic and neutral environments. Also, the cell cytotoxicity of fisetin and nanofisetin was investigated using MTT assay. The expression level of miR-183 and miR-96 investigated in both cell lines using real-time PCR. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that fisetin was successfully loaded into nanoparticles. The pH-dependent release of this nanosystem facilitated the release of fisetin in the acidic environment of the tumor. Chitosan nanoparticles containing fisetin with a size of 60 nm with significant efficiency exhibited higher toxicity to the viability of cells than free fisetin, and this decrease in survival was more pronounced for the triple negative MDA-MB-231. Fisetin also significantly decreased the expression of miR-96 and miR-183 in both cell lines. <br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The nanoformulation of this herbal compound and its effect can present nanofisetin as a potential candidate for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

Synthesis of Ag-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal impacts on dental microbia

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

The arrangement of silver doped iron oxide nanoparticles (Ag-Fe2O3 NPs) through the exploitation ... more The arrangement of silver doped iron oxide nanoparticles (Ag-Fe2O3 NPs) through the exploitation of Prosopis fracta leaf extract was successfully performed in this work, which was proceeded by configuring the produced NPs by the outcomes of Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Field Energy Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Raman, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and Vibrating-Sample Magnetometer (VSM) procedures. Apparently, the observed spherical particulates contained a size of 50-60 nm, while exhibiting antimicrobial performances towards Streptococcus mutans bacteria and Candida albicans fungi. They also seemed to possess potential antibacterial and anti-fungi properties at the volumes of 10 and 75 μg/mL, respectively, and thus, a viable proposal can be made regarding our synthesized product as a suitable option for dental and oral implementations. In addition, this biosynthesis method can be a suitable option for the synthesis of nanoparticles due to advantages such as cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and no use of chemical solvents.

Renal cell carcinoma derived exosome as natural nanoparticles inhibits T cell proliferation and induces their apoptosis

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

<strong>Objective(s): </strong>To evaluate the anti-tumor effect of the renal cell carcinoma ACHN... more <strong>Objective(s): </strong>To evaluate the anti-tumor effect of the renal cell carcinoma ACHN cell-exosome on human T cell biological parameters.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> Human T cell was isolated from healthy donors. ACHN-cell derived exosome was procured and expression of the CD9 and CD63 was assessed using western blotting. The effects of the ACHN- exosome on T cell proliferation was measured using MTT assay within 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of treatment with 500-2000 ng/ml exosome. Also, the apoptotic cell percentages in treated cells were assessed by Annexin/PI staining and flowcytometry upon exposure with 500 and 2000 ng/ml exosome within 96 hours of treatment.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> According to results, exosome therapy inhibited T cell proliferation more evidently at higher concentration. Also, treatment with exosome caused an improvement in the apoptosis of the T cell within 96 hours of treatment.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Concerning the results, ACHN- exosome has negative effect on T cell viability and proliferation, facilitating immune evasion.

Cytotoxic effect of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles on NIH-3T3 and malignant cancer cell lines CaCo2 and CAL27

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

The focus of many investments was pulled towards magnetic nanoparticles and their extending range... more The focus of many investments was pulled towards magnetic nanoparticles and their extending range of implementations in medicine and biology that particularly include drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, and cancer treatment through hyperthermia, as well as other objectives such as pollutants degradation and compounds separation. This work attempted to arrange cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 NPs) by taking advantage of starch aqueous solution combined with a calcination process at 500, 600, and 700 °C. The acquired prepared NPs, which were muti-dimensional shape, were configured by the employment of X-rày Diffraction (XRD), Vibràting Sample Màgnetometer (VSM) and Energy Dispersive X-rày (EDX), Field-emission Scànning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and Ràman spectroscopy. The outcomes of VSM analysis were indicative of a ferrimagnetic attitude, while the performance of MTT assay helped in assessing the cytotoxicity of CoFe2O4 NPs on colon càncer cell (CaCo2), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) CAL27 and mouse embryò fibròblast cell (NIH-3T3) lines, which resulted to be non-toxic towards cancer and normal cell lines. Considering these observations, we can approve the ideal applicability of our synthesized CoFe2O4 NPs in medical implementations similar to drug delivery and non-medical utilizations.

