2013 Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design, 2013
The common design problem in various approaches for self-checking adders is the fault propagation... more The common design problem in various approaches for self-checking adders is the fault propagation due to carry. Such a fault can misguide the system to detect the particular faulty module. In this paper, we proposed a self-checking Carry Select Adder (CSA) with fault localization ability. Our scheme can provide minimum area overhead for self-recovery process because instead of replacing the whole system we can now replace the particular faulty modules. The proposed self-checking CSA consumes 12% less area with equal performance as compared to the previously proposed self-checking CSA approach.
Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences, 2007
University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan The aging (biological deteriorat... more University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan The aging (biological deterioration) is a major problem of composite insulators now-a-days. The main thing in aging is to predict how, when and with what speed it occurs and under what conditions it can ...
In this paper we propose an area-efficient self-repairing adder that can repair multiple faults a... more In this paper we propose an area-efficient self-repairing adder that can repair multiple faults and identify the particular faulty full adder. Fault detection and recovery has been carried out using self-checking full adders that can diagnose the fault based on internal functionality, independent of a fault propagated through carry. The idea was motivated by the common design problem of fault propagation due to carry in various approaches by self-checking adders. Such a fault can create problems in detecting the particular faulty full adder, and we need to replace the entire adder when an error is detected. We apply our self-checking full adder to a carry-select adder (CSeA) and show that the resulting self-checking CSeA consumes 15% less area compared to the previously proposed self-checking CSeA approach without fault localization. After observing fault localization with reduced area overhead, we utilize the self-checking full adder in constructing a self-repairing adder. It has been observed that our proposed self-repairing 16-bit adder can handle up to four faults effectively, with an 80% probability of error recovery compared to triple modular redundancy, which can handle only a single fault at a time.
A Microfabricated Propofol Trap for Breath-Based Anesthesia Depth Monitoring
Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 2000
ABSTRACT This paper reports a golden microtrap chip for anesthetic depth monitoring. The chip sel... more ABSTRACT This paper reports a golden microtrap chip for anesthetic depth monitoring. The chip selectively captures the propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) compound, which is a widely used substance for anesthesia, by filtering out the other species found in human breath. The fabricated silicon-glass chip is 12 mm on each side and consists of an array of high aspect ratio parabolic reflectors inside its 7 mm × 7 mm × 0.24 mm cavity. The interior surfaces of the chip are coated with an electroplated gold layer having a surface roughness of around 6.82 nm, which is an order of magnitude higher than a gold layer deposited by electron (e)-beam evaporation. Uncoated and e-beam gold-coated chips are unable to trap propofol and other compounds found in human breath. In contrast, silicon-glass chips coated with Tenax TA (2,6 diphenylene oxide), a gas adsorbing polymer, captures propofol among other volatiles present in human breath. Only devices coated with an electroplated gold layer demonstrate selective affinity for the target compound propofol. For the same propofol concentration, these golden microtraps show consistent capture efficiency with less than 8% variation in the trapped propofol amount while tested with different human breath samples. These microfabricated chips have the potential to accurately quantify the amount of propofol present in human breath samples without incorporating the gas chromatography column into the testing setup, resulting in faster analysis and reduced cost and complexity.
The existence of calendar anomalies could endanger the assumption of Efficient Market Hypothesis.... more The existence of calendar anomalies could endanger the assumption of Efficient Market Hypothesis. Using one Factor ANOVA the main hypotheses about equality in returns on daily, weekly and monthly basis are tested using F-test and are found to be insignificant, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages ARIMA and Ordinary Least Squares OLS are also extended as an alternate procedure to look for any above average returns reaped by market players. An AR1 model is fitted on the data along with a simple linear regression model to test the slopes. Before using an estimated equation for our stated hypotheses an examination of residuals is made for evidence of serial correlation using the Durbin-Watson statistic. Anderson-Darling test of normality is applied as a prerequisite before computing interval estimates and using the one factor ANOVA. The study concludes that there are no weekly effects or monthly effects in stock returns in Pakistani equity market however the market is inefficient in the short run and there is existence of daily effects where the fourth and fifty days of a week show abnormal returns using autoregressive modeling.
The relationship of stock prices and macroeconomic variables revisited: Evidence from Karachi stock exchange
African Journal of Business Management, 2012
... exchange Muhammad Akbar1*, Shahid Ali2 and Muhammad Faisal Khan3 1Bahria University Islamabad... more ... exchange Muhammad Akbar1*, Shahid Ali2 and Muhammad Faisal Khan3 1Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan. ... Akbar and Kundi (2009) analyzed the relationship between macroeconomic variables and Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE). ...
