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Mustapha MASUD

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Papers by Mustapha MASUD

Superficial Galactocelic Progression, Size-Variation and Assessment in a Patient

Advances in breast cancer research, 2017

Breast cysts (galactocele) form in the mammary gland from ductal obstruction. Multiple pathologic... more Breast cysts (galactocele) form in the mammary gland from ductal obstruction. Multiple pathologic entities may produce complex cystic breast lesions. Ultrasound is presently the first primary modality in breast evaluation after physical palpitation. We report a progressive case of multiple cysts in a 32-year-old woman, ranging from 28 mm to 20 mm. Though in-situ milk (sono-penic) appears sterile, the superficial presentation (externally) is that of a firm mass. Due to the known hazards of radioactive mammography, this case report proves the usefulness of sonar to image, map, measure, identify and diagnose breast pathology. In women with dense-heavy breast, ultrasound examination will play an important role in screening palpable and non-palpable masses.

Alive without a brain: Acrania/anencephaly, anhydraminios, abdominal-ascites, amelia and agenesis of the kidneys

Rwanda Medical Journal

A gravid middle-aged woman viewed on ultrasound demonstrated a viable anencephalic fetus at 25 we... more A gravid middle-aged woman viewed on ultrasound demonstrated a viable anencephalic fetus at 25 weeks gestational age. The absence of the bilateral cerebral hemisphere, cranial vault, anhydramnios, abdominal ascites, and phaco-rhizomelia was discovered. We discuss evidence-based quadra –amelia in a non-consanguineous (negroid) couple of a 25-week prenatal scan. Apart from amelia on all four limbs, the fetus had abdominal ascites with other dysmorphic features. Tetramelia is known to be caused by mutation of the WNTB gene; in close relative inter-marriages. A diagnosis of ascites, amelia, anencephaly/acrania, and anhydramnios was made, and the prognosis was documented in this report.

Fetal Ventricular Dilation; prelude to Dandy-Walker Syndrome and Hydrocephalus: Synopsis of Two Case Reports

Nepal Journal of Neuroscience

Accurate measurement of the 3rd and 4th ventricles is important in cases of prenatal and postnata... more Accurate measurement of the 3rd and 4th ventricles is important in cases of prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of suspected cranial anomalies. Ventricular dilation occurs with excess fluid in the embryologic ventricles during brain development, we make a comparative analysis of two case reports on a 23rd-week fetus and a 10-month-old neonate. Ultrasound findings related to horns and ventricular system through transfontanelle ultrasound (excluding any > 95th error margin and < 5th percentile) can be utilized for a specific diagnosis of ventricular dilation. Hydrocephalus is defined as the accumulation of excessive CSF resulting in dilation of the cerebrospinal compartment in the calvaria; which can be acquired or congenital in origin. Hydrocephalus can also be seen due to obstructed flow, faulty absorption, and overproduction of CSF (in the subarachnoid space) by a choroid plexus papilloma. The diameter of the anterior horn of the RT and LT (hydrocephalic) lateral ventricles meas...

Comparative sonographic review of benign and malignant breast masses

Journal of Solid Tumors, 2018

Complex breast masses may appear as suspicious ultrasound findings that usually warrant biopsy. D... more Complex breast masses may appear as suspicious ultrasound findings that usually warrant biopsy. Ductal cell carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) is a form of breast cancer with a non-uniform appearance and malignant potential. A longitudinal review of mammary gland ultrasound (with high frequency transducer) within a three-year period was conducted. Differential diagnosis of fibroadenoma, lactating adenoma, mastitis, galactocele, breast cancer, abscess and “general” masses greater than 16 mm in diameter was stratified. Based on the breast imaging reporting in data system (BIRADS), lesions were classified as benign or malignant and recommendations of cytology made in cases of observed overlap findings. Image sonomorphologic information on mass-echogenic halo and non-uniform orientation were documented; while malignant factors like scar tissue, focal fibrosis and papillomas may be associated with a false positive (conclusion) result. Doppler studies on further mass evaluation is encouraged.

