Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan, 2018
Peraki tan dan penggunaan varietas toleran nitrogen (N) rendah
merupakan sal ah satu teknologi d... more Peraki tan dan penggunaan varietas toleran nitrogen (N) rendah merupakan sal ah satu teknologi dalam mengatasi keterbatasan suplai N pada tanaman jagung hibrida di lahan suboptimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi genotipe jagung hi brida yang toleran terhadap N rendah dan menentukan karakter tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai indikator seleksi jagung hibrida toleran N rendah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia, Maros pada bulan Juni - November 2014. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan petak terpisah dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah tingkat takaran pupuk N yang terdi ri atas 0 kg N/ha (tanpa pemupukan N), 100 kg N/ha (takaran N rendah), dan 200 kg N/ha (takaran N normal). Anak petak adalah 60 genotipe jagung hibrida.termasuk varietas pembanding adalah P-27, NK-33, Bisi-2, dan Bima3.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penuruan hasil biji jagung hibrida tanpa pemupukan N mencapai 67,13% dan pada pemupukan N rendah sebesar 33,08%. Berdasarkan indeks t oleransi pada kondisi cekaman N rendah menunjukkan HLN03, HLN17, HLN18, HLN24, HLN25, HLN32, HLN35, HLN39, HLN46, dan HLN47 tergolong genotipe jagung hibrida yang toleran N rendah dengan hasil berkisar 8,37-10,02 t/ha dimana hasil tertinggi diperoleh dari genotipe HLN 32 (10, 02 t / ha) . Berdasarkan hasi l anal i si s r egresi ber t ahap menujukkan bahwa karakter lebar daun, umur berbunga jantan, penuaan daun, persentase tongkol abnormal, panjang tongkol , diameter tongkol, dan rendemen biji dapat digunakan sebagai indikator karakter jagung hibrida yang toleran N rendah.
Frontiers in sustainable food systems, Feb 2, 2024
The frequent occurrence of drought, halting from unpredictable climateinduced weather patterns, p... more The frequent occurrence of drought, halting from unpredictable climateinduced weather patterns, presents significant challenges in breeding drought-tolerant maize to identify adaptable genotypes. The study explores the optimization of machine learning (ML) to predict both the grain yield and stress tolerance index (STI) of maize under normal and drought-induced stress. In total, 35 genotypes, comprising 31 hybrid candidates and four commercial varieties, were meticulously evaluated across three normal and drought-treated sites. Three popular ML were optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA) and ensemble ML to enhance data capture. Additionally, a Multi-trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance (MGIDI) was also involved to identify superior maize hybrids well-suited for drought conditions. The results highlight that the ensemble meta-models optimized by grid search exhibit robust performance with high accuracy across the testing datasets (R 2 = 0.92 for grain yield and 0.82 for STI). The RF optimized by GA algorithm demonstrates slightly lower performance (R 2 = 0.91 for grain yield and 0.79 for STI), surpassing the predictive performance of individual SVM-GA and KNN-GA models. Selection of the best-performing hybrids indicated that out of the six hybrids with the highest STI values, both the ensemble and MGIDI can accurately predict four hybrids, namely H06, H10, H13, and H35. Thus, combining ML with MGIDI enables researchers to discern traits for each genotype and holds promise for advancing the field of droughttolerant maize breeding and expediting the development of resilient varieties.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019
The problem in the development of wheat crops today is climate change that reduces wheat producti... more The problem in the development of wheat crops today is climate change that reduces wheat production in almost all regions of the world. It has an impact on rising temperatures and limited water supplies that can cause drought stress. These problems became the main issue of world wheat crop development. Therefore, the assembly of adapted varieties of wheat that adapted to climate change is crucial. This study aims to evaluate characters and select wheat lines based on the yield and yield component characters and to obtain tolerant wheat lines under those natural stress in tropical environments. The study used 56 wheat lines and 6 released varieties for controls, 3 replications with Randomized Block Design. Character evaluation shows significant differences in a large number of observational characters except for the number of seeds/spike and moisture content. Characters that can be used for selection and evaluation of promising lines are all characteristics of the yield and yield com...
Jurnal penelitian & Pengembangan Pertanian, Dec 9, 2020
One of the sources of functional foodstuff is carbohydrate-based commodities which contain anthoc... more One of the sources of functional foodstuff is carbohydrate-based commodities which contain anthocyanin. These commodities include black rice, purple corn, and purple sweet potato. The anthocyanin compound is a pigment which is responsible for the purple color to the produced commodities. This compound possesses antioxidative activities which are able to bind with free radical compounds and protect human body against various diseases.Physiological function of the anthocyanin in foodstuff has attract particular interest for further exploration, particularly on its bioavailability nature, functional food ingredients, and its product's appearances. Several anthocyanin-rich varieties such as Jeliteng black rice, Srikandi Ungu corn, and Antin purple sweet potato has been released by Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD). In the future, development of processed functional food product is expected to raise in line with the increase in the public's interest on the important of the health. The specific function of antioxidant derived from the anthocyanin compound enable human immunity increase which is recently getting popular, particularly during Covid-19 pandemic. Potential development of the foodstuffs associated with anthocyanin involves various research from upstream to downstream, starting from superior varieties development which contain higher anthocyanin content, by product creation with higher functional values and preferred by the consumers.
