The first comprehensive work on globalization within the context of sustainable development initi... more The first comprehensive work on globalization within the context of sustainable development initiatives in Africa.
Ridgeway argues that we can increase our understanding of the creation and perpetuation of gender... more Ridgeway argues that we can increase our understanding of the creation and perpetuation of gender inequality in the workplace by applying micro-level theories of social psychological processes that operate in such settings. We go beyond her arguments to propose that the degree of mixed-sex interaction in the workplace be viewed as a factor that produces differences in gender workplace inequalities. Specifically, we hypothesize that when the collective task-directed behavior in a work group involves face-to-face mixed-sex interaction, gender workplace inequalities will be greater than in settings where such behavior involves women and men working largely independently of each other This hypothesis is supported strongly by natural-setting data that compare gender workplace inequalities in agricultural research teams, where face-to-face interaction is present, with the same inequalities in agricultural extension settings, where there is little face-to-face interaction. Ridgeway (1997) argues that our understanding of gender inequalities in the workplace will be enhanced significantly if we rely more strongly on theories from a social psychology tradition that spell out the micro, interaction-based processes that underlie and perpetuate the observed inequalities. She acknowledges various macro arguments that attempt to explain gender inequalities, but boldly claims that "interactional mechanisms are sufficient in themselves to create gender inequality in pay and power among participants and to generate sex-typing of work" (1997:230). The main point of her argument is that "occupational arrangements and wage outcomes are interactionally mediated" (1997:225) in that "interacting with a concrete other evokes primary cultural roles for making sense of self and of other, pushing actors to sex categorize one another in ... hiring, job searches, placement, performance evaluation, task assignment, promotion, and dealing with customers, clients, bosses, coworkers, and subordinates" (1997:231). After identifying the micro theories that she believes are useful for explaining how this mediation takes place, Ridgeway challenges researchers to empirically test her claim in "organizationally chaotic" work settings, where these interactional processes are confounded less fully with institutionalized structural features that promote and perpetuate gender inequalities (1997:230-31). Beginning with Ridgeway's argument for gender inequalities, and following a nonexperimental strategy (see Cohen 1982; Cohen and Roper 1972), we compare two naturally formed work settings: one in which the processes described by Ridgeway are likely to operate so as to produce gender inequalities, and one in which we believe these processes are less likely to operate. Our approach is unique in that we go beyond Ridgeway's argument (described below) to hypothesize that gender inequalities will be *A Rockefeller Foundation African Dissertation Internship Award provided the funds for collecting the data used in this research.
Across the globe, high rates of crime and violence are undermining growth, threatening human welf... more Across the globe, high rates of crime and violence are undermining growth, threatening human welfare, and impeding social development, with the poor and vulnerable particularly affected. Kenya has experienced an increased incidence of crime and violence in the recent past, greatly affecting its growth and development. Kisumu is a small county bordering Lake Victoria in western Kenya, and is the main commercial and transport hub of western Kenya and the East African region. Kisumu County is an important focus given its high population and high rates of gang-related crime, and it is an ideal choice for training in urban crime and violence prevention. A rapid assessment was carried out in Kisumu County, Kenya in January 2019 under the crime and violence prevention training (CVPT) project of the Kenya accountable devolution program. The assessment explored the dynamics of crime and violence, risk and protective factors, and potential for their prevention. County assessments now precede ...
Utilizing a sample of 114 undergraduate students studying at the United States International Univ... more Utilizing a sample of 114 undergraduate students studying at the United States International University-Africa, this study analyzed the factors that impacted on body image dissatisfaction among young adults in Kenya. A quantitative design was utilized for the study. Data were collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed utilizing the SPSS software version 24 with beta (β ) coefficients as the main test statistic. The results showed that those studied had low levels of both body image consciousness and dissatisfaction and that, overall, they were free from the negative consequences of body image dissatisfaction. Regression analysis revealed that further showed that only 4 of 8 individual factors, none of the socio-cultural factors and only 1 of 4 control variables evaluated were significant predictors of body image dissatisfaction. The regression model explained 72.1 percent of the variance in body image dissatisfaction. It was concluded that, among oth...
A Journal article by Prof. Munyae Mulinge and Dr. Josephine Arasa, Faculty members in the Humanit... more A Journal article by Prof. Munyae Mulinge and Dr. Josephine Arasa, Faculty members in the Humanities and Social Sciences at USIU Africa
We critically examine current HIV/AIDS research practices to argue for a reorientation toward par... more We critically examine current HIV/AIDS research practices to argue for a reorientation toward participatory action research (PAR) for a more effective prevention of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Botswana. This position is based on the fact that, there being no known cure for AIDS, prevention remains the most viable approach to the disease. Unlike traditional (academic) research which mainly aims to generate knowledge, often for knowledge sake, PAR integrates policy formulation and change as part of its agenda. Also, through its ability to draw community members to the total research process, the approach is capable of creating a sense of ownership of and responsibility over research knowledge and programmes of action emanating from it on the part of community members. These, in our view, are essential for the successful prevention of HIV/AIDS through changes in attitudes toward and in the practice of sex.