Superficial Galactocelic Progression, Size-Variation and Assessment in a Patient

Advances in Breast Cancer Research, 2017

Breast cysts (galactocele) form in the mammary gland from ductal obstruction. Multiple pathologic... more Breast cysts (galactocele) form in the mammary gland from ductal obstruction. Multiple pathologic entities may produce complex cystic breast lesions. Ultrasound is presently the first primary modality in breast evaluation after physical palpitation. We report a progressive case of multiple cysts in a 32-year-old woman, ranging from 28 mm to 20 mm. Though in-situ milk (sono-penic) appears sterile, the superficial presentation (externally) is that of a firm mass. Due to the known hazards of radioactive mammography, this case report proves the usefulness of sonar to image, map, measure, identify and diagnose breast pathology. In women with dense-heavy breast, ultrasound examination will play an important role in screening palpable and non-palpable masses.

A survey on idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) managed by the Ponseti technique at Mulago Hospital - Uganda

The Pan African Medical Journal, 2021

Introduction Ponseti technique is the treatment of choice for idiopathic congential talipes equin... more Introduction Ponseti technique is the treatment of choice for idiopathic congential talipes equino varus (ICTEV) since 1950s with excellent treatment outcomes reported worldwide. However, despite the popularity of this technique, Uganda adapted it as a treatment modality for ICTEV in May 2005. Since then, the effectiveness of delivered Ponseti care to children with this very common orthopaedic deformity under the supervision of an orthopaedic surgeon was unknown. The implication of this undertaking was that, satisfactory outcomes would then support the Ministry of Health (MOH)-Uganda´s decision to embrace this mode of treatment and if the outcomes were unsatisfactory, MOH would then consider a policy revision in this regard. To assess the midterm treatment outcomes of children with ICTEV who had been enrolled for treatment at Mulago National Referral Hospital in the period of 2006-2009. Methods in November/December 2013, a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the treatment ...

Neurodegenerative Potential of the Aqueous Leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum : A Histological and Biochemical Study

Anatomy journal of Africa, 2015

Ocimum gratissimum is an herbaceous perennial shrub which is widely distributed in many regions. ... more Ocimum gratissimum is an herbaceous perennial shrub which is widely distributed in many regions. It is consumed in food as seasoning locally in Nigeria. In the present study, the effect of the acute administration of the aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum (AeOG) on prefrontal cortical neurons was checked to assess its neurotoxicity potential. Thirty adult male Wistar rats weighing between 190-210 g were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Group A (control) received 1 ml of normal saline (p.o), groups B-E received 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg AeOG (p.o) respectively. Treatment lasted for fourteen days. Twenty-four hours after treatment, animals were sacrificed and their brains were removed. The prefrontal cortices neuronal morphology was studied using haematoxylin and eosin (HE while activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assayed in the cerebral homogenate. AeOG administration at doses 300 and 400 mg/kg cause neuronal fragmentation and central chroma...

(Ventrodorsal) Symmetrical Bicornuate Uterus Mimicking a Pedunculated Myoma—A Case Report

Uterine anomalies account for about 4% in the most sampled population. Here we report a case of a... more Uterine anomalies account for about 4% in the most sampled population. Here we report a case of a 35 years old woman with occasional complaint of suprapelvic “heaviness”. She had an abnormal menstrual circle for the last 6 years. Manual palpitations were unrevealing and she appeared externally healthy. HSG was earlier performed as part of a fertility intervention (wrongly concluding on a detached form of pedunculated-myoma). Ultrasound revealed 2 separated fundal-cones, uterine cavities and a single inferior cervix. Cyesis in the bicornuate uterus is usually high-risk, making patients with uterine anomalies prone to proven misdiagnosis (e.g. appendicitis) and infertility. In addition, sonar further showed bilateral ovarian torsion. Corrective surgery was done in a hospital; post surgical healing was normal and uneventful.