High productivity of cultivars is still the main goal inbreeding programs of many crops in Indone... more High productivity of cultivars is still the main goal inbreeding programs of many crops in Indonesia. Efforts to increase maize productivity can be undertaken through systematical management of heterosis and combining ability from heterotic pool for establishing new prosperous hybrid cultivars.Hence, the aims of this research were to construct heterotic groups of maize inbred lines and to elucidate the role of the combining ability in the hybrid performance. Hundred hybrids were developed by crossing inbred lines in a complete diallel fashion. The combining ability of inbred lines was evaluated and analyzed by employing Griffing's method 1, cluster analysis and GGE biplot. The result revealed that the general and specific combining abilities could assign inbred lines into three heterotic groups and had a critical role in the hybrid performance for grain yields. Data recorded from reciprocal crosses tended to show better mean and gave more valuable information for hybrid breeding than direct crosses. The use of the combining ability analysis based on Griffing's and GGE biplot has clearly elucidated all characters observed in both general combining ability and specific combining ability. It would provide comprehensive information for genetic analysis in maize breeding. Three heterotic groups were created. The group 1 consisted of three inbred lines, group 2 had only one inbred line and rest were assigned into group 3.
Screening of hybrid corn parent lines quickly and cheaply compared to hydroponic methods in the l... more Screening of hybrid corn parent lines quickly and cheaply compared to hydroponic methods in the laboratory is needed to support the assembly of new high yielding varieties of acid tolerant corn. Addition of CaCO3 as equivalent to 2 t/ha (normal soil), while 0.5 t/ha AlCl3 (acidic). A total of 12 elite maize lines were tested based on relative root growth (RRG). Four sets of experiments were made, namely 2 sets normal soil media (pH 6.5) and 2 sets acid soil media (pH 4.3). Experimental design used in each experimental set was a randomized block with three replications. Results showed that rapid screening of hybrid maize parental lines could be carried out using modified soil acidity method by adding CaCO3 and AlCl3 to acid soil by measuring relative root growth (RRG) as the main variable. Corn obtained by genotypes No.80, MAL03x192, and Bisi-18 were classified as tolerant, MAL03x28, MAL03x182, MAL03x42, MAL03x44, MAL03x107, MAL03x115 were classified as moderately tolerant, while MAL03x100, MAL03x56, classified as sensitive. Screening of hybrid parent lines on acid soil modified to pH 4.3 (acidic) and normal pH 6.5 at seedling age 7 days after planting (dap) was more accurate than at seedling age of maize 14 dap.
World journal of agriculture and soil science, Nov 8, 2018
Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plant health and play critical roles in controlling pr... more Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plant health and play critical roles in controlling protein metabolism, enzyme activity and various metabolic processes. In order to investigate the effect of different potassium rates and hybrid maize varieties on the yield and yield components of maize, an experiment was carried out at the Bajeng Experimental Station, Indonesian Cereals Research Institute, Gowa, South Sulawesi, from May to September 2017. The level of K on site of the experiment is 0.26 mg kg-1. The potential grain yield of three hybrid maize varieties has different. Nasa-29 has potential grain yield (13.5 t ha-1), Bima-20 (12.8 t ha-1) and Bima-4 (11.7 t ha-1). The experiment was laid out in randomized split plot design with three replications having a plot size of 9 m x 6 m with planting density 75 x 25 cm. The main plot was provided with six different levels of potassium i.e. 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg K2O ha-1. The sub plot consisted of three hybrid maize varieties i.e. Nasa-29, Bima-20 and Bima-4. The interaction of different levels of potassium and hybrid maize varieties significantly affected to maize cob diameter, weight of 1000 grains, and grain yield. The application of potassium at the rate of 60 kg K 2 O ha-1 for Nasa-29 variety produced the highest grain yield (11.33 ha-1) under field condition at the agro-ecological of Gowa, South Sulawesi.
Regional economic development has many aspects that continue to change dynamically, planned and c... more Regional economic development has many aspects that continue to change dynamically, planned and coordinated when viewed from a planning framework of the regional economic development, whether regionally, nationally or internationally. The regional economic development is aimed to the achievement of national development sub-system targets that organized territorially or spatially. The research method that was used is a dynamic system approach. The data used are secondary data obtained from various instances. Method of data analysis used dynamic system software. The results showed exponential growth trend of maize production. The pattern illustrates that an increase in national maize production over time. Model simulation results were acquired by using government intelligence strategy capable of increasing corn production and increase province economy. From extensification increase simulation results of 1.6 eh / year, it is capable of increasing corn production exceeding government’s target of 24,8 million ton in 2020, unable to fulfil the requirement of corn that increasing faster than corn production. The increase of national corn production will chip in towards farmer income, which indirectly contributes towards PDB until national economy.
