Church forests provide secured habitat for plants and animals, seed banks for native plants, sour... more Church forests provide secured habitat for plants and animals, seed banks for native plants, source of food and medicines, income source and reduce soil erosion. They are threatened by livestock grazing, harvesting of timber and nontimber forest products, conversion to farmlands and the replacement of indigenous trees by economically important tree species. So, this study aimed to estimate households' willingness to pay for the conservation of church forests using doublebounded contingent valuation method followed by open-ended questions. The study specifically aimed to assess the households' willingness to pay decision, to elicit households' willingness to pay in terms of cash and labor and to analyze factors affecting households' maximum willingness to pay. A total of 300 households was selected using a multistage sampling technique followed by a probability proportional to sample size. The result indicated that the mean willingness to pay of the respondents in cash and labor is 178 ETB and 71.51 man-days per year, respectively. On the other hand, the model result indicated that annual income, social position, membership to mahiber/senbete and size of the land near to church
The main focus of this review is to identify the major drivers of Ethiopian Economic Growth. A de... more The main focus of this review is to identify the major drivers of Ethiopian Economic Growth. A deep literature review was done on 12 papers conducted in Ethiopia between year 2011 and 2015. The review result shows that Economic growth, as measured by GDP, is highly and positively influenced by human capital investment and export in both short and long run. In the same token, public expenditure (for productive sector), private investment, real exchange rate and household consumption are also important in determining economic growth, especially in the long run. The study finally recommends that Ethiopia should seriously work in sustaining the current progress in growth hemisphere. For this purpose the country need to promote private and public sector investment, human capital development and institutional capacity building.
The main objective of this study is to examine the level and determinants of technical efficiency... more The main objective of this study is to examine the level and determinants of technical efficiency of smallholder Teff producers in Ethiopia using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), with appropriate production function, trans-log by LR test. Secondary data from Ethiopian socio-economic survey were used for the analysis. The result of Maximum likelihood Estimate (MLE) shows that area, fertilizer and fragmentation of land are major factors that influence productivity, and output elasticity has positive response on area, labour and fertilizer inputs. The average estimated technical efficiency of small holder farmers ranges from 0.13 to 0.92%, with mean efficiency of 73%. This implies that Teff productivity can be increased by 27% at existing level of technology. The result also shows there is inefficiency in production of Teff since discrepancy ratio gamma, is high and about 0.85. The study also identified that agro-ecology zones, age, extension, seed type, other income are the major socio economic factors influencing efficiency. Finally, the study recommends that policy geared towards the enhancement of productive efficiency of smallholder, through the appropriate consideration of inputs, socio economic factors and other facilities are important to address problem of food insecurity in Ethiopia.
Journal of Economics and International Finance, 2018
This study investigated the relationship between real effective exchange rate and balance of paym... more This study investigated the relationship between real effective exchange rate and balance of payment in Ethiopia using annual data spanning the period of 1976 to 2015. The analysis was based on a cointegrated vector autoregressive approach. The methodology of the study begins with Augmented Dickey-Fuller stationarity tests of the data and the Johansen cointegration rank test that revealed current account, real gross domestic product, real effective exchange rate, budget deficit, interest rate and inflation rate to be cointegrated with one cointegrated relationship and thus share long-run equilibrium relationships. Empirical results suggest that real effective exchange rates do play a role in determining the short and long-run behavior of the Ethiopian current account. Thus, there is strong indication for the Marshall-Lerner condition to hold in Ethiopia, as the current account improved in the long run in response to depreciation in the real effective exchange rate. The result of the long run relationship from the vector error correction model, together with the outcome of impulse response function signify that, following devaluation in the real effective exchange rate, current account first deteriorates before it later improves, that is exhibiting the J-curve pattern. Accordingly, the major policy implication of this study is the depreciation of the real effective exchange rate by taking the macroeconomic realities of the country into account while advocating export promotion and import substitution strategies.
