Critics of television hope that cable television will broaden the scope of programming to include... more Critics of television hope that cable television will broaden the scope of programming to include more diversity, mord news, more local programming, more visibility for minority groups, and greater use of the medium for the presentation of contending views. This paper reviews what now exists and what is being planned in an effort to determine the viability of this hope. It looks at the regulatory framework in which experiments in origination have been and will take place; at a typology of origination Oforts; at government and foundation efforts to encourage experinents in origination; and at possible courses of inquiry of the Sloan Commission and its staff. The general feeling of the paper is that the outlook is not bright for broader programming; the few promising experiments are only in the-planning stages awaiting funding. uno
Global Media and China intends to address the current, ongoing, and important public controversie... more Global Media and China intends to address the current, ongoing, and important public controversies that are shaping public perceptions of China around the world. The journal also offers insights into the demands of a rapidly changing global media sphere and considers how such changes impact communication theories and practices. We have elected to include a roundtable discussion of two recent events in China that dominated the global media sphere in 2015. Thus, we invited three distinguished communication scholars to share their perceptions of the recent explosions in the warehouse storing hazardous chemicals in Tianjin and/or the rapid decline of the Shanghai financial markets. These events sorely tested the public's confidence and trust in the Chinese government and in the accuracy and sufficiency of the news reports offered by state-sanctioned media outlets, and they had impact around the world. Global media outlets frequently offered very harsh criticisms of how the Beijing responded to these occurrences, with some stories warning that they could result in political instability within China and others arguing that these events will chill global investments and impact the public confidence in China's economic growth and social stability. Monroe Price, professor of communication in the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania, Jack Qiu, professor in the School of Journalism and Communication at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Jiang Fei, professor of the Institute of Journalism and Communication at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, accepted our invitation and agreed to participate in this discussion. In the first round of the conversation, we asked them to answer the following questions: 1. What lessons can be learned from these events? Monroe Price: It is impossible to think that major events in China will not see the light of day in the global press. It is also apparent that major elements of the global press like stories pointing to economic or similar crises in China. There is schadenfreude as a factor. The whiff of suppression just makes such a story more appealing. Probably a different analytic has to be established for health-related stories and for financial stories. Each category calls for a different kind of crisis 651530G CH0010.1177/2059436416651530Global Media and ChinaRoundtable Discussion research-article2016 Roundtable Discussion
Professor Price, you were trained a lawyer and spent most of your career in law schools. But you ... more Professor Price, you were trained a lawyer and spent most of your career in law schools. But you are now based in a communications school, with your long-established reputation as a leading expert in communications law, regulation, and comparative media policy. Why do you find the study of media and communications intriguing? How do you find this interdisciplinary field meaningful?