Wheat can adapt well in Indonesia in altitude of 1000-3000 m above sea level (asl) with productio... more Wheat can adapt well in Indonesia in altitude of 1000-3000 m above sea level (asl) with production ranging 3-5 t/ha. Recently, Indonesia has released several varieties of wheat, but only a few varieties have an adaptation zone under 1000 m asl, which competes to horticultural crops. Therefore, it is important to study the genetic x environment (G x E) interactions and the yield stability of tropical wheat genotypes in the low-medium plains. The study was arranged using Randomized Completed Block Design with 3 replications and 9 genotypes at six locations. The data was analyzed for variant, variant combined and yield stability using STAR programs. The results showed that the environment, genotypes, and interaction of G X E had a highly significant effect on yield and yield components, except for seed weight/spike trait. Further analysis result showed the G4 genotype has significantly greater than the control for trait of days to flower, days to harvest, plant height and a number of panicles/meter. The G1, G4 and G5 genotypes have significantly higher yields than controls. The G4 and G5 genotypes have wide adaptability and G1 genotype has specific adaptability.
The problem in the development of wheat crops today is climate change that reduces wheat producti... more The problem in the development of wheat crops today is climate change that reduces wheat production in almost all regions of the world. It has an impact on rising temperatures and limited water supplies that can cause drought stress. These problems became the main issue of world wheat crop development. Therefore, the assembly of adapted varieties of wheat that adapted to climate change is crucial. This study aims to evaluate characters and select wheat lines based on the yield and yield component characters and to obtain tolerant wheat lines under those natural stress in tropical environments. The study used 56 wheat lines and 6 released varieties for controls, 3 replications with Randomized Block Design. Character evaluation shows significant differences in a large number of observational characters except for the number of seeds/spike and moisture content. Characters that can be used for selection and evaluation of promising lines are all characteristics of the yield and yield components except the Number of Seed Per spike (NSS) and Water Content (WC) characters. Promising lines were G5, G8 and G11 became potential selection lines with potential yields of 3, 3.39 and 3.03.
Breeding and utilization of Al-tolerant maize are among the technological applications for preven... more Breeding and utilization of Al-tolerant maize are among the technological applications for preventing a decrease in the growth rate and grain yield of maize in suboptimal fields. This study aimed to determine the growth and production of maize lines under Al stress, obtain maize lines that are tolerant to Al stress, and determine Al absorption in the tested maize lines. This study comprised two steps. In the first step, maize lines were evaluated in acid soils with a pH of 5.12 and an Al saturation of around 22.13%, while the normal condition was carried out on soil with a pH of 6.60 and 0% Al saturation. The study was arranged in a randomized block with three replications. The maize lines used were 24 genotypes consisting of 20 maize lines and four elite lines as a check (Mal 03, CLYN 231, G102612, B11209). In the second step, maize lines were evaluated in the nutrient solution. This study was arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was the concentration of Al at three levels, i.e., 0, 7, and 14 ppm. The subplot comprised seven maize lines representing sensitive, medium tolerant, and tolerant categories. They were Pop.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Waterlogging is one of the abiotic stresses which can be one of the most important constraints fo... more Waterlogging is one of the abiotic stresses which can be one of the most important constraints for maize production. The objective of this study is to estimate genetic variability, heritability, correlations for grain yield and yield component of waterlogging-tolerant maize. This research was conducted in two locations, laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The research material consisted of 8 hybrids and 2 check varieties. The L19/MR14 hybrids had the highest grain yield (9.64 t ha−1), followed by L15/MR14 hybrids (9.30 t ha−1) and L12/MR14 (9.20 t ha−1). Genotypic variants ranged from 0.00 to 15.98, while phenotypic variants ranged from 0.06 to 20.43. Broad sense heritability estimates were moderately high for days to 50% silking, thousand kernel weight, ear length, number of kernel rows per ear. The characters observed generally showed a positive correlation with grain yield, except for plant height and ear height. The thousand kernel weight has ...
The availability of seeds is one of the most essential aspects of agricultural development in dev... more The availability of seeds is one of the most essential aspects of agricultural development in developing countries and Indonesia is no exception. This requires adequate technological innovation and institutional support. This study aims to describe the synergy of innovation at the level of national companies that provide hybrid corn seeds to farmers. Three levels of company performance were compared namely well-established companies, middling, and less-developed companies. The results showed the performance of hybrid corn seed companies from 2019 to mid-2022 was mainly influenced by the degree of synergy between seed companies and their supporting institutions in implementing improvements in seed production technology. Established companies have better synergy with supporting institutions, hence, they can adequately apply seed production technology producing 4,900 tons of quality seeds, and distributing them to various regions specifically 12 provinces. Meanwhiles, companies that have low synergies with their supporting institutions are very weak, producing seeds only in small quantities at 400 tons. This implies that technological innovations and institution synergy for hybrid corn seed production can be applied by national companies with adequate support from local institutions.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Waterlogging is a major factor in reducing crop yields. To increase plant productivity in tempora... more Waterlogging is a major factor in reducing crop yields. To increase plant productivity in temporarily waterlogged soils, the development of waterlogging tolerant lines is needed. This study aims to determine the genotype of maize that is tolerant of waterlogging and morphological characters that can be used for selection criteria. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse of Maros experimental farm. A total of 40 maize genotypes and 2 check varieties, namely MGold and Bima 19, were tested using a randomized block design, 3 replications. Screening was carried out in 2 conditions, namely waterlogged and normal conditions. Based on the waterlogging sensitivity index (WSI), the WSI value was different for each variable. The results of the main component analysis show that the variables that had a major influence on the diversity of tolerance of maize genotypes to waterlogging stress was number of root so that they could be used as character selection in waterlogging stress. Genotypes...
Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing
Hybrid maize seed production is a relatively complex task due to the coexistence of three distinc... more Hybrid maize seed production is a relatively complex task due to the coexistence of three distinct types of maize plants in the field: female, male, and contaminant/off-type plants. Female and contaminant/off-type plants’ tassels should be removed immediately following flowering initiation, while male tassels should be retained to allow cross-pollination between male and female plants. Therefore, development of an intelligent tassel classification system is deemed critical for hybrid purity decision-making. The research’s primary contribution is the integration of two widely used transfer learning architectures, Inception V3 and SqueezeNet, with stacking ensemble machine learning using four algorithms (logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, and k-nearest neighbors) for rapid classification of tassel images. Tenfold cross-validation was used to evaluate the model performance. Cloud computing was also investigated using EfficientNet to compare the predictive perfo...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
The study of android based maize assessment was done by involving two popular machine learning so... more The study of android based maize assessment was done by involving two popular machine learning software i.e. teachable machine and android studio. The classification model was performed in online teachable machine learning while interface generation was performed in android studio. Various maize tassel from male, female and contamination plants were collected and used for training and model validation. The results indicated that Android-based tassel classification was successfully applied to the study area with accuracy of 80.7%. In addition, the error of classification was 19.3%, a relatively lower values for large testing datasets. Several mis-classification were found particularly at similar tassel shape. The integration of the model with smartphone technology enables rapid recognition of off-type plant at real-time, even though operated by personnel with limited skills or no knowledge seed technology on maize parental lines ideotype.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
Most of the land for maize development in Indonesia has low N limiting factor, thus it is necessa... more Most of the land for maize development in Indonesia has low N limiting factor, thus it is necessary to develop a proper maize breeding programs tolerant to low N conditions. One of the breeding methods suitable for low N evaluation is the diallel method between inbred parents (homozygous lines) that are tolerant of low N stress. The aim of this study was to assess the genotype tolerance to low N with comparable yields. The research consisted of two stages. The first stage is the development of hybrid maize grains (F1) using the half diallel cross method. This activity was carried out in KP. Maros, Research Center for Cereal Crops. A half-diallel cross refers to the Griffing IV method, by involving 11 low N-tolerant genotypes (AVLN 100-1, AVLN 118-2, AVLN 122-2, AVLN 124-4, AVLN 32-3, AVLN 83-1, AVLN 83-4, AVLN 83-6, AVLN 86-2, MAL 04, and AVLN 124-9). The second stage was carried out in KP. Bajeng to evaluate 52 genotypes of hybrid maize from diallel crosses plus four hybrid varieti...
Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan, 2018
Peraki tan dan penggunaan varietas toleran nitrogen (N) rendah
merupakan sal ah satu teknologi d... more Peraki tan dan penggunaan varietas toleran nitrogen (N) rendah merupakan sal ah satu teknologi dalam mengatasi keterbatasan suplai N pada tanaman jagung hibrida di lahan suboptimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi genotipe jagung hi brida yang toleran terhadap N rendah dan menentukan karakter tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai indikator seleksi jagung hibrida toleran N rendah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia, Maros pada bulan Juni - November 2014. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan petak terpisah dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah tingkat takaran pupuk N yang terdi ri atas 0 kg N/ha (tanpa pemupukan N), 100 kg N/ha (takaran N rendah), dan 200 kg N/ha (takaran N normal). Anak petak adalah 60 genotipe jagung hibrida.termasuk varietas pembanding adalah P-27, NK-33, Bisi-2, dan Bima3.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penuruan hasil biji jagung hibrida tanpa pemupukan N mencapai 67,13% dan pada pemupukan N rendah sebesar 33,08%. Berdasarkan indeks t oleransi pada kondisi cekaman N rendah menunjukkan HLN03, HLN17, HLN18, HLN24, HLN25, HLN32, HLN35, HLN39, HLN46, dan HLN47 tergolong genotipe jagung hibrida yang toleran N rendah dengan hasil berkisar 8,37-10,02 t/ha dimana hasil tertinggi diperoleh dari genotipe HLN 32 (10, 02 t / ha) . Berdasarkan hasi l anal i si s r egresi ber t ahap menujukkan bahwa karakter lebar daun, umur berbunga jantan, penuaan daun, persentase tongkol abnormal, panjang tongkol , diameter tongkol, dan rendemen biji dapat digunakan sebagai indikator karakter jagung hibrida yang toleran N rendah.