Report on a Double Phrygian Cap and Phrygian prominence in a Nigerian population

It is debatable among anatomists whether the Phrygian cap of the gall bladder is an anomaly or an... more It is debatable among anatomists whether the Phrygian cap of the gall bladder is an anomaly or anatomic variation with an incidence of 4.0% reported. A 2-fold increase of 7.9% during a 5-year population study was observed in Lagos, Nigeria. A 48-year old male with minimal (non-acute) epigastric discomfort was referred for ultrasound after suspicious cholecystitis. On radiological evaluation, a double “Phrygian cap” was found by coincidence. There is no recent emphasis on double Phrygian cap study, thus it is reported for its rarity and difficulty in arriving at conclusive diagnosis. Common imaging choice is mostly by multi-slice CT for biliary aspects and appendages. Most Phrygian caps are asymptomatic with little or no pathologic consequence. Surgical intervention (cholecystectomy) for a Phrygian cap is only indicated in case of recurrent symptoms. To our knowledge, sparse anatomic and ultrasound literature exists on the Phrygian cap, thus the need for this rare case report.

From the Genesis of Down syndrome: What we know and what we still need toknow

Despite years of intensive studies on DS, the clinical importance and recent understanding betwee... more Despite years of intensive studies on DS, the clinical importance and recent understanding between the syndrome and maternal age, paternal age, habitual and environmental risk factors are relatively identified. Studies indicated that the vast majority of errors leading to trisomy 21 are due to errors in the egg, as nearly 90% of cases involve an additional maternal chromosome. There are many cases that the maternal is not prone to these risk factors but still by chance give birth to a child with DS. However, this can be attributed to altered chromosomal recombination. Today, technology has helped in the diagnosis of this anomaly with the invention of next generation sequencing technologies which enabled testing of multiple disease genes simultaneously, ranging from targeted gene panels to Exome Sequencing (ES) and Genome Sequencing (GS). A growing number of studies demonstrate that GS can detect an unparalleled range of pathogenic abnormalities in a single laboratory workflow. GS ha...

Towards Achieving SDG 3 and 4: The Role of University Research Through Implementation of Quality Assurance in East Africa

International Journal of Management and Leadership Studies

Education has been acknowledged to be a human right, a public good and a public responsibility. W... more Education has been acknowledged to be a human right, a public good and a public responsibility. Without inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong opportunities for all, nations will not succeed in achieving gender equality and breaking the cycle of poverty that is leaving millions of children, youth and adults behind (UNESCO, 2020). In the labour of attaining the sustainable development goals, quality education, good health and well-being - Goals 3 and 4 respectively - have been placed as the central dogma in achieving the global goals. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the role of university research through the implementation of quality assurance in attaining quality education, good health and well-being for sustainable development in East Africa. The paper examines the heart of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) - Quality Education & Good health and well-being - in the context of how university researchers can get it delivered. This paper perceives promot...

A Comparative Pathophysiological Study of Normal and Growth Retarded Human Placental Tissue

Physiology Journal, 2014

This study compares the pathophysiology of normal and growth retarded human placental tissues. Fe... more This study compares the pathophysiology of normal and growth retarded human placental tissues. Female patients were recruited from the Antenatal Clinic of Dolu Specialist Hospital, Mafoluku, Oshodi, Lagos, between 2008 and 2012. A total of 48 normal term placentas and 15 placentas of known IUGR cases were used for this study. IUGR cases were confirmed on the basis of ultrasound follow-up and diagnosis. Normal term placentas were collected at the point of delivery by a consultant gynaecologist, the cords were clamped, and membranes were then carefully trimmed after which each placenta was weighed. About 1 cm thickness of both normal and growth retarded placenta tissues was cut, processed for hematoxylin and eosin stain, while tissues for enzyme (ALP) assay were homogenized in cold 0.5 M sucrose solution. Comparative analysis of the data was done using ANOVA;P<0.05was taken as significant. The photomicrographs were observed/studied under light microscope, using the X150 and X600 ma...

