Papers by Noureddin Driouech
CABI Reviews, 2020
Sustainability may be defined in the most general terms as the ability to meet the needs of the p... more Sustainability may be defined in the most general terms as the ability to meet the needs of the present without diminishing opportunities for the future. It is also generally conceded that sustainability is multidimensional in that it depends on ecological, social and economic integrity—the three cornerstones of sustainability. It is no surprise then that the functionality of family farming is increasingly being discussed in scholarly literature as an important element in promoting the multiple ecological, social and economic benefits of a sustainable agriculture. This paper provides a review of that body of literature. By examining literature relevant to the European Union (EU) and the United States (US), this paper also explores the economic and social evolution of farming within these two historical and political contexts, giving specific attention to its motivation and functionality. Whereas in the past family farms have been very diverse in motivation and multifunctional in ope...
Education and New Developments 2022 – Volume 2
Altruistically speaking, humanity has now reached a point where it has recognised that it has a r... more Altruistically speaking, humanity has now reached a point where it has recognised that it has a responsibility to achieve a development that is sustainable. This responsibility is outlined in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This notwithstanding, as an intrinsically selfish creature, humanity also has a need to fulfil its own needs. This concept is set out by Maslow. Education is undeniably a linch-pin in marrying these two concepts, aiming to meet the challenges and the needs of both today's and future generations. Whether and how these needs are met for any learner affects the learner's motivation to learn and the educator's motivation to teach. Moreover, during their time in education learners form habits of mind, beliefs, and principles that will stay with them throughout their lives. This is why it is so crucial to reflect on the type of education that best 'cultivates and guides the sustainable humanity' of the learners. This is the challenge facing today's Anthropocene society. Any approach must be based on the vision of a just and equitable future for the next generations on a stable and resilient planet. With this in mind, we describe the paradigm shift towards an education for sustainable development. Subsequently, one of the principle outcomes of this contribution is a series of eight features which could be used as a template for any realignment of education aiming to achieve sustainable development at the same time as fulfilling Maslow's needs. Finally, further research may build upon these conclusions so that researchers are spurred to examine the topic in more detail in future practical work.
Sudanese government attaches great importance to extension services. The review paper provides an... more Sudanese government attaches great importance to extension services. The review paper provides an overview on agricultural extension and advisory system (AEAS) in Sudan. It focuses on extension history, policy framework and governance, financing, human resources, gender, approaches and methods. In 1958, after Sudan’s independence, a national agricultural extension system was established. Extension services are almost entirely public. Main extension services providers are the federal Technology Transfer and Extension Administration (TTEA) and the General Directorate of Extension, Technology Transfer and Pastoralists’ Development. Moreover, each Sudanese federal state has a decentralised extension system. Sudan tried different extension approaches such as Commodity Development, Training & Visit and Farmers’ Field School. Primary extension methods include field visits, demos, workshops and field days. The main problem faced by Sudanese extension system is low extension workers’ number....
International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development, 2015
Bosnia, Montenegro, and Serbia (BMS) are in a phase of consolidation, which implies rising of eco... more Bosnia, Montenegro, and Serbia (BMS) are in a phase of consolidation, which implies rising of economic growth, agricultural productivity, and fostering rural development. Therefore, it is crucial to have a clear idea about problems faced by rural population in order to design effective rural development policies. The paper aims at highlighting the main problems in rural areas of BMS with a particular focus on those hampering good governance and increased diversification of their rural economies. For each country, significance of the problems was identified; and a critical analysis was performed to highlight causes, implications in terms of rural governance and policy, and potential solutions. Problems were identified in the framework of surveys dealing with agricultural and rural development governance that involved representatives of public, civil society, and international organizations: 120 in Bosnia (winter 2011), 50 in Montenegro (winter 2012), and 120 in Serbia (summer 2013). Economic problems include difficult access to financial resources, low level of investments, rural economy diversification, limited employment opportunities, small and uncompetitive farms, and rural enterprises. Remoteness and isolation, bad local natural resources management, and increased pollutions were the main environmental and geographic problems mentioned by the interviewees. Socio-cultural and demographic problems encompass rural poverty, low quality of life, gender inequity, low human capital of the rural population, unpopularity of agriculture and alarming negative demographic trends. Focus of local development strategies mainly on agriculture and lack of local spatial plans are some of the political and regulatory problems. There are also problems related to the poor physical infrastructure and services, and lack of processing facilities and local markets. For smooth accession to the European Union (EU), BMS should address these problems urgently in a systemic and holistic way to unlock the growth potential of rural areas, taking stock of the current EU's rural development policy.