Frontiers in sustainable food systems, Feb 2, 2024
The frequent occurrence of drought, halting from unpredictable climateinduced weather patterns, p... more The frequent occurrence of drought, halting from unpredictable climateinduced weather patterns, presents significant challenges in breeding drought-tolerant maize to identify adaptable genotypes. The study explores the optimization of machine learning (ML) to predict both the grain yield and stress tolerance index (STI) of maize under normal and drought-induced stress. In total, 35 genotypes, comprising 31 hybrid candidates and four commercial varieties, were meticulously evaluated across three normal and drought-treated sites. Three popular ML were optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA) and ensemble ML to enhance data capture. Additionally, a Multi-trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance (MGIDI) was also involved to identify superior maize hybrids well-suited for drought conditions. The results highlight that the ensemble meta-models optimized by grid search exhibit robust performance with high accuracy across the testing datasets (R 2 = 0.92 for grain yield and 0.82 for STI). The RF optimized by GA algorithm demonstrates slightly lower performance (R 2 = 0.91 for grain yield and 0.79 for STI), surpassing the predictive performance of individual SVM-GA and KNN-GA models. Selection of the best-performing hybrids indicated that out of the six hybrids with the highest STI values, both the ensemble and MGIDI can accurately predict four hybrids, namely H06, H10, H13, and H35. Thus, combining ML with MGIDI enables researchers to discern traits for each genotype and holds promise for advancing the field of droughttolerant maize breeding and expediting the development of resilient varieties.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019
The problem in the development of wheat crops today is climate change that reduces wheat producti... more The problem in the development of wheat crops today is climate change that reduces wheat production in almost all regions of the world. It has an impact on rising temperatures and limited water supplies that can cause drought stress. These problems became the main issue of world wheat crop development. Therefore, the assembly of adapted varieties of wheat that adapted to climate change is crucial. This study aims to evaluate characters and select wheat lines based on the yield and yield component characters and to obtain tolerant wheat lines under those natural stress in tropical environments. The study used 56 wheat lines and 6 released varieties for controls, 3 replications with Randomized Block Design. Character evaluation shows significant differences in a large number of observational characters except for the number of seeds/spike and moisture content. Characters that can be used for selection and evaluation of promising lines are all characteristics of the yield and yield com...
Jurnal penelitian & Pengembangan Pertanian, Dec 9, 2020
One of the sources of functional foodstuff is carbohydrate-based commodities which contain anthoc... more One of the sources of functional foodstuff is carbohydrate-based commodities which contain anthocyanin. These commodities include black rice, purple corn, and purple sweet potato. The anthocyanin compound is a pigment which is responsible for the purple color to the produced commodities. This compound possesses antioxidative activities which are able to bind with free radical compounds and protect human body against various diseases.Physiological function of the anthocyanin in foodstuff has attract particular interest for further exploration, particularly on its bioavailability nature, functional food ingredients, and its product's appearances. Several anthocyanin-rich varieties such as Jeliteng black rice, Srikandi Ungu corn, and Antin purple sweet potato has been released by Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD). In the future, development of processed functional food product is expected to raise in line with the increase in the public's interest on the important of the health. The specific function of antioxidant derived from the anthocyanin compound enable human immunity increase which is recently getting popular, particularly during Covid-19 pandemic. Potential development of the foodstuffs associated with anthocyanin involves various research from upstream to downstream, starting from superior varieties development which contain higher anthocyanin content, by product creation with higher functional values and preferred by the consumers.
High productivity of cultivars is still the main goal inbreeding programs of many crops in Indone... more High productivity of cultivars is still the main goal inbreeding programs of many crops in Indonesia. Efforts to increase maize productivity can be undertaken through systematical management of heterosis and combining ability from heterotic pool for establishing new prosperous hybrid cultivars.Hence, the aims of this research were to construct heterotic groups of maize inbred lines and to elucidate the role of the combining ability in the hybrid performance. Hundred hybrids were developed by crossing inbred lines in a complete diallel fashion. The combining ability of inbred lines was evaluated and analyzed by employing Griffing's method 1, cluster analysis and GGE biplot. The result revealed that the general and specific combining abilities could assign inbred lines into three heterotic groups and had a critical role in the hybrid performance for grain yields. Data recorded from reciprocal crosses tended to show better mean and gave more valuable information for hybrid breeding than direct crosses. The use of the combining ability analysis based on Griffing's and GGE biplot has clearly elucidated all characters observed in both general combining ability and specific combining ability. It would provide comprehensive information for genetic analysis in maize breeding. Three heterotic groups were created. The group 1 consisted of three inbred lines, group 2 had only one inbred line and rest were assigned into group 3.
Screening of hybrid corn parent lines quickly and cheaply compared to hydroponic methods in the l... more Screening of hybrid corn parent lines quickly and cheaply compared to hydroponic methods in the laboratory is needed to support the assembly of new high yielding varieties of acid tolerant corn. Addition of CaCO3 as equivalent to 2 t/ha (normal soil), while 0.5 t/ha AlCl3 (acidic). A total of 12 elite maize lines were tested based on relative root growth (RRG). Four sets of experiments were made, namely 2 sets normal soil media (pH 6.5) and 2 sets acid soil media (pH 4.3). Experimental design used in each experimental set was a randomized block with three replications. Results showed that rapid screening of hybrid maize parental lines could be carried out using modified soil acidity method by adding CaCO3 and AlCl3 to acid soil by measuring relative root growth (RRG) as the main variable. Corn obtained by genotypes No.80, MAL03x192, and Bisi-18 were classified as tolerant, MAL03x28, MAL03x182, MAL03x42, MAL03x44, MAL03x107, MAL03x115 were classified as moderately tolerant, while MAL03x100, MAL03x56, classified as sensitive. Screening of hybrid parent lines on acid soil modified to pH 4.3 (acidic) and normal pH 6.5 at seedling age 7 days after planting (dap) was more accurate than at seedling age of maize 14 dap.
