Papers by Emmanuel Mzingula
Soil erosion has continued to be an alarming problem in the West Usambara highlands, Tanzania. Th... more Soil erosion has continued to be an alarming problem in the West Usambara highlands, Tanzania. This study was conducted to investigate the level of adoption of Soil Conservation Technologiess and crop productivity in the West Usambara highlands following intensive campaigns on SWC from the early 1980s. A sample of 98 randomly selected households from four villages responded to the survey. During data collection, a structured questionnaire survey, interviews, focus group discussions and observation method were used. Multiple linear regression, Pairedsamples t-test, and Chi-square were used for analysis in addition to descriptive statistics. Based on the variation of adoption, the Composite Index of Adoption was 0.512±0.156. The maximum and minimum Index adoption was 0.14 and 0.86 respectively. This indicates that each farming household managed to adopt at least one among the disseminated seven soil conservation technologies. Hence, the overall level of technology adoption was moderate. Grass strip, multipurpose trees and bench terraces were found to be the dominant technologies used by the majority of farmers in an integrated pattern. However, the study found overall significant association (χ 2 (3) =55. 237; p<0.001) of crop productivity between the two periods (before and after adoption of SCTs). Using t-test, the study also found a significant increase (p<0.001) in crop productivity before and after the adoption of SCTs. Therefore, it was concluded that the adoption of SCTs had a contribution on farm plot productivity in hillsides. The average household farm plot under soil conservation intervention in the hillside was 0.54±0.45 acre. However, an extension visit (p<0.05) and technical training (p<0.05) were found to have significant
Tanzania Social Action Fund phase three (TASAF III) has been implementing Productive Social Safet... more Tanzania Social Action Fund phase three (TASAF III) has been implementing Productive Social Safety Net (PSSN) interventions to poor households. In specific, TASAF III has been providing conditional cash to poor households in Kilole village since 2014 to enhance livelihoods. This study assessed livelihood impacts and sustainability of livestock farming initiated by poor households supported by TASAF III in Kilole village. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from 112 respondents who were selected by using simple random sampling. Structured questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16 to reveal descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages. The results show that there is an increase in number of households owning local chicken, cattle, ducks, goats and sheep since the inception of TASAF III. Livestock farming demonstrated high impact on raising household incomes and moderate impact on food security...
In the West Usambara Mountains Tanzania, the problem of soil erosion and depletion of water resou... more In the West Usambara Mountains Tanzania, the problem of soil erosion and depletion of water resources will continue to be a phenomenon that contributes in the reduction of crop production and increase household poverty, if adoption of conservation practices on soil and water is not effective. In this region particularly in Lushoto District, farmers have been disseminated with improved soil and water conservation practices including bench terraces, cut-off drains, planting of trees, planting of improved grasses, contour farming and mulching by the Tanzania government and other organization dealing with development of agriculture. This study assessed socio-economic factors affecting the intensity of adaption of soil and water conservation (SWC) practices in Lushoto District in the West Usambara Mountains. The study used a cross-sectional design whereby the quantitative approach was used. Simple random sampling was used to select four villages including Mambo, Tema, Nkelei and Emao of ...
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS, HUMANITIES, LITERATURE AND SCIENCE, Sep 4, 2020
Tanzania Social Action Fund phase three (TASAF III) launched PSSN programme to support poor house... more Tanzania Social Action Fund phase three (TASAF III) launched PSSN programme to support poor households in Makole village in 2014 to enhance their livelihoods using conditional cash transfer until 2019 when the first phase ended. This study assessed food security in TASAF III’s targeted households and identified coping strategies used in food shortfalls in Makole village Lushoto District Tanzania. A cross-sectional survey was adopted whereby structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 100 households selected by using simple random sampling. Data was analysed by using SPSS to reveal descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages which were presented in tables and figures. The results showed that 84% of surveyed households afforded three meals per day. Moreover, the study found that only two percent of surveyed households perceived as being food secured throughout a year while majority faced severe shortage of food in five months of the year from August to December. Main coping strategies to food insecurity include reducing a portion of diet (74%), reducing the number of meals (65.7%), relying on selling of livestock (63.3%), relying on casual labour (60.2%), relying on remittance (47.4%), exchanging livestock to food (40%) and utilizing child labour (33.3%). The study recommended that TASAF III should assist program targeted households to increase crop production and improve livestock farming as well as support establishment of non-farm activities such as small businesses in order to enhance strategies of eliminating poverty among households in Makole village and Lushoto District as a whol
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS, HUMANITIES, LITERATURE AND SCIENCE, Apr 15, 2020