Synthesis of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles using Different Precursor and Study Cytotoxicity Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell line

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

In this work, the eco-friendly synthesis of silveroxidenanoparticles (Ag2O-NPs) was successfully ... more In this work, the eco-friendly synthesis of silveroxidenanoparticles (Ag2O-NPs) was successfully performed using orange leaf extract with silver nitrate and silver sulfate as precursors. Several techniques were used to characterize the surfaces of the silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2O-NPs), including FT-IR spectra, which showed the functional groups present in the synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles, FE-SEM images showed that the green synthesis of Ag2O-NO3-NPs and Ag2O-SO4-NPs has a spherical shape. EDX analysis spectrum confirmed the presence of elemental silver signals in the Ag2O-NPs, proving that the Ag2O-NPs were prepared within the nanoscale range and that there is a clear and tangible effect of negative ions bonded (NO3- and SO4-2) with Ag metal on the size, shape, and distribution of Ag2O-NPs. Also, the cytoxicity of the established Ag NPs at 0-200 µg/ml was assessed in breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines in vitro using MTT assay, and verified these strong cytotoxicity. As a result, the use of orange leaf extract is considered an eco-friendly and cost-effective method.

Isolation and characterization of curcumin by antisolvent and cooling crystallization method for a potential antimicrobial nanofibrous membrane

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

<strong>Objective(s): </strong>The main objective of this study is to develop a potential antibac... more <strong>Objective(s): </strong>The main objective of this study is to develop a potential antibacterial nanofibrous membrane with a highly porous structure, and a large surface area to volume ratio from a synergistic combination of a synthetic polymer with a bioactive antimicrobial compound like curcumin for different biological applications like wound healing and food packing.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> Soxhlet extraction and antisolvent cooling crystallization method were applied for the extraction of curcuminoids and curcumin. Characterization of isolated curcumin was carried out by FTIR spectroscopy and UV-spectrometry as validated according to the international conference of harmonization (ICH). The nanofibrous membrane was generated by an electrospinning technique from a synergistic mixture of polyvinyl alcohol with isolated curcumin.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> FTIR spectra confirm the presence of all the functional groups and UV-spectrophotometry presented total accuracy in % of 99.25 %, 99.56 %, 99.72 % and 99.96 % respectively. SEM results presented smooth, and continuous nanofibers without any bead-like structures with an average diameter of 215.38 + 29.32 nm in PVA-Cur-10 nanofibers samples. The antibacterial activity of isolated curcumin presented a 24.93+12.3 mm and 23.02 +1.2 mm zone of inhibition against S. aureus, and E.coli respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study presents the successful isolation of curcumin from crude curcuminoid by antisolvent and cooling crystallization method and its use in the preparation of a potential antibacterial electrospun nanofibrous membrane with PVA. The fabricated membrane exhibited excellent durability, strength and antibacterial properties, which can be used to protect wounds and food from harmful bacteria.

Gold and Silver Nanoparticles with Modified Chitosan /PVA : Synthesis, Study The Toxicity and Anticancer Activity

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

The new novel polymers nanocomposites based modified chitosan (CS) blending with polyvinyl alcoho... more The new novel polymers nanocomposites based modified chitosan (CS) blending with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and coated gold or silver nanoparticles (AuNPs), (AgNPs) were synthesized from many sequence reactions as presented in (Scheme1, 2 and 3). By utilizing 1H-NMR spectroscopy, FTIR, and Field Emission Scanning electron microscope , the synthesized compounds have been identified. Molecular docking is studied, where operations are used to predict the binding status of compounds with the enzyme and to calculate the free energy (ΔG) of the compounds prepared. Also, the antibacterial activity regarding the synthesized compounds against two resistant pathogenic bacteria (G+) S. aureus and E. coli (G-) was examined in vitro compare with standard antibiotic (Amoxicillin). The cytotoxic effect of novel polymers nanocomposites against Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells line (A549) using MTT assay was used to estimate and compare with normal cell line Rat Embryonic Fibroblasts (REF), the (modified chitosan/PVA/Au) exhibited very excellent inhibition rate. Finally, the Acute Toxicity Test of these nanocomposities were examined showed non-toxicity of these nanocomposities and histological examination of internal organs: liver, lung and kidney related to treated group showed no changes but similar those of control group.