Investment is considered as a crucial element of economic growth and post 2015 development agenda... more Investment is considered as a crucial element of economic growth and post 2015 development agendas. The main aim of this study is to assess the determinants of private investment. For this purpose, concentrated and careful literature review was done on 11 papers conducted in nine African countries. Eight variables were considered for analysis. The result shows that output/national income, public investment and exchange rate are the critical variables affecting the performance of private investment. The others variables: interest rate, credit, inflation rate, international trade, and money supply are also slightly important in explaining the performance of private investment. The study finally recommends that countries should seriously work in creating enabling environment for private investment.
In many developing countries solid waste management has become a serious challenge. Improper soli... more In many developing countries solid waste management has become a serious challenge. Improper solid waste management has very high socio-economic and environmental costs that have not usually been critically considered by economic agents. Environmental quality value can usually be estimated from people’s willingness to pay to improve or to restore their environment. Hence, the main objective of this study is to find out the determinants of households’ willingness to pay for improved solid waste management in Ethiopia, a case study of Jimma Town. A total of 200 samples are randomly selected from four kebeles in Jimma town. The study used descriptive analysis, independent t-tests, correlation, cross tabulation and binary logistic regression. The result shows that the majority, which is 88.5 percent, of the respondents stated that they have a concern for environmental protection and safety. More than half of the respondents (56%) are not satisfied with the existing solid waste managemen...
Education is one of the most important instruments in alleviating poverty and bringing about sust... more Education is one of the most important instruments in alleviating poverty and bringing about sustainable socio-economic development. Students are at the center of Education and Educational System. They always make study field and occupation choices that determine their future life. The main aim of this study is to analyze Business and Economics Students’ study field and future occupation choice in Jimma University. A total of 120 samples are taken from three departments (Accounting and Finance, Economics and Management) of College of Business and Economics. The study applied descriptive analysis, correlation, cross tabulation and binary logistic regression. The outcome of descriptive analysis shows that students’ study field choice is influenced by many issues. The most important are: Job related factors (opportunity, security, and flexibility); Influence of family, teachers, friends and role models; and opportunities for future professional development. As regard to the desire for ...
The study analyzes the determinants of poverty and their implications in rural areas of Ethiopia.... more The study analyzes the determinants of poverty and their implications in rural areas of Ethiopia. A survey of three hundred forty eight (348) household heads was undertaken in four woredas around Gilgel Gibe Hydroelectric Dam, Ethiopia, in the year 2015. Binary Logistic regression is applied to find out the main factors responsible for poverty in the study area. The result from regression shows that distance from local market is positively and significantly related to the probability of being in poverty. On the other hand, work experience of household head, livestock possession, and access to market information considerably decrease households’ chance of being in poverty. The study finally suggests that in order to alleviate the prevailing poverty situation due attention should be given to the improvement and strengthening of access to information and market to rural residents. Consideration should also be given to improve the ownership of productive resources. In this regard, the r...
International journal of scientific and research publications, 2016
Youth Unemployment is one of the most critical issues at global level. It represents the underuti... more Youth Unemployment is one of the most critical issues at global level. It represents the underutilization of scarce and precious resources, that would be important for nations’ socio-economic development. This study deals with identifying the main factors responsible for youth unemployment and constraints they face in self-employment in Ethiopia. It is based on the cross sectional data collected by Central Statistical Agency (CSA) in 2015. From all regions of the country, a total of 16,984 samples are considered for analysis. Using descriptive and cross tabulation analysis, the study shows that youth unemployment is highly related with regional location, sex, marital status and education. The analysis also shows youths’ dream to create their own job is constrained highly by shortage of finance and lack of work place. The government and others stakeholders need to consider the above determinants and challenges for future intervention.