Reviewed by Monroe E. Price* One of the most important attributes of a serious survey work is tha... more Reviewed by Monroe E. Price* One of the most important attributes of a serious survey work is that it contains a perspective on the field of law under examination. Because no survey can be totally comprehensive, it must contain, whether it is obvious or subtle, an agenda, a vision, an understanding of the way in which law interacts with the historical evolution of a particular area of activity. This is true whether the treatise is about tort law, employment discrimination, or, like David Case's important work, about Alaska Natives. In the short run, the value of a treatise is in the cases and statutes it cites and its worth as a reference book; in the long run, it is the vision, the agenda, the perception that signifies the importance of the work. David Case has chosen a definite vision and perception in the writing of Alaska Natives and American Laws. I It is a strong vision; whether it is a correct vision will be answerable only in hindsight. The gamble concerning vision is so important and fundamental to a translation of the past and an extrapolation into the future, that it is important to dwell on that vision as a means of understanding the book. Case's vision is one of Native communities in Alaska, struggling to maintain their cultural integrity, resisting waves of population changes and legislative disturbances, aspiring to reassert their power and authority, their subsistence lifestyle and their communal selfdefinition. It is not a vision of the impact of modern corporate law unalterably changing the course of Alaska Native history. As in a vast painting, where the iconography is complex, the method of understanding Alaska Natives turns on what is excluded as well as what is included in the book. Decisions concerning emphasis,
Contents: Monroe E. Price: Press Freedom Measures: An Introduction - Lee B. Becker/Tudor Vlad: Th... more Contents: Monroe E. Price: Press Freedom Measures: An Introduction - Lee B. Becker/Tudor Vlad: The Conceptualization and Operationalization of Country-Level Measures of Media Freedom - Patrick McCurdy/Gerry Power/Anna Godfrey: When Theory Meets Practice: Critical Reflections from the Field on Press Freedom Indices - Andrew Puddephatt: Examining and Critiquing Existing Measures of Media Development - Fackson Banda: What Are We Measuring? A Critical Review of Media Development Assessment Tools - Guobin Yang: Press Freedom and Transnational Online Activism in China - Christina Holtz-Bacha: Freedom of the Press: Is a Worldwide Comparison Possible and What is it Good For? - Andrei Richter: Post-Soviet Perspective on Evaluating Censorship and Freedom of the Media - Derek E. Bambauer: Comparing Cybersieves - Nicole Stremlau: Towards a New Approach to Evaluation - Craig L. LaMay: What Works? The Problem of Program Evaluation - Andy Mosher: Good, But How Good? Monitoring and Evaluation of Media Assistance Projects - Susan Abbott/Maureen Taylor: Measuring the Impact of Media Assistance Programs: Perspectives on Research-Practitioner Collaboration - Shanthi Kalathil: Measuring the Media: Examining the Interdisciplinary Approach - Thomas Jacobson/Lingling Pan/ Seung Joon Jun: Indicators of Citizen Voice for Assessing Media Development: A Communicative Action Approach - Russell S. Sobel/Nabamita Dutta/Sanjukta Roy: Beyond Borders: Is Media Freedom Contagious? - Silvio Waisbord: The Global Promotion of Media Diversity: Revisiting Operational Models and Bureaucratic Imperatives.
This chapter explores the complex negotiation of Internet policies in different national contexts... more This chapter explores the complex negotiation of Internet policies in different national contexts—and how that relates to borders and boundaries of new technologies. It commences an inquiry into competing discourses and asks how those competing discourses interact with civil society and other interests in local, regional, and transnational debates about the meaning and future architecture of the Internet. The chapter has its origins in a conference on boundaries at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, concerned with transcending the all-too-human, fleeting, but consequential lines that divide polities and territories. My talk there was titled “Of Ghosts and Vampires: Rethinking Information Flow.” It contained a formulation designed to capture global trends, global thinking, as the Internet increasingly became a contested area for defining and limiting power. The point was finding a way to reinvent rhetorical characterizations that, themselves, affect the implementation of technologies. These characterizations on a broad scale challenge forms of national regulation or, to the contrary, helped to confirm the state.