Food losses and waste is generated in important amounts across the food chain, from production to... more Food losses and waste is generated in important amounts across the food chain, from production to consumption, imposing serious environmental, social and economic costs. More attention is paid in Morocco to food losses while food waste (FW) is generally overlooked. There are few research activities on this problem in the kingdom. This exploratory study aims to evaluate household FW in Morocco. An online survey with 122 Moroccan households was conducted in February-May 2015 to assess the knowledge and relative importance of FW; attitudes towards FW; impacts of behaviors regarding food and food management; quantity and value; as well as barriers and willingness to behavioral change. Sample is gender-balanced (52% female and 48% male) and rather young (80% are less than 44 years old) while most of respondents have high education level. Results show that household's planning and shopping activities are important predictors of FW. On the other hand, attitudes may change according to periods especially in Ramadan (87% declare that FW is higher during this month) and also to the category of food (most wasted product groups are cereals and bakery products, fruits and vegetables). Most of the respondents have a good understanding of food labels. It seems that FW is widespread in Morocco as only 3.3% of respondents declare that they do not waste any food. About two-fifths (39%) declare that their households throw away at least 250 g of still consumable food each week. The economic value of FW generated each month is more than 60 Moroccan Dirham (≈ 6 US$) for 54% of respondents' households. In order to change consumers and household's FW behavior, efforts should be directed towards providing consumers with skills and tools to deal with their food-related activities and to consider environmental and economic impacts of food waste.
Rural areas in the Western Balkans are experiencing two profound changes i.e. increased diversifi... more Rural areas in the Western Balkans are experiencing two profound changes i.e. increased diversification of the rural economy and new governance models and arrangements. The paper aims at providing some insights into linkages and interdependences between rural livelihoods, diversification, and rural governance in Bosnia, Montenegro, and Serbia (BMS). In particular three different conceptual frameworks were used to analyze governance-rural development, governance-rural livelihoods and governance-rural economy diversification linkages. Input data to substantiate the conceptual frameworks in the rural contexts of BMS were the results of surveys dealing with rural governance and rural livelihoods diversification performed in the period 2011-2013. There is a linkage between agricultural and rural development governance and coordination, and exploitation of the full potential for rural livelihoods and economies diversification. Governance is relevant for rural livelihood diversification an...
Agriculture sector employs about 31% of the labour force and generates 14% of GDP in Egypt. Yet m... more Agriculture sector employs about 31% of the labour force and generates 14% of GDP in Egypt. Yet many challenges hinder the development of this vital sector including weak role of extension and advisory services (EAS). The present paper aims at analysing the contribution of public EAS to agriculture development in Egypt. A review of secondary data was used to give a general overview of the current status of EAS, policy framework and governance structures, main cooperation projects dealing with agricultural/rural EAS as well as human resources and gender issues within EAS context. EAS played a great role in Egypt's agriculture development for many years. Extension system is currently in a transitional period and is moving towards decentralization of programming decisions and operations from one hand, and being involved in community development, not only agriculture focus, from another hand. EAS face great challenges i.e. lack of organizational and institutional coordination, decreasing number of extension workers, difficulty in convincing farmers to change their old and traditional agricultural practices. Agriculture extension has great potential in achieving sustainable rural development by providing the solutions to field-based problems, improving the income of rural families, enhancing agricultural productivity by increasing input use efficiency and, finally, paying special attention to rural women and youth. It is important to realize that farmers, rural families and rural communities are the ultimate target of EAS. Therefore, all the institutional arrangements for improving, activating and enhancing the mutual cooperation and collective work of the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS) subsystems must focus and over emphasize on the characteristics, problems and needs of extension subsystem .