The green-synthesized metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in dental implant applications

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Surface-modifying biomaterials have the potential to improve both the performance and durability ... more Surface-modifying biomaterials have the potential to improve both the performance and durability of dental implantable products that are currently in use. Dental implants' surfaces may be modified to improve their biocompatibility and other biologically significant characteristics using metal and metal oxide nanoparticle coatings. The toxicity of the materials used in the synthesis, the requirement for high temperature and energy, and the high cost are just a few of the factors that restrict the use of the various physical and chemical methods for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Though, these restrictions can be overcome by developing substitute synthetic approaches that are similar to Green Synthesis and have proven to be more eco-friendly and less toxic, including the use of algae, microorganisms, and plants. Metal ions can be readily reduced into nanoparticles by plants' biomolecules, secondary metabolites, and coenzymes. Although still in its infancy, the use of metal nanoparticles produced through green synthesis in dental implants has the potential to open up new avenues for enhancing the caliber of these goods.

Fabrication and modeling of nanocomposites with bioceramic nanoparticles for rapid wound healing: An experimental and molecular dynamics investigation

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

In the present study, Fabrication and modeling of nanocomposites with bioceramic nanoparticles fo... more In the present study, Fabrication and modeling of nanocomposites with bioceramic nanoparticles for rapid wound healing with (0wt. %, 5wt. %, 10wt. %, 15wt. % NPs) were investigated. After the fabrication of nanocomposites using the freeze-drying technique, X-ray diffraction (XRD) test is performed to show the crystallinity of hydroxyapatite and titanium oxide. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests are performed to demonstrate the morphology of the structure, atomic force microscope (AFM) test is performed to show surface roughness and pores. Finally by placing nano scaffolds in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for 21 days, their weight and pH changes are measured. Then, by performing the tensile test, the results related to the tensile strength of the scaffolds are examined. In this paper, the sum of mechanical and physical laboratory results are compared with the results obtained by molecular dynamics simulation (MDs). The results show that with the increase of titanium nanoparticles, the physical and mechanical properties, as well as the healing properties of the wound dressing, have increased significantly. Also, the comparison of laboratory results and MDs results determine the accuracy of this method. Therefore fabricating these nanocomposites helps a lot for rapid wound healing.

Neuroprotective effects of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles coated with sumac on damaged sciatic nerve recovery

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Objective(s): Although damaged peripheral nerves have the ability to repair, axon regeneration pr... more Objective(s): Although damaged peripheral nerves have the ability to repair, axon regeneration proceeds slowly and often poor functional results are observed. Many methods are used to repair peripheral nerve lesions, but very few have demonstrated clinical success. Hence, the intention of the present study was to explore the regenerative outcomes of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles coated with sumac on rat sciatic nerve injury.<br />Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were separated into four groups: the sham group (surgery without damage to the nerve), the negative control (nerve compression without nanoparticle injection), the experimental group 1 (nerve compression given 10 mg/kg dose of drug), and the experimental group 2 (nerve compression given 20 mg/kg dose of drug). The sciatic nerve was then compressed one centimeter above the point where it splits into three branches, tissue and muscle sections were examined in addition to foot print and hot plate tests.<br />Results: When compared to the negative control group, the speed of recovery and restoration of sensory and motor neuron function was significantly faster in groups treated with cobalt ferrite nanoparticles coated with sumac. <br />Conclusions: Injection of cobalt ferrite nanoparticle coated with sumac increases the speed of repair of peripheral nerve damage in rats.

Norfloxacin Adsorption on the Surface of B12N12 and Al12N12 Nanoclusters: A Comparative DFT Study

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

A recent study conducted using density functional theory computations has shed light on the poten... more A recent study conducted using density functional theory computations has shed light on the potential use of B12N12 and Al12N12 nanoclusters as adsorbents and sensing materials for the removal and electrochemical detection of norfloxacin (NFX). The results of the study indicated that both B12N12 and Al12N12 nanoclusters are feasible options for the removal of NFX, with B12N12 being more suitable as an adsorbent and Al12N12 being a better option as a sensing material for electrochemical detection. The thermodynamic parameters of the study showed that NFX adsorption on B12N12 is a spontaneous, exothermic, and one-sided process, while its interaction with Al12N12 is thermodynamically possible, two-sided, and equilibrium. The calculated frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis also revealed that both nanoclusters experienced a decrease in bandgap, with Al12N12 experiencing a sharper decline, indicating its suitability as a sensing material. Furthermore, the study found that NFX adsorption on the surface of both nanoadsorbents is more favorable at lower temperatures. This finding provides valuable insights into the potential use of these nanoclusters in NFX removal and electrochemical detection.

Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using Melissa Officinalis L. Aqueous Extract: Optimization, Antioxidant Activity and In Vitro Cell Viability

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Gold nanoparticles possess attractive properties that make them valuable in medicine. Recently, g... more Gold nanoparticles possess attractive properties that make them valuable in medicine. Recently, green synthesis of nanoparticles has been a target of research due to its simplicity, safety, eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness. This study describes the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles via aqueous extract of Melissa officinalis L. (Mel). The various parameters affecting the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (pH, gold salt concentration, extract volume, temperature, and reaction time) were investigated and optimized. Ultraviolet–Visible spectrophotometry, Dynamic light scattering, Transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were applied to characterize synthesized gold nanoparticles (GNP-Mel). The antioxidant activity of Mel extract and GNP-Mel was performed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging test. The effect of GNP-Mel on cell viability of H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes was evaluated using Alamar blue assay. The results indicated uniform spherical-shaped gold nanoparticles with an average particle size of 8 nm and a zeta potential value of -31.7 mV, which demonstrates the high stability of GNP-Mel. The Mel extract and GNP-Mel showed the highest antioxidant activity with percentages of 77.69 ± 1.18% and 59.64 ± 1.29% at a maximum concentration (of 100 μg/ml), respectively, which can be compared with Vitamin C (89.34 ± 1.34%). Moreover, the result of Alamar blue assay represented a higher than 80% cell viability in the presence of 20, and 50 μg/ml of GNP-Mel and likewise, a higher than 50% cell viability in the presence of 100 and 170 μg/ml of GNP-Mel. Overall, the findings show that the green synthesized gold nanoparticles are appropriate candidates for biomedical applications.

Anti-cancerous effect and biological evaluation of green synthesized Selenium nanoparticles on MCF-7 breast cancer and HUVEC cell lines

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is a safe and cost-effective process for creating nanoparticles ... more Green synthesis of nanoparticles is a safe and cost-effective process for creating nanoparticles using extracts from different parts of plants, such as flowers, leaves, stems, and roots. In this research, Melissa Officinalis L. (MO) aqueous extract was used for the synthesis of Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) for the first time. These extracts contain flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids, which act as reducing agents in synthesizing nanoparticles. In this study, the extract serves both as a reducing agent and a capping agent during the fast and simple green synthesis of Selenium nanoparticles. The hydrodynamic size of the nanoparticles was investigated by using DLS. Further characterization of the shape and size of the nanoparticles was conducted through SEM and TEM studies. Moreover, the elemental composition of the NPs was identified through Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental analysis. Microscopy analysis results showed that the Se NPs had a spherical shape. Furthermore, the particle size was determined to be 65 nm and 34 nm via DLS and SEM studies, respectively. Additionally, the biological evaluation of Se NPs demonstrated a non-toxic effect on the Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) normal cell line and anticancer activity on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.

Exosomes derived from human dental stem cell enhance the viability of odontoblasts

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of exosomes derived from dental... more Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of exosomes derived from dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPSCs) on the viability of odontoblast cells.<br />Methods: Exosomes were extracted from human DPSC cells via ultracentrifugation. Scanning electron microscopy and western blot analysis for CD9 and CD81 demonstrated characteristics of exosomes. Developing odontoblasts were exposed to increasing concentrations of exosomes (10-400 ng/ml) over time periods of 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Cell viability was evaluated using MTT assays. In addition, real-time PCR was used to assess expression levels of Wnt, beta-catenin, PI3K, Akt, Bcl-2, and Bax in cells after 24-96 hours of exposure to 100 and 400 ng/ml exosomes.<br />Results: Odontoblast viability was found to be enhanced by DPSC-derived exosomes, with greater impacts at higher concentrations and time periods of 72-96 hours. Expression of PI3K, AKT, Wnt, beta-catenin, and Bcl-2 were notably upregulated in odontoblasts following 96 hours of DPSC-exosome treatment. Conversely, Bax expression was significantly downregulated. These findings suggest DPSC-exosomes promote odontoblast survival through modulated expression of genes involved in key survival pathways over extended exposure periods.<br />Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that exosomes derived from DPSC cells possess innate nanoparticle properties, leading to enhanced survival of odontoblast cells. This effect is achieved through the activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin and P3K/AKT signaling pathways, ultimately resulting in an increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio.