World journal of agriculture and soil science, Nov 8, 2018
Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plant health and play critical roles in controlling pr... more Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plant health and play critical roles in controlling protein metabolism, enzyme activity and various metabolic processes. In order to investigate the effect of different potassium rates and hybrid maize varieties on the yield and yield components of maize, an experiment was carried out at the Bajeng Experimental Station, Indonesian Cereals Research Institute, Gowa, South Sulawesi, from May to September 2017. The level of K on site of the experiment is 0.26 mg kg-1. The potential grain yield of three hybrid maize varieties has different. Nasa-29 has potential grain yield (13.5 t ha-1), Bima-20 (12.8 t ha-1) and Bima-4 (11.7 t ha-1). The experiment was laid out in randomized split plot design with three replications having a plot size of 9 m x 6 m with planting density 75 x 25 cm. The main plot was provided with six different levels of potassium i.e. 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg K2O ha-1. The sub plot consisted of three hybrid maize varieties i.e. Nasa-29, Bima-20 and Bima-4. The interaction of different levels of potassium and hybrid maize varieties significantly affected to maize cob diameter, weight of 1000 grains, and grain yield. The application of potassium at the rate of 60 kg K 2 O ha-1 for Nasa-29 variety produced the highest grain yield (11.33 ha-1) under field condition at the agro-ecological of Gowa, South Sulawesi.
Regional economic development has many aspects that continue to change dynamically, planned and c... more Regional economic development has many aspects that continue to change dynamically, planned and coordinated when viewed from a planning framework of the regional economic development, whether regionally, nationally or internationally. The regional economic development is aimed to the achievement of national development sub-system targets that organized territorially or spatially. The research method that was used is a dynamic system approach. The data used are secondary data obtained from various instances. Method of data analysis used dynamic system software. The results showed exponential growth trend of maize production. The pattern illustrates that an increase in national maize production over time. Model simulation results were acquired by using government intelligence strategy capable of increasing corn production and increase province economy. From extensification increase simulation results of 1.6 eh / year, it is capable of increasing corn production exceeding government’s target of 24,8 million ton in 2020, unable to fulfil the requirement of corn that increasing faster than corn production. The increase of national corn production will chip in towards farmer income, which indirectly contributes towards PDB until national economy.
Wheat can adapt well in Indonesia in altitude of 1000-3000 m above sea level (asl) with productio... more Wheat can adapt well in Indonesia in altitude of 1000-3000 m above sea level (asl) with production ranging 3-5 t/ha. Recently, Indonesia has released several varieties of wheat, but only a few varieties have an adaptation zone under 1000 m asl, which competes to horticultural crops. Therefore, it is important to study the genetic x environment (G x E) interactions and the yield stability of tropical wheat genotypes in the low-medium plains. The study was arranged using Randomized Completed Block Design with 3 replications and 9 genotypes at six locations. The data was analyzed for variant, variant combined and yield stability using STAR programs. The results showed that the environment, genotypes, and interaction of G X E had a highly significant effect on yield and yield components, except for seed weight/spike trait. Further analysis result showed the G4 genotype has significantly greater than the control for trait of days to flower, days to harvest, plant height and a number of panicles/meter. The G1, G4 and G5 genotypes have significantly higher yields than controls. The G4 and G5 genotypes have wide adaptability and G1 genotype has specific adaptability.
The problem in the development of wheat crops today is climate change that reduces wheat producti... more The problem in the development of wheat crops today is climate change that reduces wheat production in almost all regions of the world. It has an impact on rising temperatures and limited water supplies that can cause drought stress. These problems became the main issue of world wheat crop development. Therefore, the assembly of adapted varieties of wheat that adapted to climate change is crucial. This study aims to evaluate characters and select wheat lines based on the yield and yield component characters and to obtain tolerant wheat lines under those natural stress in tropical environments. The study used 56 wheat lines and 6 released varieties for controls, 3 replications with Randomized Block Design. Character evaluation shows significant differences in a large number of observational characters except for the number of seeds/spike and moisture content. Characters that can be used for selection and evaluation of promising lines are all characteristics of the yield and yield components except the Number of Seed Per spike (NSS) and Water Content (WC) characters. Promising lines were G5, G8 and G11 became potential selection lines with potential yields of 3, 3.39 and 3.03.