This study aims to assess the nutritional status and associated factors of children age five year... more This study aims to assess the nutritional status and associated factors of children age five years and below in Ethiopia. The study uses secondary data obtained from 2011 Ethiopian demographic and health survey SPSS stored data. A total of9622 of children agedfive years and below which contain the necessary information were considered in this study, analysed within a theoretical framework based on a health production function. Descriptive, binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using STATA version 12 and R version 3.1.1. Thirty five percent and 37percent of children were underweight and stunted. The results from bivariate chi-square analysis indicated that a number of variables were significantly related to underweighting and stunting. In addition to analyzing underweighting and stunting for the whole sample, we have also separately analyzed for urban and rural households, and found that the determinants differed. Electric power and television access, longer...
International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences
Investment is considered as a crucial element of economic growth and post 2015 development agenda... more Investment is considered as a crucial element of economic growth and post 2015 development agendas. The main aim of this study is to assess the determinants of private investment. For this purpose, concentrated and careful literature review was done on 11 papers conducted in nine African countries. Eight variables were considered for analysis. The result shows that output/national income, public investment and exchange rate are the critical variables affecting the performance of private investment. The others variables: interest rate, credit, inflation rate, international trade, and money supply are also slightly important in explaining the performance of private investment. The study finally recommends that countries should seriously work in creating enabling environment for private investment.
Education is one of the most important instruments in alleviating poverty and bringing about sust... more Education is one of the most important instruments in alleviating poverty and bringing about sustainable socioeconomic development. Students are at the center of Education and Educational System. They always make study field and occupation choices that determine their future life. The main aim of this study is to analyze Business and Economics Students' study field and future occupation choice in Jimma University. A total of 120 samples are taken from three departments (Accounting and Finance, Economics and Management) of College of Business and Economics. The study applied descriptive analysis, correlation, cross tabulation and binary logistic regression. The outcome of descriptive analysis shows that students' study field choice is influenced by many issues. The most important are: Job related factors (opportunity, security, and flexibility); Influence of family, teachers, friends and role models; and opportunities for future professional development. As regard to the desire for future occupation, the majority prefers employment in different institutions, especially governmental developmental institutions (in financial institutions like banks). Around 24% of the samples have an intention of self employment. Binary logistic regression result shows that a desire for self employment is determined by sex, training, personal and family experiences about business activities.
Church forests provide secured habitat for plants and animals, seed banks for native plants, sour... more Church forests provide secured habitat for plants and animals, seed banks for native plants, source of food and medicines, income source and reduce soil erosion. They are threatened by livestock grazing, harvesting of timber and nontimber forest products, conversion to farmlands and the replacement of indigenous trees by economically important tree species. So, this study aimed to estimate households' willingness to pay for the conservation of church forests using doublebounded contingent valuation method followed by open-ended questions. The study specifically aimed to assess the households' willingness to pay decision, to elicit households' willingness to pay in terms of cash and labor and to analyze factors affecting households' maximum willingness to pay. A total of 300 households was selected using a multistage sampling technique followed by a probability proportional to sample size. The result indicated that the mean willingness to pay of the respondents in cash and labor is 178 ETB and 71.51 man-days per year, respectively. On the other hand, the model result indicated that annual income, social position, membership to mahiber/senbete and size of the land near to church
The main focus of this review is to identify the major drivers of Ethiopian Economic Growth. A de... more The main focus of this review is to identify the major drivers of Ethiopian Economic Growth. A deep literature review was done on 12 papers conducted in Ethiopia between year 2011 and 2015. The review result shows that Economic growth, as measured by GDP, is highly and positively influenced by human capital investment and export in both short and long run. In the same token, public expenditure (for productive sector), private investment, real exchange rate and household consumption are also important in determining economic growth, especially in the long run. The study finally recommends that Ethiopia should seriously work in sustaining the current progress in growth hemisphere. For this purpose the country need to promote private and public sector investment, human capital development and institutional capacity building.