Existing evidence shows that Nairobi is experiencing a serious housing problem. The existing hous... more Existing evidence shows that Nairobi is experiencing a serious housing problem. The existing housing stock is wholly deficient while the existing conventional housing supply mechanisms, both private and public, are not able to meet the housing 'demand' leave alone the 'need'. This situation is worsened by the rapid urbanization process Kenya is experiencing accompanied by the accelerated growth of the urban population through natural increase and the unprecedented movement of people from the rural areas to urban centres (Nairobi receives a disproportionate share of the migrants). The lower income groups are the worst hit by the urban housing. With their low levels of income and the high costs of conventional housing these are confined to finding affordable accomodation in informal housing areas which are mainly characterised by semi-permanent and temporary housing, and lack of services, utilities and ammenities. The persisting nature of informal housing in the urban ...
Across the globe, high rates of crime and violence are undermining growth, threatening human welf... more Across the globe, high rates of crime and violence are undermining growth, threatening human welfare, and impeding social development, with the poor and vulnerable particularly affected. Kenya has experienced an increased incidence of crime and violence in the recent past, greatly affecting its growth and development. Kisumu is a small county bordering Lake Victoria in western Kenya, and is the main commercial and transport hub of western Kenya and the East African region. Kisumu County is an important focus given its high population and high rates of gang-related crime, and it is an ideal choice for training in urban crime and violence prevention. A rapid assessment was carried out in Kisumu County, Kenya in January 2019 under the crime and violence prevention training (CVPT) project of the Kenya accountable devolution program. The assessment explored the dynamics of crime and violence, risk and protective factors, and potential for their prevention. County assessments now precede ...
A Journal article by Prof. Munyae Mulinge, a Lecturer at the School of Humanities and Social Scie... more A Journal article by Prof. Munyae Mulinge, a Lecturer at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences in USIU- Africa
The first comprehensive work on globalization within the context of sustainable development initi... more The first comprehensive work on globalization within the context of sustainable development initiatives in Africa.
Ridgeway argues that we can increase our understanding of the creation and perpetuation of gender... more Ridgeway argues that we can increase our understanding of the creation and perpetuation of gender inequality in the workplace by applying micro-level theories of social psychological processes that operate in such settings. We go beyond her arguments to propose that the degree of mixed-sex interaction in the workplace be viewed as a factor that produces differences in gender workplace inequalities. Specifically, we hypothesize that when the collective task-directed behavior in a work group involves face-to-face mixed-sex interaction, gender workplace inequalities will be greater than in settings where such behavior involves women and men working largely independently of each other This hypothesis is supported strongly by natural-setting data that compare gender workplace inequalities in agricultural research teams, where face-to-face interaction is present, with the same inequalities in agricultural extension settings, where there is little face-to-face interaction. Ridgeway (1997) argues that our understanding of gender inequalities in the workplace will be enhanced significantly if we rely more strongly on theories from a social psychology tradition that spell out the micro, interaction-based processes that underlie and perpetuate the observed inequalities. She acknowledges various macro arguments that attempt to explain gender inequalities, but boldly claims that "interactional mechanisms are sufficient in themselves to create gender inequality in pay and power among participants and to generate sex-typing of work" (1997:230). The main point of her argument is that "occupational arrangements and wage outcomes are interactionally mediated" (1997:225) in that "interacting with a concrete other evokes primary cultural roles for making sense of self and of other, pushing actors to sex categorize one another in ... hiring, job searches, placement, performance evaluation, task assignment, promotion, and dealing with customers, clients, bosses, coworkers, and subordinates" (1997:231). After identifying the micro theories that she believes are useful for explaining how this mediation takes place, Ridgeway challenges researchers to empirically test her claim in "organizationally chaotic" work settings, where these interactional processes are confounded less fully with institutionalized structural features that promote and perpetuate gender inequalities (1997:230-31). Beginning with Ridgeway's argument for gender inequalities, and following a nonexperimental strategy (see Cohen 1982; Cohen and Roper 1972), we compare two naturally formed work settings: one in which the processes described by Ridgeway are likely to operate so as to produce gender inequalities, and one in which we believe these processes are less likely to operate. Our approach is unique in that we go beyond Ridgeway's argument (described below) to hypothesize that gender inequalities will be *A Rockefeller Foundation African Dissertation Internship Award provided the funds for collecting the data used in this research.