Across the country, Chinese people are celebrating the occasion in various ways. In the city squa... more Across the country, Chinese people are celebrating the occasion in various ways. In the city square of Urumqi, capital of northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, residents performed roller-skating, martial arts and Taiji under red banners reading "Fitness campaign to welcome the 2008 Olympics." More than two thousand Tibetan natives and tourists gathered on Wednesday morning in Lhasa to mark the countdown. The celebration starts with a domino display by 2,008 middle school students from Lhasa as they dropped to the ground one after another on the plaza before the Potala Palace, forming the pattern of the Olympic rings and the number "2008." "I am honored to be part of the celebration and I hope I can visit Beijing to watch the games next year," said Ouzhu, an 18-year-old Tibetan student. Residents in With a remarkable lack of irony, the authorities were responding to various kinds of global criticism. While the Olympics had undoubtedly united the residents of Beijing present, these images of Beijing solidarity were in stark contrast to the claims of many, including the Geneva Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, which had in June published an extensive critical study on the impact of the Olympics on the destruction of housing (COHRE 2007). And Xinhua, by invoking joy in Tibet, was taking on the highly controversial issue of China and human rights. One could feel the tensions generated by the various efforts to ‹x the meaning of and de‹ne these Games through news accounts across the world, a large number of which featured unof‹cial narratives not sponsored or devised by the IOC or China. The big story in the New York Times on Countdown Day dealt with the counternarrative that was the subject of the Geneva study: the human and aesthetic cost involved in the massive patterns of destruction in Beijing (Yardley 2007). Under the headline, "In Beijing, a Little Building Is Defying Olympic Ambitions," Jim Yardley wrote, "The two-story building where Ms. Sun's ancestors opened a bakery in the 1840s-their clientele included the Qing emperor and his court-has been on Beijing's demolition list since Monday. Local of‹cials have noti‹ed the Sun family that the building is along the route of the Olympic marathon. Land is needed for a beauti‹cation project. A bulldozer is parked outside. Demolition is not new in the surrounding Qianmen area, a historic neighborhood being razed and rebuilt as a shopping district for the Olympics. What is unique is that Ms. Sun is refusing to leave. She is the last holdout on a street once lined with shops. Landscapers have already covered the rest of the block with saplings and a sheet of green grass. Her building is an unsightly stump marring the view." The Los Angeles Times marked the occasion by raising other themes relating to human rights. In an editorial, it concluded that "it is consumers, the international media and cultural colossi such as Steven Spielberg-not preachy foreign governments-who can best further reform in China by speaking out before the Olympic torch arrives. We Introduction Virtually no part of this book focuses on the sports and athletics of the Olympic Games themselves. But, of course, athletics and athletic prowess spin their own narratives of power. It is not for nothing that China seeks to top the medal table and use the symbol of gold as an index of its place in the world. Sports are implicated in narratives of gender, race, and class; the manifestations of sports tell much about a society, and all of that will be on view at the Olympics. But these questions-including the narrative of doping-represent a substantial and different ‹eld of scholarship from what is at play in these pages. As BOCOG, China, and others continue to prepare, this book is an experiment in taking a longer view of the "event," thinking of it as something that stretches over a prolonged period and includes the run-up as well as the occasion itself.
Critics of television hope that cable television will broaden the scope of programming to include... more Critics of television hope that cable television will broaden the scope of programming to include more diversity, mord news, more local programming, more visibility for minority groups, and greater use of the medium for the presentation of contending views. This paper reviews what now exists and what is being planned in an effort to determine the viability of this hope. It looks at the regulatory framework in which experiments in origination have been and will take place; at a typology of origination Oforts; at government and foundation efforts to encourage experinents in origination; and at possible courses of inquiry of the Sloan Commission and its staff. The general feeling of the paper is that the outlook is not bright for broader programming; the few promising experiments are only in the-planning stages awaiting funding. uno
Global Media and China intends to address the current, ongoing, and important public controversie... more Global Media and China intends to address the current, ongoing, and important public controversies that are shaping public perceptions of China around the world. The journal also offers insights into the demands of a rapidly changing global media sphere and considers how such changes impact communication theories and practices. We have elected to include a roundtable discussion of two recent events in China that dominated the global media sphere in 2015. Thus, we invited three distinguished communication scholars to share their perceptions of the recent explosions in the warehouse storing hazardous chemicals in Tianjin and/or the rapid decline of the Shanghai financial markets. These events sorely tested the public's confidence and trust in the Chinese government and in the accuracy and sufficiency of the news reports offered by state-sanctioned media outlets, and they had impact around the world. Global media outlets frequently offered very harsh criticisms of how the Beijing responded to these occurrences, with some stories warning that they could result in political instability within China and others arguing that these events will chill global investments and impact the public confidence in China's economic growth and social stability. Monroe Price, professor of communication in the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania, Jack Qiu, professor in the School of Journalism and Communication at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Jiang Fei, professor of the Institute of Journalism and Communication at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, accepted our invitation and agreed to participate in this discussion. In the first round of the conversation, we asked them to answer the following questions: 1. What lessons can be learned from these events? Monroe Price: It is impossible to think that major events in China will not see the light of day in the global press. It is also apparent that major elements of the global press like stories pointing to economic or similar crises in China. There is schadenfreude as a factor. The whiff of suppression just makes such a story more appealing. Probably a different analytic has to be established for health-related stories and for financial stories. Each category calls for a different kind of crisis 651530G CH0010.1177/2059436416651530Global Media and ChinaRoundtable Discussion research-article2016 Roundtable Discussion
Professor Price, you were trained a lawyer and spent most of your career in law schools. But you ... more Professor Price, you were trained a lawyer and spent most of your career in law schools. But you are now based in a communications school, with your long-established reputation as a leading expert in communications law, regulation, and comparative media policy. Why do you find the study of media and communications intriguing? How do you find this interdisciplinary field meaningful?