Electrodeposition of nano tin film on different substrates in a choline chloride–ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent containing boric acid

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

In recent years, Tin has been used in coating of medical and orthopedic instruments, probes, alig... more In recent years, Tin has been used in coating of medical and orthopedic instruments, probes, alignment devices, implants and surgical cutting tools. This study examines the electrodeposition of nano tin film on several substrates, including brass, copper, and mild steel, while using a ChCl: EG-based liquid which also contained boric acid. It was found that adding larger amounts of boric acid improved the conductivities of Sn electrolytes; when boric acid was introduced to them, the redox current peaks of Sn decreased with increasing concentrations of boric acid and displayed negative shifts in the deposition peak when performing cyclic voltammetry. SEM was involved to examine the morphologies of Sn deposits. Boric acid was found to improve the homogeneity of the morphologies of the deposited Sn films, leading to the formation of smooth Sn coatings, the associated roughness of which was determined to be 7.642 nm. The Sn deposits' crystal structure was investigated using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy.

The effect of ZrO2 NPs addition on denture adaptation and diametral compressive strength of 3D printed denture base resin

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Objective(s): The world of dentistry is constantly evolving, and with the advent of 3D printing t... more Objective(s): The world of dentistry is constantly evolving, and with the advent of 3D printing technology, the possibilities are endless. However, little is known about the effects of adding ZrO2 NPs to the denture base resin of 3D additive manufacturing technique.<br />Aim of this study is to evaluate the behavior of resin which is used to 3D printing of denture base with the addition of ZrO2 NPs on denture adaptation property and diametral compression strength.<br />Methods: 60 samples were printed, 30 disks for diametral compressive test and 30 denture base for denture adaptation test. Three groups per test (n=10). The control group for each test included unreinforced 3Dprinted denture base resin, and the other groups were reinforced with (2&3%) nanoZrO2; diametral compressive strength was evaluated using universal compressive testing machine, while denture adaptation was evaluated by exocad software program.<br />Results: the study reveals significant difference in both diametral compressive strength and denture adaptation of the 3Dprinted denture base resin after adding nanoZrO2, as denture adaptation increased; the mean of diametral compression was decreasing with 2%&3% percent of ZrO2 NPs.<br />Conclusions: addition of Zro2 NPs to 3D printed denture base resin may help in improving the material behavior as concerning mechanical and adaptation properties.

Encapsulation of Beta-lactam Antibiotic Amoxicillin in Chitosan-alginate Nanohydrogels to Improve Antibacterial Efficacy

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Nanotechnology offers several opportunities to improve conventional drugs to avoid issues that ph... more Nanotechnology offers several opportunities to improve conventional drugs to avoid issues that pharmaceutical industries are facing nowadays. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs have been found to be more readily soluble in mixed polymer nanohydrogels, which improves their solubility in solution. An attempt has been made in the present study to enhance the efficacy of beta-lactam antibiotics by making nanoformulation using mixed polymer nanohydrogels derived from natural polymers sodium alginate and chitosan. As a consequence, this formulation permitted amoxicillin (MOX) to be entrapped in alginate hydrogels and, in addition, chitosan-induced cationic charges on the surface of nanoparticles. Physicochemical characterizations and swelling properties, encapsulation efficiency, MOX release profile at different pH, and MTT assay to establish the toxicity of synthesized nanocomposite were investigated. There was a significant improvement in the effectiveness of the encapsulated drug amoxicillin against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli compared to the aqueous solution of the drug. It has been calculated that the encapsulation efficiency was approximately 64% by spectrophotometry, and antibiotic sensitivity tests in the presence of Gram-negative bacteria have shown that the encapsulated drug within nanohydrogels has superior antibacterial efficacy against them. This formulation with cationic surface charge may be a superior alternative to inactivate beta-lactam antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria than the standard medications available.

Current Advancements and Potential Applications of Nanocomposite Hydrogels in Dentistry: A Systematic Review

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Nanotechnology is applied in many scientific domains because it provides a variety of practical a... more Nanotechnology is applied in many scientific domains because it provides a variety of practical answers to scientific and medical problems. This systematic literature review using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) method to analyze nanocomposite hydrogels (NCHGs) in dentistry. Based on the results of a literature review study on 40 articles, NCHGs have the potential for antibacterial agents, tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, dental materials, etc. The present review aims to provide a depth analysis of NCHGs, impart on the recent advancement in the scope of dentistry, and discuss their applications. Understanding of the principles of NCHGs, their strengths and limitations as well as their specific benefits.