A growing body of evidence shows that agriculture is no more sufficient to ensure sustainable rur... more A growing body of evidence shows that agriculture is no more sufficient to ensure sustainable rural development in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) therefore rural livelihoods diversification is crucial. Farm activity diversification issue can be considered in terms of resources (land, labor or capital), location (on-farm or off-farm) and output (farm or non-farm). Well-developed financial systems are associated with more rapid and inclusive rural development and foster rural economy diversification. The paper aims at analyzing rural livelihoods diversification in south-eastern BiH with a particular focus on the influence of household financial management. The paper is based on an extended literature review and a questionnaire survey performed in March 2013 with 147 randomly selected rural households from nine municipalities in south-eastern BiH. The majority of the surveyed rural households (68.7%) have mixed (farm and non-farm) livelihoods. Household sources of income are quite divers...
Wspólna polityka rolna (WPR) pozostaje centralną składową polityki wewnętrznej Unii Europejskiej ... more Wspólna polityka rolna (WPR) pozostaje centralną składową polityki wewnętrznej Unii Europejskiej (UE). Niemniej WPR od dawna jest krytykowana za jej szkodliwe skutki dla rozwoju krajowego rolnictwa. W niniejszym dokumencie podjęto próbę zbadania powiązań pomiędzy WPR a bezpieczeństwem żywnościowym ze szczególnym naciskiem na bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe krajów w południowej i wschodniej części regionu śródziemnomorskiego. Pomimo że bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe UE w perspektywie krótkoterminowej nie jest zagrożone, rzeczywiste wyzwanie w dziedzinie bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego dotyka osoby ubogie i drobnych producentów w krajach rozwijających się, w tym krajach śródziemnomorskich. WPR powinna stawić czoła temu wyzwaniu, promując otwarty i stabilny system handlu produktami rolnymi. Istotnym krokiem byłoby zniesienie własnych taryf rolnych i wszystkich dotacji, które nie są w sposób wystarczający nakierowane na jasno zdefiniowane dobra publiczne. Działaniu temu powinno towarzyszyć dodatkow...
The new Millennium has seen a renewed and intensified interest in issues of business ethics and c... more The new Millennium has seen a renewed and intensified interest in issues of business ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR). This has been partly driven by a wave of concern about conduct and governance of business and partly reflects a growing interest amongst consumers, policy makers and businesses, in forms of production and consumption that are more sustainable and more ethically oriented. This is typified by growth in demand of products encompassing ethical values such as organic and Fair Trade products. However, research knowledge base about consumers and their behaviour and attitude from an ethical perspective is relatively weak. Consumer attitude to foods is mainly influenced by concerns (e.g. food safety, human health, environmental impact) and commodity attributes (e.g. quality, taste, freshness and packaging). The objective of this paper is to get an insight on Serbian consumer attitude towards agro-food products with ethical values (AFPEV) namely organic, Fair ...
Journal of food security, Jan 23, 2014
Food access is one of the food security pillars. Food security encompasses physical and economic ... more Food access is one of the food security pillars. Food security encompasses physical and economic access to food. For most Mediterranean people affordability is a key factor determining access to food. Food affordability is dependent not only on food cost but also on the disposable income that can be spent on food. The paper aims at analysing food accessibility and affordability at household and country levels in the Mediterranean region. The paper uses secondary data from different sources (e.g. FAO, World Bank, the Economist, LABORSTA) to analyse the trends of different indicators: food affordability; food consumer price index; household food expenditure; cereals imports dependency; and Values of food imports over total merchandise exports. In March 2013, food affordability score of the Global Food Security Index ranged from 34.8 in Syria to 86.5 in France. The share of food consumption expenditure in total household expenditure is high e.g. 67.3% in Albania and 43.9% in Algeria. During the period 2005-2011, the highest increase of the FAO food consumer price index was recorded in Egypt followed by Turkey and Algeria. FAO consumer cereal price index increased more than meat price index in the period 2004-2012. Cereals import dependency is high in all Mediterranean Arab countries; up to 80% in drought years in Algeria. In the Palestinian Territories and Montenegro more than four-fifths of merchandise exports are dedicated to food imports. In the period 1990-92/2008-10, the coverage of food imports with total exports deteriorated especially in the Palestinian Territories, Cyprus and Croatia. Adequate and consistent economic access to safe, nutritious and high quality food, even in times of crisis, is a prerequisite for achieving sustainable food and nutrition security in the Mediterranean. However, accessible and affordable diets should not be taken for granted in the Mediterranean region.