Superficial Galactocelic Progression, Size-Variation and Assessment in a Patient

Advances in breast cancer research, 2017

Breast cysts (galactocele) form in the mammary gland from ductal obstruction. Multiple pathologic... more Breast cysts (galactocele) form in the mammary gland from ductal obstruction. Multiple pathologic entities may produce complex cystic breast lesions. Ultrasound is presently the first primary modality in breast evaluation after physical palpitation. We report a progressive case of multiple cysts in a 32-year-old woman, ranging from 28 mm to 20 mm. Though in-situ milk (sono-penic) appears sterile, the superficial presentation (externally) is that of a firm mass. Due to the known hazards of radioactive mammography, this case report proves the usefulness of sonar to image, map, measure, identify and diagnose breast pathology. In women with dense-heavy breast, ultrasound examination will play an important role in screening palpable and non-palpable masses.

Alive without a brain: Acrania/anencephaly, anhydraminios, abdominal-ascites, amelia and agenesis of the kidneys

Rwanda Medical Journal

A gravid middle-aged woman viewed on ultrasound demonstrated a viable anencephalic fetus at 25 we... more A gravid middle-aged woman viewed on ultrasound demonstrated a viable anencephalic fetus at 25 weeks gestational age. The absence of the bilateral cerebral hemisphere, cranial vault, anhydramnios, abdominal ascites, and phaco-rhizomelia was discovered. We discuss evidence-based quadra –amelia in a non-consanguineous (negroid) couple of a 25-week prenatal scan. Apart from amelia on all four limbs, the fetus had abdominal ascites with other dysmorphic features. Tetramelia is known to be caused by mutation of the WNTB gene; in close relative inter-marriages. A diagnosis of ascites, amelia, anencephaly/acrania, and anhydramnios was made, and the prognosis was documented in this report.

Fetal Ventricular Dilation; prelude to Dandy-Walker Syndrome and Hydrocephalus: Synopsis of Two Case Reports

Nepal Journal of Neuroscience

Accurate measurement of the 3rd and 4th ventricles is important in cases of prenatal and postnata... more Accurate measurement of the 3rd and 4th ventricles is important in cases of prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of suspected cranial anomalies. Ventricular dilation occurs with excess fluid in the embryologic ventricles during brain development, we make a comparative analysis of two case reports on a 23rd-week fetus and a 10-month-old neonate. Ultrasound findings related to horns and ventricular system through transfontanelle ultrasound (excluding any > 95th error margin and < 5th percentile) can be utilized for a specific diagnosis of ventricular dilation. Hydrocephalus is defined as the accumulation of excessive CSF resulting in dilation of the cerebrospinal compartment in the calvaria; which can be acquired or congenital in origin. Hydrocephalus can also be seen due to obstructed flow, faulty absorption, and overproduction of CSF (in the subarachnoid space) by a choroid plexus papilloma. The diameter of the anterior horn of the RT and LT (hydrocephalic) lateral ventricles meas...

Comparative sonographic review of benign and malignant breast masses

Journal of Solid Tumors, 2018

Complex breast masses may appear as suspicious ultrasound findings that usually warrant biopsy. D... more Complex breast masses may appear as suspicious ultrasound findings that usually warrant biopsy. Ductal cell carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) is a form of breast cancer with a non-uniform appearance and malignant potential. A longitudinal review of mammary gland ultrasound (with high frequency transducer) within a three-year period was conducted. Differential diagnosis of fibroadenoma, lactating adenoma, mastitis, galactocele, breast cancer, abscess and “general” masses greater than 16 mm in diameter was stratified. Based on the breast imaging reporting in data system (BIRADS), lesions were classified as benign or malignant and recommendations of cytology made in cases of observed overlap findings. Image sonomorphologic information on mass-echogenic halo and non-uniform orientation were documented; while malignant factors like scar tissue, focal fibrosis and papillomas may be associated with a false positive (conclusion) result. Doppler studies on further mass evaluation is encouraged.