A new method for identifying methadone in urine samples by trapping it in dendrimer

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

This article used an accurate urine sample (US) from a person with daily use of methadone (MTD), ... more This article used an accurate urine sample (US) from a person with daily use of methadone (MTD), whose presence was confirmed through the diffusion liquid-liquid microextraction method followed by the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique. At a temperature of 40 0C, keep the sample. The 2nd generation polyamidoamine dendrimer (2-GPD), which was previously synthesized, was released in the US Samples were taken from the container at different intervals.<br />It injected the model into the high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) machine, filtering and extraction by diffusion liquid-liquid microextraction. Examining the HPLC-UV absorption of the samples taken from the US shows that with time MTD molecules migrate from the US into the cavities of the 2-GPD, and the ultraviolet absorption of MTD decreases. The finding confirms the suitability of 2-GPD as an agent for the extraction. <br />The identification of MTD was reported in the actual US Monitoring and controlling the consumption of various drugs, such as MTD, is a challenging clinical and legal toxicology issue. Examining medications in a model such as the US always requires high accuracy. These methods include. The pre-purification stage is based on precision instruments.

Alginate nanoparticles containing Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil and α-pinene: cytotoxicity and effect on apoptotic-involved genes in human melanoma and breast cancer cell lines

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Cancers are one of the major causes of death, and the development of new medicine using advanced ... more Cancers are one of the major causes of death, and the development of new medicine using advanced technologies such as nanotechnology has thus received more attention. Rosmarinus officinalis as a common medicinal plant possess many biological effects, such as anticancer effects. This study investigated the chemical compositions of its essential oil using GC-MS analysis. Alpha-pinene (24.0%), eucalyptol (16.99%), verbenone (8.79%), L-borneol (7.79%), and camphor (6.87%) were the five major compounds. After that, alginate nanoparticles containing α-pinene (major compound) and R. officinalis essential oil were prepared with particle sizes of 137 ± 8 and 151 ± 7. Besides, successful loading of α-pinene or the essential oil in nanoparticles was confirmed using ATR-FTIR analysis. The efficacy (IC50) of alginate nanoparticles containing α-pinene against A-375 and MCF-7 were 582 (179-1886) µg/mL and 94 (47-187) µg/mL. These values for alginate nanoparticles containing R. officinalis essential oil were obtained as 807 (470-1383) µg/mL and 235 (168-328) µg/mL. Moreover, RT-PCR results show that the Bcl2 (anti-apoptotic gene) level in MCF-7 treated cells with alginate nanoparticles containing R. officinalis essential oil was higher than Bax (apoptotic gene); another cell death pathway rather than apoptosis was involved. Considering the proper efficacy of alginate nanoparticles containing the essential oil or α-pinene, especially against MCF-7 cells, they could be considered for further investigation in vivo.

Inhibition of miR-96 and miR-183 expression in treatment with fisetin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in breast cancer cell lines

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

<strong>Objective(s):</strong> Several efforts have been made to improve the treatment of breast ... more <strong>Objective(s):</strong> Several efforts have been made to improve the treatment of breast cancer. Nanotechnology has been proposed as a promising strategy for the formulation of pharmaceutical compounds and increasing their efficiency. Fisetin is a natural flavonoid with anti-cancer properties. This study was conducted with the aim of improving the anti-cancer effect of fisetin with the chitosan nanoparticles delivery system and investigating some molecular pathways after treating breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and MDA-MB231). <br /><strong>Methods: </strong>After the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles, the shape, size and surface charge of nanoparticles were measured by SEM, DLS and zeta sizer. Drug loading in nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR. The drug release rate was evaluated in acidic and neutral environments. Also, the cell cytotoxicity of fisetin and nanofisetin was investigated using MTT assay. The expression level of miR-183 and miR-96 investigated in both cell lines using real-time PCR. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that fisetin was successfully loaded into nanoparticles. The pH-dependent release of this nanosystem facilitated the release of fisetin in the acidic environment of the tumor. Chitosan nanoparticles containing fisetin with a size of 60 nm with significant efficiency exhibited higher toxicity to the viability of cells than free fisetin, and this decrease in survival was more pronounced for the triple negative MDA-MB-231. Fisetin also significantly decreased the expression of miR-96 and miR-183 in both cell lines. <br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The nanoformulation of this herbal compound and its effect can present nanofisetin as a potential candidate for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