It is of paramount importance to know consumers’ behaviour and attitude toward specific values li... more It is of paramount importance to know consumers’ behaviour and attitude toward specific values linked to agro-food products. In fact, there is a constant increase of consumer concern on and interest in products bearing ethical values. The study aims at exploring Albanian consumer knowledge of and attitude toward agro-food products with ethical values such as organic, fair-trade and typical/traditional ones. The work is based on primary and secondary data. Primary information was collected by face-to-face interviews with 311 adult Albanian consumers concentrated mainly in the central, south-eastern, south-western and northern part of Albania. Respondents were contacted randomly mainly in markets and other shopping areas. Questions dealt mainly with sources of information, knowledge and attitude toward agro-food products with ethical values, including reasons and motivations for buying them, purchasing channels, as well as opinion about prices and willingness to pay. Results obtained ...
Ekonomika poljoprivrede, 2015
Rural economy in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is increasingly diversified but agriculture is stil... more Rural economy in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is increasingly diversified but agriculture is still important. Governance influences agricultural and rural development (ARD) policy impacts. The paper aims at analysing ARD governance and coordination in BiH. The paper is based on primary information collected by questionnaires and semi-structured interviews performed in 2011 with representatives of 120 institutions as well as a secondary data review. Vertical coordination between State level institutions with entities, cantons, regions, municipalities and non-state actors, especially civil society ones, is still particularly challenging. Coordination between the State Ministry of Foreign Trade and External Relations; Ministries of Agriculture of the Republika Srpska (RS) and Federation of BiH (FBiH) and the Department for Agriculture of Brčko district is crucial. Participation of civil society organizations in ARD policies design and evaluation should be encouraged. Effectiveness of vertical coordination also depends on quality of horizontal coordination at RS and FBiH levels.
The share of agriculture and fisheries in total GDP amounts to 7.4% in Bosnia meanwhile agricultu... more The share of agriculture and fisheries in total GDP amounts to 7.4% in Bosnia meanwhile agricultural sector employs 20.6% of the total labour force (2012). About 39% of the total Bosnian population can be classified as urban. Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) is about food production and processing within and around cities. The paper aims at analysing UPA in Bosnia with a particular focus on Sarajevo and East Sarajevo regions. The work is based on an extended literature review and on primary data collected by semi-structured interviews, performed in autumn 2011, with 30 urban gardeners as well as a number of extension agents, representatives of civil society organizations and officers in the municipal Departments for Urban Planning and Economy in central and eastern Bosnia. The paper (i) provides an overview of UPA in particular benefits, constraints and risks, and production sites, systems, and techniques; (ii) explores references to UPA in the main agricultural development po...
Frameworks and Cases on Evolutional Supply Chain
Perhaps no phenomenon has so quickly and radically challenged agri-food logistics as the onset of... more Perhaps no phenomenon has so quickly and radically challenged agri-food logistics as the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter postulates on the short- to longer-term implications of this public health crisis on food loss and waste (FLW) throughout the whole supply chain and the role of agri-food logistics. This chapter outlines examples of several logistic solutions deployed for dealing with FLW as the pandemic has unfolded. Furthermore, since COVID‐19 has opened a window of opportunity, this chapter indicates the potential of agri-food logistics to help manage FLW from farm to bin and beyond. In fact, the pandemic and its aftermath may improve agri-food logistics skills, practices, and innovation in a manner that mitigates day-to-day FLW. Moreover, this chapter advocates a rethinking of the opportunities arising from COVID-19 for the transformation of agri-food logistics in alignment with the UN's SDGs. This forms a practical framework for future research and application.
Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft
The farm holiday has the potential to rebound faster following the COVID-19 pandemic than many ot... more The farm holiday has the potential to rebound faster following the COVID-19 pandemic than many other forms of tourism. This potential is due to two elements that are abundant in the location of holiday farms: fresh air and sunlight. This conceptual paper synthesizes various streams of research that illustrate how fresh air and sunlight can improve both actual and perceived salutogenesis. This paper then offers a series of recommendations that farm stay venues can adopt in order to, explicitly and implicitly, infuse fresh air and sunshine elements in their marketing messages. Furthermore, there is potential in designing marketing messages for farm holidays that demand further research activities, continuous information and awareness raising.
The Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union – the present and the future EU Member States point of view
AGROFOR, 2016
The aim of this work was to analyze and find out the relation between socioeconomiccharacteristic... more The aim of this work was to analyze and find out the relation between socioeconomiccharacteristics of Albanian consumers and their behavior toward agrofoodproducts with ethical values. Organic, fair-trade and typical/traditional agrofoodproducts were ethical products object in this study. Information was collectedby face-to-face interviews with 311 adult Albanian consumers concentrated mainlyin the central, south-eastern, south-western and northern part of Albania. The Logitmodel is used to study correlation between consumers’ behavior and their socioeconomic characteristics such as: origin, age, gender, marital status, family size,children and elder presence, family monthly income, employment, level ofeducation and their knowledge about ethical agro-foods. Logistic regression is usedto predict a categorical (usually dichotomous) variable from a set of predictorvariables. Analyses demonstrated that only “Education”, “Age” and “Knowledgelevel about ethic food” have a significant cont...
AGROFOR, 2016
Food waste (FW) is seen as an obstacle to achieving food and nutrition security andfood systems s... more Food waste (FW) is seen as an obstacle to achieving food and nutrition security andfood systems sustainability. It is known in literature that households are significantcontributors to the total amount of FW. This paper reports on results of an onlinesurvey that was conducted from February to April 2015 with a random sample of281 Tunisian adults. The aim of the survey is to assess the knowledge and relativeimportance of FW; attitudes towards FW; impacts of behaviors regarding food andfood management; quantity and value of FW; as well as barriers and willingness tobehavioral change. The sample was not gender-balanced (71.2% female and 28.8%male). The majority of the respondents was young (70.8% aged between 18 and 34years) and has high education level (95.4% having university and PhD degrees).Food waste is prevalent in Tunisia as about the half of respondents declare thatthey throw food. The most wasted food products are fruits, vegetables, and cerealsand bakery products. Only 42.7% ...
ABSTRACT Concerns about conventional farming systems negative externalities, products quality and... more ABSTRACT Concerns about conventional farming systems negative externalities, products quality and safety, and export opportunities has fostered organic agriculture (OA) development in Serbia since the late 70’s. OA promotes sound agricultural systems based on health, ecology, fairness and care principles. During last years there was a significant OA development mainly due to governmental subsidies and an enabling environment. More than 3,000 certified Serbian farmers deal with OA on approximately 9,000 ha. The objective of this paper is to get an insight on OA in Serbia and on quality and safety of organic agro-food products (OAFP) taking into consideration chemical analyses and consumers’ perceptions. This paper is based on the literature and a self-administered questionnaire dealing with Serbian consumers’ perceptions towards quality and safety of OAFP. It attempts to analyse OA historical development, socio-economic relevance, opportunities and potential for its development, legislation and laws, financial support schemes and roles of public, private and civil institutions in the design and implementation of OA policies. Many questions have been addressed to analyse consumer perceptions: What are the main factors that lead consumers to purchase OAFP? Do consumers consider OAFP “safer” than conventional ones? And is there any connection between purchasing behaviour and safety perception? OA can insure safe agro-food products for Serbian consumers therefore institutional and market conditions should be improved for insuring its long-term development.
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Papers by Noureddin Driouech