2013 Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design, 2013
The common design problem in various approaches for self-checking adders is the fault propagation... more The common design problem in various approaches for self-checking adders is the fault propagation due to carry. Such a fault can misguide the system to detect the particular faulty module. In this paper, we proposed a self-checking Carry Select Adder (CSA) with fault localization ability. Our scheme can provide minimum area overhead for self-recovery process because instead of replacing the whole system we can now replace the particular faulty modules. The proposed self-checking CSA consumes 12% less area with equal performance as compared to the previously proposed self-checking CSA approach.
Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences, 2007
University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan The aging (biological deteriorat... more University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan The aging (biological deterioration) is a major problem of composite insulators now-a-days. The main thing in aging is to predict how, when and with what speed it occurs and under what conditions it can ...
In this paper we propose an area-efficient self-repairing adder that can repair multiple faults a... more In this paper we propose an area-efficient self-repairing adder that can repair multiple faults and identify the particular faulty full adder. Fault detection and recovery has been carried out using self-checking full adders that can diagnose the fault based on internal functionality, independent of a fault propagated through carry. The idea was motivated by the common design problem of fault propagation due to carry in various approaches by self-checking adders. Such a fault can create problems in detecting the particular faulty full adder, and we need to replace the entire adder when an error is detected. We apply our self-checking full adder to a carry-select adder (CSeA) and show that the resulting self-checking CSeA consumes 15% less area compared to the previously proposed self-checking CSeA approach without fault localization. After observing fault localization with reduced area overhead, we utilize the self-checking full adder in constructing a self-repairing adder. It has been observed that our proposed self-repairing 16-bit adder can handle up to four faults effectively, with an 80% probability of error recovery compared to triple modular redundancy, which can handle only a single fault at a time.
A Microfabricated Propofol Trap for Breath-Based Anesthesia Depth Monitoring
Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 2000
ABSTRACT This paper reports a golden microtrap chip for anesthetic depth monitoring. The chip sel... more ABSTRACT This paper reports a golden microtrap chip for anesthetic depth monitoring. The chip selectively captures the propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) compound, which is a widely used substance for anesthesia, by filtering out the other species found in human breath. The fabricated silicon-glass chip is 12 mm on each side and consists of an array of high aspect ratio parabolic reflectors inside its 7 mm × 7 mm × 0.24 mm cavity. The interior surfaces of the chip are coated with an electroplated gold layer having a surface roughness of around 6.82 nm, which is an order of magnitude higher than a gold layer deposited by electron (e)-beam evaporation. Uncoated and e-beam gold-coated chips are unable to trap propofol and other compounds found in human breath. In contrast, silicon-glass chips coated with Tenax TA (2,6 diphenylene oxide), a gas adsorbing polymer, captures propofol among other volatiles present in human breath. Only devices coated with an electroplated gold layer demonstrate selective affinity for the target compound propofol. For the same propofol concentration, these golden microtraps show consistent capture efficiency with less than 8% variation in the trapped propofol amount while tested with different human breath samples. These microfabricated chips have the potential to accurately quantify the amount of propofol present in human breath samples without incorporating the gas chromatography column into the testing setup, resulting in faster analysis and reduced cost and complexity.
The existence of calendar anomalies could endanger the assumption of Efficient Market Hypothesis.... more The existence of calendar anomalies could endanger the assumption of Efficient Market Hypothesis. Using one Factor ANOVA the main hypotheses about equality in returns on daily, weekly and monthly basis are tested using F-test and are found to be insignificant, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages ARIMA and Ordinary Least Squares OLS are also extended as an alternate procedure to look for any above average returns reaped by market players. An AR1 model is fitted on the data along with a simple linear regression model to test the slopes. Before using an estimated equation for our stated hypotheses an examination of residuals is made for evidence of serial correlation using the Durbin-Watson statistic. Anderson-Darling test of normality is applied as a prerequisite before computing interval estimates and using the one factor ANOVA. The study concludes that there are no weekly effects or monthly effects in stock returns in Pakistani equity market however the market is inefficient in the short run and there is existence of daily effects where the fourth and fifty days of a week show abnormal returns using autoregressive modeling.
The relationship of stock prices and macroeconomic variables revisited: Evidence from Karachi stock exchange
African Journal of Business Management, 2012
... exchange Muhammad Akbar1*, Shahid Ali2 and Muhammad Faisal Khan3 1Bahria University Islamabad... more ... exchange Muhammad Akbar1*, Shahid Ali2 and Muhammad Faisal Khan3 1Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan. ... Akbar and Kundi (2009) analyzed the relationship between macroeconomic variables and Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE). ...
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Papers by Muhammad Akbar