Breeding and utilization of Al-tolerant maize are among the technological applications for preven... more Breeding and utilization of Al-tolerant maize are among the technological applications for preventing a decrease in the growth rate and grain yield of maize in suboptimal fields. This study aimed to determine the growth and production of maize lines under Al stress, obtain maize lines that are tolerant to Al stress, and determine Al absorption in the tested maize lines. This study comprised two steps. In the first step, maize lines were evaluated in acid soils with a pH of 5.12 and an Al saturation of around 22.13%, while the normal condition was carried out on soil with a pH of 6.60 and 0% Al saturation. The study was arranged in a randomized block with three replications. The maize lines used were 24 genotypes consisting of 20 maize lines and four elite lines as a check (Mal 03, CLYN 231, G102612, B11209). In the second step, maize lines were evaluated in the nutrient solution. This study was arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was the concentration of Al at three levels, i.e., 0, 7, and 14 ppm. The subplot comprised seven maize lines representing sensitive, medium tolerant, and tolerant categories. They were Pop.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Waterlogging is one of the abiotic stresses which can be one of the most important constraints fo... more Waterlogging is one of the abiotic stresses which can be one of the most important constraints for maize production. The objective of this study is to estimate genetic variability, heritability, correlations for grain yield and yield component of waterlogging-tolerant maize. This research was conducted in two locations, laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The research material consisted of 8 hybrids and 2 check varieties. The L19/MR14 hybrids had the highest grain yield (9.64 t ha−1), followed by L15/MR14 hybrids (9.30 t ha−1) and L12/MR14 (9.20 t ha−1). Genotypic variants ranged from 0.00 to 15.98, while phenotypic variants ranged from 0.06 to 20.43. Broad sense heritability estimates were moderately high for days to 50% silking, thousand kernel weight, ear length, number of kernel rows per ear. The characters observed generally showed a positive correlation with grain yield, except for plant height and ear height. The thousand kernel weight has ...
The availability of seeds is one of the most essential aspects of agricultural development in dev... more The availability of seeds is one of the most essential aspects of agricultural development in developing countries and Indonesia is no exception. This requires adequate technological innovation and institutional support. This study aims to describe the synergy of innovation at the level of national companies that provide hybrid corn seeds to farmers. Three levels of company performance were compared namely well-established companies, middling, and less-developed companies. The results showed the performance of hybrid corn seed companies from 2019 to mid-2022 was mainly influenced by the degree of synergy between seed companies and their supporting institutions in implementing improvements in seed production technology. Established companies have better synergy with supporting institutions, hence, they can adequately apply seed production technology producing 4,900 tons of quality seeds, and distributing them to various regions specifically 12 provinces. Meanwhiles, companies that have low synergies with their supporting institutions are very weak, producing seeds only in small quantities at 400 tons. This implies that technological innovations and institution synergy for hybrid corn seed production can be applied by national companies with adequate support from local institutions.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Waterlogging is a major factor in reducing crop yields. To increase plant productivity in tempora... more Waterlogging is a major factor in reducing crop yields. To increase plant productivity in temporarily waterlogged soils, the development of waterlogging tolerant lines is needed. This study aims to determine the genotype of maize that is tolerant of waterlogging and morphological characters that can be used for selection criteria. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse of Maros experimental farm. A total of 40 maize genotypes and 2 check varieties, namely MGold and Bima 19, were tested using a randomized block design, 3 replications. Screening was carried out in 2 conditions, namely waterlogged and normal conditions. Based on the waterlogging sensitivity index (WSI), the WSI value was different for each variable. The results of the main component analysis show that the variables that had a major influence on the diversity of tolerance of maize genotypes to waterlogging stress was number of root so that they could be used as character selection in waterlogging stress. Genotypes...
Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing
Hybrid maize seed production is a relatively complex task due to the coexistence of three distinc... more Hybrid maize seed production is a relatively complex task due to the coexistence of three distinct types of maize plants in the field: female, male, and contaminant/off-type plants. Female and contaminant/off-type plants’ tassels should be removed immediately following flowering initiation, while male tassels should be retained to allow cross-pollination between male and female plants. Therefore, development of an intelligent tassel classification system is deemed critical for hybrid purity decision-making. The research’s primary contribution is the integration of two widely used transfer learning architectures, Inception V3 and SqueezeNet, with stacking ensemble machine learning using four algorithms (logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, and k-nearest neighbors) for rapid classification of tassel images. Tenfold cross-validation was used to evaluate the model performance. Cloud computing was also investigated using EfficientNet to compare the predictive perfo...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
The study of android based maize assessment was done by involving two popular machine learning so... more The study of android based maize assessment was done by involving two popular machine learning software i.e. teachable machine and android studio. The classification model was performed in online teachable machine learning while interface generation was performed in android studio. Various maize tassel from male, female and contamination plants were collected and used for training and model validation. The results indicated that Android-based tassel classification was successfully applied to the study area with accuracy of 80.7%. In addition, the error of classification was 19.3%, a relatively lower values for large testing datasets. Several mis-classification were found particularly at similar tassel shape. The integration of the model with smartphone technology enables rapid recognition of off-type plant at real-time, even though operated by personnel with limited skills or no knowledge seed technology on maize parental lines ideotype.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
Most of the land for maize development in Indonesia has low N limiting factor, thus it is necessa... more Most of the land for maize development in Indonesia has low N limiting factor, thus it is necessary to develop a proper maize breeding programs tolerant to low N conditions. One of the breeding methods suitable for low N evaluation is the diallel method between inbred parents (homozygous lines) that are tolerant of low N stress. The aim of this study was to assess the genotype tolerance to low N with comparable yields. The research consisted of two stages. The first stage is the development of hybrid maize grains (F1) using the half diallel cross method. This activity was carried out in KP. Maros, Research Center for Cereal Crops. A half-diallel cross refers to the Griffing IV method, by involving 11 low N-tolerant genotypes (AVLN 100-1, AVLN 118-2, AVLN 122-2, AVLN 124-4, AVLN 32-3, AVLN 83-1, AVLN 83-4, AVLN 83-6, AVLN 86-2, MAL 04, and AVLN 124-9). The second stage was carried out in KP. Bajeng to evaluate 52 genotypes of hybrid maize from diallel crosses plus four hybrid varieti...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
The productivity of maize may be increased by using maize hybrid ideotype (erect leaves and small... more The productivity of maize may be increased by using maize hybrid ideotype (erect leaves and small leaf angles) which is adaptive under high plant population density. The hybrids maize was desirable in increasing the plant density due to better light interception and space so that it can increase the yield per unit area. The aim of the research was to assess S3 lines that had good combining ability and to determine the traits associated with high yields under high plant population density (83.333 plants/ha). A total of 242 hybrids (F1) were examined from a crossed combination of 121 lines x 2 tester were evaluated with three commercial hybrid varieties such as Bisi 18, P 27, and P 36. The evaluation was carried under high plant population density (83,333 plants/ha) in the rainy season (November 2020 – February 2021). The research used an alpha lattice design with three replications. The results showed that the inbred lines had a greater effect on the yield character and yield compone...