The main objective of this study is to examine the level and determinants of technical efficiency... more The main objective of this study is to examine the level and determinants of technical efficiency of smallholder Teff producers in Ethiopia using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), with appropriate production function, trans-log by LR test. Secondary data from Ethiopian socio-economic survey were used for the analysis. The result of Maximum likelihood Estimate (MLE) shows that area, fertilizer and fragmentation of land are major factors that influence productivity, and output elasticity has positive response on area, labour and fertilizer inputs. The average estimated technical efficiency of small holder farmers ranges from 0.13 to 0.92%, with mean efficiency of 73%. This implies that Teff productivity can be increased by 27% at existing level of technology. The result also shows there is inefficiency in production of Teff since discrepancy ratio gamma, is high and about 0.85. The study also identified that agro-ecology zones, age, extension, seed type, other income are the major socio economic factors influencing efficiency. Finally, the study recommends that policy geared towards the enhancement of productive efficiency of smallholder, through the appropriate consideration of inputs, socio economic factors and other facilities are important to address problem of food insecurity in Ethiopia.
Journal of Economics and International Finance, 2018
This study investigated the relationship between real effective exchange rate and balance of paym... more This study investigated the relationship between real effective exchange rate and balance of payment in Ethiopia using annual data spanning the period of 1976 to 2015. The analysis was based on a cointegrated vector autoregressive approach. The methodology of the study begins with Augmented Dickey-Fuller stationarity tests of the data and the Johansen cointegration rank test that revealed current account, real gross domestic product, real effective exchange rate, budget deficit, interest rate and inflation rate to be cointegrated with one cointegrated relationship and thus share long-run equilibrium relationships. Empirical results suggest that real effective exchange rates do play a role in determining the short and long-run behavior of the Ethiopian current account. Thus, there is strong indication for the Marshall-Lerner condition to hold in Ethiopia, as the current account improved in the long run in response to depreciation in the real effective exchange rate. The result of the long run relationship from the vector error correction model, together with the outcome of impulse response function signify that, following devaluation in the real effective exchange rate, current account first deteriorates before it later improves, that is exhibiting the J-curve pattern. Accordingly, the major policy implication of this study is the depreciation of the real effective exchange rate by taking the macroeconomic realities of the country into account while advocating export promotion and import substitution strategies.
Investment is considered as a crucial element of economic growth and post 2015 development agenda... more Investment is considered as a crucial element of economic growth and post 2015 development agendas. The main aim of this study is to assess the determinants of private investment. For this purpose, concentrated and careful literature review was done on 11 papers conducted in nine African countries. Eight variables were considered for analysis. The result shows that output/national income, public investment and exchange rate are the critical variables affecting the performance of private investment. The others variables: interest rate, credit, inflation rate, international trade, and money supply are also slightly important in explaining the performance of private investment. The study finally recommends that countries should seriously work in creating enabling environment for private investment.
In many developing countries solid waste management has become a serious challenge. Improper soli... more In many developing countries solid waste management has become a serious challenge. Improper solid waste management has very high socio-economic and environmental costs that have not usually been critically considered by economic agents. Environmental quality value can usually be estimated from people’s willingness to pay to improve or to restore their environment. Hence, the main objective of this study is to find out the determinants of households’ willingness to pay for improved solid waste management in Ethiopia, a case study of Jimma Town. A total of 200 samples are randomly selected from four kebeles in Jimma town. The study used descriptive analysis, independent t-tests, correlation, cross tabulation and binary logistic regression. The result shows that the majority, which is 88.5 percent, of the respondents stated that they have a concern for environmental protection and safety. More than half of the respondents (56%) are not satisfied with the existing solid waste managemen...
Education is one of the most important instruments in alleviating poverty and bringing about sust... more Education is one of the most important instruments in alleviating poverty and bringing about sustainable socio-economic development. Students are at the center of Education and Educational System. They always make study field and occupation choices that determine their future life. The main aim of this study is to analyze Business and Economics Students’ study field and future occupation choice in Jimma University. A total of 120 samples are taken from three departments (Accounting and Finance, Economics and Management) of College of Business and Economics. The study applied descriptive analysis, correlation, cross tabulation and binary logistic regression. The outcome of descriptive analysis shows that students’ study field choice is influenced by many issues. The most important are: Job related factors (opportunity, security, and flexibility); Influence of family, teachers, friends and role models; and opportunities for future professional development. As regard to the desire for ...