Synthesis of Ag-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal impacts on dental microbia

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

The arrangement of silver doped iron oxide nanoparticles (Ag-Fe2O3 NPs) through the exploitation ... more The arrangement of silver doped iron oxide nanoparticles (Ag-Fe2O3 NPs) through the exploitation of Prosopis fracta leaf extract was successfully performed in this work, which was proceeded by configuring the produced NPs by the outcomes of Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Field Energy Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Raman, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and Vibrating-Sample Magnetometer (VSM) procedures. Apparently, the observed spherical particulates contained a size of 50-60 nm, while exhibiting antimicrobial performances towards Streptococcus mutans bacteria and Candida albicans fungi. They also seemed to possess potential antibacterial and anti-fungi properties at the volumes of 10 and 75 μg/mL, respectively, and thus, a viable proposal can be made regarding our synthesized product as a suitable option for dental and oral implementations. In addition, this biosynthesis method can be a suitable option for the synthesis of nanoparticles due to advantages such as cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and no use of chemical solvents.

Renal cell carcinoma derived exosome as natural nanoparticles inhibits T cell proliferation and induces their apoptosis

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

<strong>Objective(s): </strong>To evaluate the anti-tumor effect of the renal cell carcinoma ACHN... more <strong>Objective(s): </strong>To evaluate the anti-tumor effect of the renal cell carcinoma ACHN cell-exosome on human T cell biological parameters.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> Human T cell was isolated from healthy donors. ACHN-cell derived exosome was procured and expression of the CD9 and CD63 was assessed using western blotting. The effects of the ACHN- exosome on T cell proliferation was measured using MTT assay within 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of treatment with 500-2000 ng/ml exosome. Also, the apoptotic cell percentages in treated cells were assessed by Annexin/PI staining and flowcytometry upon exposure with 500 and 2000 ng/ml exosome within 96 hours of treatment.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> According to results, exosome therapy inhibited T cell proliferation more evidently at higher concentration. Also, treatment with exosome caused an improvement in the apoptosis of the T cell within 96 hours of treatment.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Concerning the results, ACHN- exosome has negative effect on T cell viability and proliferation, facilitating immune evasion.

Cytotoxic effect of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles on NIH-3T3 and malignant cancer cell lines CaCo2 and CAL27

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

The focus of many investments was pulled towards magnetic nanoparticles and their extending range... more The focus of many investments was pulled towards magnetic nanoparticles and their extending range of implementations in medicine and biology that particularly include drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, and cancer treatment through hyperthermia, as well as other objectives such as pollutants degradation and compounds separation. This work attempted to arrange cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 NPs) by taking advantage of starch aqueous solution combined with a calcination process at 500, 600, and 700 °C. The acquired prepared NPs, which were muti-dimensional shape, were configured by the employment of X-rày Diffraction (XRD), Vibràting Sample Màgnetometer (VSM) and Energy Dispersive X-rày (EDX), Field-emission Scànning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and Ràman spectroscopy. The outcomes of VSM analysis were indicative of a ferrimagnetic attitude, while the performance of MTT assay helped in assessing the cytotoxicity of CoFe2O4 NPs on colon càncer cell (CaCo2), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) CAL27 and mouse embryò fibròblast cell (NIH-3T3) lines, which resulted to be non-toxic towards cancer and normal cell lines. Considering these observations, we can approve the ideal applicability of our synthesized CoFe2O4 NPs in medical implementations similar to drug delivery and non-medical utilizations.

Synthesis of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles using Different Precursor and Study Cytotoxicity Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell line

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

In this work, the eco-friendly synthesis of silveroxidenanoparticles (Ag2O-NPs) was successfully ... more In this work, the eco-friendly synthesis of silveroxidenanoparticles (Ag2O-NPs) was successfully performed using orange leaf extract with silver nitrate and silver sulfate as precursors. Several techniques were used to characterize the surfaces of the silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2O-NPs), including FT-IR spectra, which showed the functional groups present in the synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles, FE-SEM images showed that the green synthesis of Ag2O-NO3-NPs and Ag2O-SO4-NPs has a spherical shape. EDX analysis spectrum confirmed the presence of elemental silver signals in the Ag2O-NPs, proving that the Ag2O-NPs were prepared within the nanoscale range and that there is a clear and tangible effect of negative ions bonded (NO3- and SO4-2) with Ag metal on the size, shape, and distribution of Ag2O-NPs. Also, the cytoxicity of the established Ag NPs at 0-200 µg/ml was assessed in breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines in vitro using MTT assay, and verified these strong cytotoxicity. As a result, the use of orange leaf extract is considered an eco-friendly and cost-effective method.