Across the globe, high rates of crime and violence are undermining growth, threatening human welf... more Across the globe, high rates of crime and violence are undermining growth, threatening human welfare, and impeding social development, with the poor and vulnerable particularly affected. Kenya has experienced an increased incidence of crime and violence in the recent past, greatly affecting its growth and development. Kisumu is a small county bordering Lake Victoria in western Kenya, and is the main commercial and transport hub of western Kenya and the East African region. Kisumu County is an important focus given its high population and high rates of gang-related crime, and it is an ideal choice for training in urban crime and violence prevention. A rapid assessment was carried out in Kisumu County, Kenya in January 2019 under the crime and violence prevention training (CVPT) project of the Kenya accountable devolution program. The assessment explored the dynamics of crime and violence, risk and protective factors, and potential for their prevention. County assessments now precede ...
Utilizing a sample of 114 undergraduate students studying at the United States International Univ... more Utilizing a sample of 114 undergraduate students studying at the United States International University-Africa, this study analyzed the factors that impacted on body image dissatisfaction among young adults in Kenya. A quantitative design was utilized for the study. Data were collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed utilizing the SPSS software version 24 with beta (β ) coefficients as the main test statistic. The results showed that those studied had low levels of both body image consciousness and dissatisfaction and that, overall, they were free from the negative consequences of body image dissatisfaction. Regression analysis revealed that further showed that only 4 of 8 individual factors, none of the socio-cultural factors and only 1 of 4 control variables evaluated were significant predictors of body image dissatisfaction. The regression model explained 72.1 percent of the variance in body image dissatisfaction. It was concluded that, among oth...
A Journal article by Prof. Munyae Mulinge and Dr. Josephine Arasa, Faculty members in the Humanit... more A Journal article by Prof. Munyae Mulinge and Dr. Josephine Arasa, Faculty members in the Humanities and Social Sciences at USIU Africa
We critically examine current HIV/AIDS research practices to argue for a reorientation toward par... more We critically examine current HIV/AIDS research practices to argue for a reorientation toward participatory action research (PAR) for a more effective prevention of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Botswana. This position is based on the fact that, there being no known cure for AIDS, prevention remains the most viable approach to the disease. Unlike traditional (academic) research which mainly aims to generate knowledge, often for knowledge sake, PAR integrates policy formulation and change as part of its agenda. Also, through its ability to draw community members to the total research process, the approach is capable of creating a sense of ownership of and responsibility over research knowledge and programmes of action emanating from it on the part of community members. These, in our view, are essential for the successful prevention of HIV/AIDS through changes in attitudes toward and in the practice of sex.
Existing evidence shows that Nairobi is experiencing a serious housing problem. The existing hous... more Existing evidence shows that Nairobi is experiencing a serious housing problem. The existing housing stock is wholly deficient while the existing conventional housing supply mechanisms, both private and public, are not able to meet the housing 'demand' leave alone the 'need'. This situation is worsened by the rapid urbanization process Kenya is experiencing accompanied by the accelerated growth of the urban population through natural increase and the unprecedented movement of people from the rural areas to urban centres (Nairobi receives a disproportionate share of the migrants). The lower income groups are the worst hit by the urban housing. With their low levels of income and the high costs of conventional housing these are confined to finding affordable accomodation in informal housing areas which are mainly characterised by semi-permanent and temporary housing, and lack of services, utilities and ammenities. The persisting nature of informal housing in the urban ...
Across the globe, high rates of crime and violence are undermining growth, threatening human welf... more Across the globe, high rates of crime and violence are undermining growth, threatening human welfare, and impeding social development, with the poor and vulnerable particularly affected. Kenya has experienced an increased incidence of crime and violence in the recent past, greatly affecting its growth and development. Kisumu is a small county bordering Lake Victoria in western Kenya, and is the main commercial and transport hub of western Kenya and the East African region. Kisumu County is an important focus given its high population and high rates of gang-related crime, and it is an ideal choice for training in urban crime and violence prevention. A rapid assessment was carried out in Kisumu County, Kenya in January 2019 under the crime and violence prevention training (CVPT) project of the Kenya accountable devolution program. The assessment explored the dynamics of crime and violence, risk and protective factors, and potential for their prevention. County assessments now precede ...
A Journal article by Prof. Munyae Mulinge, a Lecturer at the School of Humanities and Social Scie... more A Journal article by Prof. Munyae Mulinge, a Lecturer at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences in USIU- Africa
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