Village Community Banks (VICOBA) are the fastest growing and highly dependable MFIs among the maj... more Village Community Banks (VICOBA) are the fastest growing and highly dependable MFIs among the majority of people in Tanzania particularly the rural poor who usually lack collaterals as pre-requisite of loan application in commercial banks which are centralised in urban areas. Despite the rapid development in microfinance institutions, sustenance of VICOBA in Tanzania remains uncertain because of inadequate information regarding their performance including the repayment of loans by borrowers. This study examined borrower determinants of loan repayment in VICOBA in Tanzania particularly for Mshikamano VICOBA. A cross-sectional research design was adopted whereas quantitative approach was applied. The study used stratified random sampling to select 62 borrowers including loan repayment defaulters and loan repayment non-defaulters from a total of 73 borrowers of 2018 VICOBA operational cycle. Structured questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection. SPSS was used to run descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis. The results show that there was 70% default rate of in Mshikamano VICOBA which is high. Borrower determinants of repaying loan in Mshikamano VICOBA include gender (β2= -3.564, p=0.018), business (β6= -2.073, p=0.023) and amount of loan (β9= 0.000, p=0.049). The study recommends that VICOBA should establish and adopt an effective appraisal system which will consider gender, business experience and size of loan requested to scrutinize potential borrowers in order to avoid loan repayment defaults
The access to microcredit for women in local government authorities is an essential financial ser... more The access to microcredit for women in local government authorities is an essential financial service to ensure empowerment of poor women and their families in alleviating poverty in Tanzania. This study was carried out to assess loan accessibility and women repayment performance in Council’s Women Development Fund of local governments in Tanzania particularly for Lushoto District Council. The study used secondary data of five financial years from 2015/2016 to 2019/2020 collected from council’s progress reports and women’s loan repayment records available in loan management unit. Simple random sampling was used to select 54 women group loans provided by Lushoto District Council through contractual repayment agreement signed between the district council (lender) and individual women entrepreneurial groups (borrower). SPSS computer software version 16 was used for data analysis to reveal descriptive statistics and ran binary logistic regression. Results show that there was an increase...
Soil erosion has continued to be an alarming problem in the West Usambara highlands, Tanzania. Th... more Soil erosion has continued to be an alarming problem in the West Usambara highlands, Tanzania. This study was conducted to investigate the level of adoption of Soil Conservation Technologiess and crop productivity in the West Usambara highlands following intensive campaigns on SWC from the early 1980s. A sample of 98 randomly selected households from four villages responded to the survey. During data collection, a structured questionnaire survey, interviews, focus group discussions and observation method were used. Multiple linear regression, Pairedsamples t-test, and Chi-square were used for analysis in addition to descriptive statistics. Based on the variation of adoption, the Composite Index of Adoption was 0.512±0.156. The maximum and minimum Index adoption was 0.14 and 0.86 respectively. This indicates that each farming household managed to adopt at least one among the disseminated seven soil conservation technologies. Hence, the overall level of technology adoption was moderat...
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2019
A smallholder dairy cattle farming has been practiced by farmers in Tanzania, particularly in rur... more A smallholder dairy cattle farming has been practiced by farmers in Tanzania, particularly in rural areas as a means of livelihood through income generated and food security although information about its impacts might not be clear from different locations. This study examined socioeconomic impacts of smallholder dairy cattle farming on the livelihood in Sunga ward of Lushoto District, Tanzania. A cross-sectional study design was adopted whereby quantitative approach was used. Simple random sampling was used to select 120 households from 384 total households practicing dairy cattle farming. The survey was used as the method of data collection. Structured questionnaire constructed from close and open ended questions was utilized as an instrument of data collection. Data analysis was done by using SPSS whereby the study revealed descriptive statistics and paired-samples t test. Results show that smallholder dairy cattle farming has a social impact on household food security due to increased crop yields (97.5%), milk consumption (74.8%) and selling of cattle (67.2%). Also, households improved access to education (79.2%), improved access to health services (84%) and increased assets (87.4%) such as buying of land, motorcycles and construction of houses. Moreover, dairy cattle farming has demonstrated economic impacts through direct income generated from selling milk (65.8%), using manure for agriculture (100%), income from selling cattle (71.7%) and perceived as a source of employment (92.5%). Income from selling milk contributes about 47% of annual income of the household. Through cattle manure application on cropping farms, average household annual income in Tanzania shillings (TZS) generated from crops was significantly increased to TZS 555300 from TZS 166600 in the period before household introduced cattle manure (t=10.188, p<0.001). This study recommends the government to allocate more extension officers in rural areas, particularly in Sunga ward in order to enhance knowledge and skills of farmers that can help to improve further their efficiency in dairy cattle rearing so as to increase their income and enhance food security for sustainable livelihood.
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Papers by Emmanuel Mzingula