Superficial Galactocelic Progression, Size-Variation and Assessment in a Patient

Advances in Breast Cancer Research, 2017

Breast cysts (galactocele) form in the mammary gland from ductal obstruction. Multiple pathologic... more Breast cysts (galactocele) form in the mammary gland from ductal obstruction. Multiple pathologic entities may produce complex cystic breast lesions. Ultrasound is presently the first primary modality in breast evaluation after physical palpitation. We report a progressive case of multiple cysts in a 32-year-old woman, ranging from 28 mm to 20 mm. Though in-situ milk (sono-penic) appears sterile, the superficial presentation (externally) is that of a firm mass. Due to the known hazards of radioactive mammography, this case report proves the usefulness of sonar to image, map, measure, identify and diagnose breast pathology. In women with dense-heavy breast, ultrasound examination will play an important role in screening palpable and non-palpable masses.

A survey on idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) managed by the Ponseti technique at Mulago Hospital - Uganda

The Pan African Medical Journal, 2021

Introduction Ponseti technique is the treatment of choice for idiopathic congential talipes equin... more Introduction Ponseti technique is the treatment of choice for idiopathic congential talipes equino varus (ICTEV) since 1950s with excellent treatment outcomes reported worldwide. However, despite the popularity of this technique, Uganda adapted it as a treatment modality for ICTEV in May 2005. Since then, the effectiveness of delivered Ponseti care to children with this very common orthopaedic deformity under the supervision of an orthopaedic surgeon was unknown. The implication of this undertaking was that, satisfactory outcomes would then support the Ministry of Health (MOH)-Uganda´s decision to embrace this mode of treatment and if the outcomes were unsatisfactory, MOH would then consider a policy revision in this regard. To assess the midterm treatment outcomes of children with ICTEV who had been enrolled for treatment at Mulago National Referral Hospital in the period of 2006-2009. Methods in November/December 2013, a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the treatment ...

Neurodegenerative Potential of the Aqueous Leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum : A Histological and Biochemical Study

Anatomy journal of Africa, 2015

Ocimum gratissimum is an herbaceous perennial shrub which is widely distributed in many regions. ... more Ocimum gratissimum is an herbaceous perennial shrub which is widely distributed in many regions. It is consumed in food as seasoning locally in Nigeria. In the present study, the effect of the acute administration of the aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum (AeOG) on prefrontal cortical neurons was checked to assess its neurotoxicity potential. Thirty adult male Wistar rats weighing between 190-210 g were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Group A (control) received 1 ml of normal saline (p.o), groups B-E received 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg AeOG (p.o) respectively. Treatment lasted for fourteen days. Twenty-four hours after treatment, animals were sacrificed and their brains were removed. The prefrontal cortices neuronal morphology was studied using haematoxylin and eosin (HE while activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assayed in the cerebral homogenate. AeOG administration at doses 300 and 400 mg/kg cause neuronal fragmentation and central chroma...

(Ventrodorsal) Symmetrical Bicornuate Uterus Mimicking a Pedunculated Myoma—A Case Report

Uterine anomalies account for about 4% in the most sampled population. Here we report a case of a... more Uterine anomalies account for about 4% in the most sampled population. Here we report a case of a 35 years old woman with occasional complaint of suprapelvic “heaviness”. She had an abnormal menstrual circle for the last 6 years. Manual palpitations were unrevealing and she appeared externally healthy. HSG was earlier performed as part of a fertility intervention (wrongly concluding on a detached form of pedunculated-myoma). Ultrasound revealed 2 separated fundal-cones, uterine cavities and a single inferior cervix. Cyesis in the bicornuate uterus is usually high-risk, making patients with uterine anomalies prone to proven misdiagnosis (e.g. appendicitis) and infertility. In addition, sonar further showed bilateral ovarian torsion. Corrective surgery was done in a hospital; post surgical healing was normal and uneventful.