The study analyzes the determinants of poverty and their implications in rural areas of Ethiopia.... more The study analyzes the determinants of poverty and their implications in rural areas of Ethiopia. A survey of three hundred forty eight (348) household heads was undertaken in four woredas around Gilgel Gibe Hydroelectric Dam, Ethiopia, in the year 2015. Binary Logistic regression is applied to find out the main factors responsible for poverty in the study area. The result from regression shows that distance from local market is positively and significantly related to the probability of being in poverty. On the other hand, work experience of household head, livestock possession, and access to market information considerably decrease households’ chance of being in poverty. The study finally suggests that in order to alleviate the prevailing poverty situation due attention should be given to the improvement and strengthening of access to information and market to rural residents. Consideration should also be given to improve the ownership of productive resources. In this regard, the r...
International journal of scientific and research publications, 2016
Youth Unemployment is one of the most critical issues at global level. It represents the underuti... more Youth Unemployment is one of the most critical issues at global level. It represents the underutilization of scarce and precious resources, that would be important for nations’ socio-economic development. This study deals with identifying the main factors responsible for youth unemployment and constraints they face in self-employment in Ethiopia. It is based on the cross sectional data collected by Central Statistical Agency (CSA) in 2015. From all regions of the country, a total of 16,984 samples are considered for analysis. Using descriptive and cross tabulation analysis, the study shows that youth unemployment is highly related with regional location, sex, marital status and education. The analysis also shows youths’ dream to create their own job is constrained highly by shortage of finance and lack of work place. The government and others stakeholders need to consider the above determinants and challenges for future intervention.
This study aims to assess the nutritional status and associated factors of children age five year... more This study aims to assess the nutritional status and associated factors of children age five years and below in Ethiopia. The study uses secondary data obtained from 2011 Ethiopian demographic and health survey SPSS stored data. A total of9622 of children agedfive years and below which contain the necessary information were considered in this study, analysed within a theoretical framework based on a health production function. Descriptive, binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using STATA version 12 and R version 3.1.1. Thirty five percent and 37percent of children were underweight and stunted. The results from bivariate chi-square analysis indicated that a number of variables were significantly related to underweighting and stunting. In addition to analyzing underweighting and stunting for the whole sample, we have also separately analyzed for urban and rural households, and found that the determinants differed. Electric power and television access, longer...
International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences
Investment is considered as a crucial element of economic growth and post 2015 development agenda... more Investment is considered as a crucial element of economic growth and post 2015 development agendas. The main aim of this study is to assess the determinants of private investment. For this purpose, concentrated and careful literature review was done on 11 papers conducted in nine African countries. Eight variables were considered for analysis. The result shows that output/national income, public investment and exchange rate are the critical variables affecting the performance of private investment. The others variables: interest rate, credit, inflation rate, international trade, and money supply are also slightly important in explaining the performance of private investment. The study finally recommends that countries should seriously work in creating enabling environment for private investment.
Education is one of the most important instruments in alleviating poverty and bringing about sust... more Education is one of the most important instruments in alleviating poverty and bringing about sustainable socioeconomic development. Students are at the center of Education and Educational System. They always make study field and occupation choices that determine their future life. The main aim of this study is to analyze Business and Economics Students' study field and future occupation choice in Jimma University. A total of 120 samples are taken from three departments (Accounting and Finance, Economics and Management) of College of Business and Economics. The study applied descriptive analysis, correlation, cross tabulation and binary logistic regression. The outcome of descriptive analysis shows that students' study field choice is influenced by many issues. The most important are: Job related factors (opportunity, security, and flexibility); Influence of family, teachers, friends and role models; and opportunities for future professional development. As regard to the desire for future occupation, the majority prefers employment in different institutions, especially governmental developmental institutions (in financial institutions like banks). Around 24% of the samples have an intention of self employment. Binary logistic regression result shows that a desire for self employment is determined by sex, training, personal and family experiences about business activities.
Uploads
Papers by Muhdin Batu