Papers by Muhammad Shahzad
The two step reversible chemical reaction involving five chemical species is investigated. The qu... more The two step reversible chemical reaction involving five chemical species is investigated. The quasi equilibrium manifold (QEM) and spectral quasi equilibrium manifold (SQEM) are used for initial approximation to simplify the mechanisms, which we want to utilize in order to investigate the behavior of the desired species. They show a meaningful picture, but for maximum clarity, the investigation method of invariant grid (MIG) is employed. These methods simplify the complex chemical kinetics and deduce low dimensional manifold (LDM) from the high dimensional mechanism. The coverage of the species near equilibrium point is investigated and then we shall discuss moving along the equilibrium of ODEs. The steady state behavior is observed and the Lyapunov function is utilized to study the stability of ODEs. Graphical results are used to describe the physical aspects of measurements.
![Research paper thumbnail of Anti-arthritic activity of N′-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(3,4-dimethyl-5,5-dioxidopyrazolo[4,3-c][1,2]benzothiazin-1(4H)-yl)acetohydrazide](https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg)
Anti-arthritic activity of N′-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(3,4-dimethyl-5,5-dioxidopyrazolo[4,3-c][1,2]benzothiazin-1(4H)-yl)acetohydrazide
European Journal of Pharmacology, 2014
Benzothiazine and pyrazole derivatives possess anti-inflammatory properties. Previously, synergis... more Benzothiazine and pyrazole derivatives possess anti-inflammatory properties. Previously, synergism of both heterocyclic moieties into a single nucleus has shown to produce biologically active N'-arylmethylidene-2-(3,4-dimethyl-5,5-dioxidopyrazolo(4,3-c)(1,2)benzothiazin-2(4H)yl)acetohydrazides) compound. Present study investigates the anti-arthritic effect and possible mechanism of 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl derivative (DHP) in…
Zingiber officinaleameliorates allergic asthma via suppression of Th2-mediated immune response
Pharmaceutical Biology, 2014
Abstract Context: Ginger has been used commonly in the traditional system of medicine for the tre... more Abstract Context: Ginger has been used commonly in the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of respiratory disorders. The present study investigates the immunosuppressive activity of ginger by using the mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. Treatment with ethanol extract (500 mg/kg) and aqueous extract (720 mg/kg) of rhizomes, and methylprednisolone (5 mg/kg) was initiated 1 week after second sensitization of mice with ovalbumin and continued for 7 d. RT-PCR followed by gel electrophoresis and ELISA were used for the evaluation of mRNA expression levels and protein levels of Th2 type markers, respectively. Lung tissue histopathology was conducted by using…
Nitric Oxide in Both Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Serum Is Associated With Pathogenesis and Severity of Antigen-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Rats
Journal of Asthma, 2010
Nitric oxide (NO) is considered as a hallmark for allergic airway inflammation in asthmatics and ... more Nitric oxide (NO) is considered as a hallmark for allergic airway inflammation in asthmatics and animal models. But the correlation between NO and antigen-induced pulmonary inflammation (AIPI), a rat model for asthma, in varying genetic background population has not been completely understood. The objective in this study is to observe the different responsiveness to AIPI in two commonly used inbred rat strains and verify the correlation between NO from different sources and pathological parameters of AIPI by using Dark Agouti (DA), E3, F1 (E3 x DA), and F2 rat populations. AIPI was induced by systemically immunizing and intranasally challenging E3, DA, F1 (DA x E3), and F2 rats with ovalbumin (OVA). Pathological changes and mucus secretion in lungs were observed after hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining, whereas eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted after Giemsa staining. Delayed-type hyperresponsiveness was determined by subcutaneous injection of OVA in ear. Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and OVA-specific IgG1 were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NO concentration was measured by the Griess method. DA rats were unresponsive to OVA treatment, whereas E3 rats were susceptible to AIPI. F1 rats manifested the same responsiveness to OVA treatment as DA rats, and individual F2 rats showed the variable severity of AIPI. NO concentration in BALF and serum was significantly elevated in E3 rats but not in DA and F1 rats after OVA treatment. In F2 rats, NO concentration in serum was positively correlated with eosinophils in BALF, total IgE, and pathological scores, whereas NO concentration in BALF correlated only with eosinophils in BALF and total IgE. DA and F1 rats are resistant, whereas E3 rats are sensitive, to AIPI. NO in serum can represent the severity of allergic inflammation and pathological changes in lungs in F2 population.
Inflammation Research, 2009
Objective and design Aim of this study is to explore the expression stability of 12 commonly used... more Objective and design Aim of this study is to explore the expression stability of 12 commonly used housekeeping genes in inflammation condition. Materials and methods Two rat models, pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) and antigen-induced pulmonary inflammation (AIPI) were established and reverse transcription-PCR was performed from rat spleens and inguinal lymph nodes. The reference gene expression fluctuated in the immune-associated tissues and 18S rRNA expression from the various inflammatory conditions was the most stably in all examined gene expression. Besides, peptidylprolyl isomerase A and beta-glucuronidase in PIA spleens, betaactin and GAPDH in PIA inguinal lymph nodes, and peptidylprolyl isomerase A and beta-actin in AIPI spleens, expressed more stably than others. These results were further confirmed by expression study of TNF-alpha in PIA rat inguinal lymph nodes. Conclusion We suggest that the stable gene mentioned above or geometric mean of three best references in each experimental condition should be used as the reference and the variable ones should be avoided in similar study designs.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2012
2), RVF post cardiac surgery (1), RVF post LVAD implantation (2) and RVF post acute myocardial in... more 2), RVF post cardiac surgery (1), RVF post LVAD implantation (2) and RVF post acute myocardial infarction (1). All patients were in cardiogenic shock prior to Impella RP implant.The percutaneous implant of the device was feasible and successful in 100% of the patients. The support time ranged from 1 to 9 days, with more than 60% of the patients being supported for longer than 4 days (median of 6.5 days) and explanted upon RV recovery. The average flow was 3.9 L/min. Overall thirty-day survival was 83%. Conclusions: A novel percutaneous right ventricular assist device has been developed. The design was enhanced after the first implant to improve torque-ability and push-ability which resulted in an ease of placement for the subsequent patients. The preliminary clinical experience is very encouraging and further evaluation is ongoing.
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Papers by Muhammad Shahzad