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Drafts by Muhammad Azrai
merupakan sal ah satu teknologi dalam mengatasi keterbatasan
suplai N pada tanaman jagung hibrida di lahan suboptimal. Penelitian
ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi genotipe jagung hi brida yang toleran
terhadap N rendah dan menentukan karakter tanaman yang dapat
digunakan sebagai indikator seleksi jagung hibrida toleran N rendah.
Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman
Serealia, Maros pada bulan Juni - November 2014. Penelitian disusun
dalam rancangan petak terpisah dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama
adalah tingkat takaran pupuk N yang terdi ri atas 0 kg N/ha (tanpa
pemupukan N), 100 kg N/ha (takaran N rendah), dan 200 kg N/ha
(takaran N normal). Anak petak adalah 60 genotipe jagung hibrida.termasuk varietas pembanding adalah P-27, NK-33, Bisi-2, dan Bima3.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penuruan hasil biji jagung
hibrida tanpa pemupukan N mencapai 67,13% dan pada pemupukan
N rendah sebesar 33,08%. Berdasarkan indeks t oleransi pada
kondisi cekaman N rendah menunjukkan HLN03, HLN17, HLN18,
HLN24, HLN25, HLN32, HLN35, HLN39, HLN46, dan HLN47 tergolong
genotipe jagung hibrida yang toleran N rendah dengan hasil berkisar
8,37-10,02 t/ha dimana hasil tertinggi diperoleh dari genotipe HLN
32 (10, 02 t / ha) . Berdasarkan hasi l anal i si s r egresi ber t ahap
menujukkan bahwa karakter lebar daun, umur berbunga jantan,
penuaan daun, persentase tongkol abnormal, panjang tongkol ,
diameter tongkol, dan rendemen biji dapat digunakan sebagai indikator
karakter jagung hibrida yang toleran N rendah.
Papers by Muhammad Azrai
merupakan sal ah satu teknologi dalam mengatasi keterbatasan
suplai N pada tanaman jagung hibrida di lahan suboptimal. Penelitian
ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi genotipe jagung hi brida yang toleran
terhadap N rendah dan menentukan karakter tanaman yang dapat
digunakan sebagai indikator seleksi jagung hibrida toleran N rendah.
Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman
Serealia, Maros pada bulan Juni - November 2014. Penelitian disusun
dalam rancangan petak terpisah dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama
adalah tingkat takaran pupuk N yang terdi ri atas 0 kg N/ha (tanpa
pemupukan N), 100 kg N/ha (takaran N rendah), dan 200 kg N/ha
(takaran N normal). Anak petak adalah 60 genotipe jagung hibrida.termasuk varietas pembanding adalah P-27, NK-33, Bisi-2, dan Bima3.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penuruan hasil biji jagung
hibrida tanpa pemupukan N mencapai 67,13% dan pada pemupukan
N rendah sebesar 33,08%. Berdasarkan indeks t oleransi pada
kondisi cekaman N rendah menunjukkan HLN03, HLN17, HLN18,
HLN24, HLN25, HLN32, HLN35, HLN39, HLN46, dan HLN47 tergolong
genotipe jagung hibrida yang toleran N rendah dengan hasil berkisar
8,37-10,02 t/ha dimana hasil tertinggi diperoleh dari genotipe HLN
32 (10, 02 t / ha) . Berdasarkan hasi l anal i si s r egresi ber t ahap
menujukkan bahwa karakter lebar daun, umur berbunga jantan,
penuaan daun, persentase tongkol abnormal, panjang tongkol ,
diameter tongkol, dan rendemen biji dapat digunakan sebagai indikator
karakter jagung hibrida yang toleran N rendah.