Report on a Double Phrygian Cap and Phrygian prominence in a Nigerian population

It is debatable among anatomists whether the Phrygian cap of the gall bladder is an anomaly or an... more It is debatable among anatomists whether the Phrygian cap of the gall bladder is an anomaly or anatomic variation with an incidence of 4.0% reported. A 2-fold increase of 7.9% during a 5-year population study was observed in Lagos, Nigeria. A 48-year old male with minimal (non-acute) epigastric discomfort was referred for ultrasound after suspicious cholecystitis. On radiological evaluation, a double “Phrygian cap” was found by coincidence. There is no recent emphasis on double Phrygian cap study, thus it is reported for its rarity and difficulty in arriving at conclusive diagnosis. Common imaging choice is mostly by multi-slice CT for biliary aspects and appendages. Most Phrygian caps are asymptomatic with little or no pathologic consequence. Surgical intervention (cholecystectomy) for a Phrygian cap is only indicated in case of recurrent symptoms. To our knowledge, sparse anatomic and ultrasound literature exists on the Phrygian cap, thus the need for this rare case report.

From the Genesis of Down syndrome: What we know and what we still need toknow

Despite years of intensive studies on DS, the clinical importance and recent understanding betwee... more Despite years of intensive studies on DS, the clinical importance and recent understanding between the syndrome and maternal age, paternal age, habitual and environmental risk factors are relatively identified. Studies indicated that the vast majority of errors leading to trisomy 21 are due to errors in the egg, as nearly 90% of cases involve an additional maternal chromosome. There are many cases that the maternal is not prone to these risk factors but still by chance give birth to a child with DS. However, this can be attributed to altered chromosomal recombination. Today, technology has helped in the diagnosis of this anomaly with the invention of next generation sequencing technologies which enabled testing of multiple disease genes simultaneously, ranging from targeted gene panels to Exome Sequencing (ES) and Genome Sequencing (GS). A growing number of studies demonstrate that GS can detect an unparalleled range of pathogenic abnormalities in a single laboratory workflow. GS ha...

Towards Achieving SDG 3 and 4: The Role of University Research Through Implementation of Quality Assurance in East Africa

International Journal of Management and Leadership Studies

Education has been acknowledged to be a human right, a public good and a public responsibility. W... more Education has been acknowledged to be a human right, a public good and a public responsibility. Without inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong opportunities for all, nations will not succeed in achieving gender equality and breaking the cycle of poverty that is leaving millions of children, youth and adults behind (UNESCO, 2020). In the labour of attaining the sustainable development goals, quality education, good health and well-being - Goals 3 and 4 respectively - have been placed as the central dogma in achieving the global goals. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the role of university research through the implementation of quality assurance in attaining quality education, good health and well-being for sustainable development in East Africa. The paper examines the heart of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) - Quality Education & Good health and well-being - in the context of how university researchers can get it delivered. This paper perceives promot...

A Comparative Pathophysiological Study of Normal and Growth Retarded Human Placental Tissue

Physiology Journal, 2014

This study compares the pathophysiology of normal and growth retarded human placental tissues. Fe... more This study compares the pathophysiology of normal and growth retarded human placental tissues. Female patients were recruited from the Antenatal Clinic of Dolu Specialist Hospital, Mafoluku, Oshodi, Lagos, between 2008 and 2012. A total of 48 normal term placentas and 15 placentas of known IUGR cases were used for this study. IUGR cases were confirmed on the basis of ultrasound follow-up and diagnosis. Normal term placentas were collected at the point of delivery by a consultant gynaecologist, the cords were clamped, and membranes were then carefully trimmed after which each placenta was weighed. About 1 cm thickness of both normal and growth retarded placenta tissues was cut, processed for hematoxylin and eosin stain, while tissues for enzyme (ALP) assay were homogenized in cold 0.5 M sucrose solution. Comparative analysis of the data was done using ANOVA;P<0.05was taken as significant. The photomicrographs were observed/studied under light microscope, using the X150 and X600 ma...