Isolation and characterization of curcumin by antisolvent and cooling crystallization method for a potential antimicrobial nanofibrous membrane

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

<strong>Objective(s): </strong>The main objective of this study is to develop a potential antibac... more <strong>Objective(s): </strong>The main objective of this study is to develop a potential antibacterial nanofibrous membrane with a highly porous structure, and a large surface area to volume ratio from a synergistic combination of a synthetic polymer with a bioactive antimicrobial compound like curcumin for different biological applications like wound healing and food packing.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> Soxhlet extraction and antisolvent cooling crystallization method were applied for the extraction of curcuminoids and curcumin. Characterization of isolated curcumin was carried out by FTIR spectroscopy and UV-spectrometry as validated according to the international conference of harmonization (ICH). The nanofibrous membrane was generated by an electrospinning technique from a synergistic mixture of polyvinyl alcohol with isolated curcumin.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> FTIR spectra confirm the presence of all the functional groups and UV-spectrophotometry presented total accuracy in % of 99.25 %, 99.56 %, 99.72 % and 99.96 % respectively. SEM results presented smooth, and continuous nanofibers without any bead-like structures with an average diameter of 215.38 + 29.32 nm in PVA-Cur-10 nanofibers samples. The antibacterial activity of isolated curcumin presented a 24.93+12.3 mm and 23.02 +1.2 mm zone of inhibition against S. aureus, and E.coli respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study presents the successful isolation of curcumin from crude curcuminoid by antisolvent and cooling crystallization method and its use in the preparation of a potential antibacterial electrospun nanofibrous membrane with PVA. The fabricated membrane exhibited excellent durability, strength and antibacterial properties, which can be used to protect wounds and food from harmful bacteria.

Gold and Silver Nanoparticles with Modified Chitosan /PVA : Synthesis, Study The Toxicity and Anticancer Activity

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

The new novel polymers nanocomposites based modified chitosan (CS) blending with polyvinyl alcoho... more The new novel polymers nanocomposites based modified chitosan (CS) blending with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and coated gold or silver nanoparticles (AuNPs), (AgNPs) were synthesized from many sequence reactions as presented in (Scheme1, 2 and 3). By utilizing 1H-NMR spectroscopy, FTIR, and Field Emission Scanning electron microscope , the synthesized compounds have been identified. Molecular docking is studied, where operations are used to predict the binding status of compounds with the enzyme and to calculate the free energy (ΔG) of the compounds prepared. Also, the antibacterial activity regarding the synthesized compounds against two resistant pathogenic bacteria (G+) S. aureus and E. coli (G-) was examined in vitro compare with standard antibiotic (Amoxicillin). The cytotoxic effect of novel polymers nanocomposites against Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells line (A549) using MTT assay was used to estimate and compare with normal cell line Rat Embryonic Fibroblasts (REF), the (modified chitosan/PVA/Au) exhibited very excellent inhibition rate. Finally, the Acute Toxicity Test of these nanocomposities were examined showed non-toxicity of these nanocomposities and histological examination of internal organs: liver, lung and kidney related to treated group showed no changes but similar those of control group.

The green-synthesized metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in dental implant applications

Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2023

Surface-modifying biomaterials have the potential to improve both the performance and durability ... more Surface-modifying biomaterials have the potential to improve both the performance and durability of dental implantable products that are currently in use. Dental implants' surfaces may be modified to improve their biocompatibility and other biologically significant characteristics using metal and metal oxide nanoparticle coatings. The toxicity of the materials used in the synthesis, the requirement for high temperature and energy, and the high cost are just a few of the factors that restrict the use of the various physical and chemical methods for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Though, these restrictions can be overcome by developing substitute synthetic approaches that are similar to Green Synthesis and have proven to be more eco-friendly and less toxic, including the use of algae, microorganisms, and plants. Metal ions can be readily reduced into nanoparticles by plants' biomolecules, secondary metabolites, and coenzymes. Although still in its infancy, the use of metal nanoparticles produced through green synthesis in dental implants has the potential to open up new avenues for enhancing the caliber of these goods.

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