Reviewed by Monroe E. Price* One of the most important attributes of a serious survey work is tha... more Reviewed by Monroe E. Price* One of the most important attributes of a serious survey work is that it contains a perspective on the field of law under examination. Because no survey can be totally comprehensive, it must contain, whether it is obvious or subtle, an agenda, a vision, an understanding of the way in which law interacts with the historical evolution of a particular area of activity. This is true whether the treatise is about tort law, employment discrimination, or, like David Case's important work, about Alaska Natives. In the short run, the value of a treatise is in the cases and statutes it cites and its worth as a reference book; in the long run, it is the vision, the agenda, the perception that signifies the importance of the work. David Case has chosen a definite vision and perception in the writing of Alaska Natives and American Laws. I It is a strong vision; whether it is a correct vision will be answerable only in hindsight. The gamble concerning vision is so important and fundamental to a translation of the past and an extrapolation into the future, that it is important to dwell on that vision as a means of understanding the book. Case's vision is one of Native communities in Alaska, struggling to maintain their cultural integrity, resisting waves of population changes and legislative disturbances, aspiring to reassert their power and authority, their subsistence lifestyle and their communal selfdefinition. It is not a vision of the impact of modern corporate law unalterably changing the course of Alaska Native history. As in a vast painting, where the iconography is complex, the method of understanding Alaska Natives turns on what is excluded as well as what is included in the book. Decisions concerning emphasis,
Contents: Monroe E. Price: Press Freedom Measures: An Introduction - Lee B. Becker/Tudor Vlad: Th... more Contents: Monroe E. Price: Press Freedom Measures: An Introduction - Lee B. Becker/Tudor Vlad: The Conceptualization and Operationalization of Country-Level Measures of Media Freedom - Patrick McCurdy/Gerry Power/Anna Godfrey: When Theory Meets Practice: Critical Reflections from the Field on Press Freedom Indices - Andrew Puddephatt: Examining and Critiquing Existing Measures of Media Development - Fackson Banda: What Are We Measuring? A Critical Review of Media Development Assessment Tools - Guobin Yang: Press Freedom and Transnational Online Activism in China - Christina Holtz-Bacha: Freedom of the Press: Is a Worldwide Comparison Possible and What is it Good For? - Andrei Richter: Post-Soviet Perspective on Evaluating Censorship and Freedom of the Media - Derek E. Bambauer: Comparing Cybersieves - Nicole Stremlau: Towards a New Approach to Evaluation - Craig L. LaMay: What Works? The Problem of Program Evaluation - Andy Mosher: Good, But How Good? Monitoring and Evaluation of Media Assistance Projects - Susan Abbott/Maureen Taylor: Measuring the Impact of Media Assistance Programs: Perspectives on Research-Practitioner Collaboration - Shanthi Kalathil: Measuring the Media: Examining the Interdisciplinary Approach - Thomas Jacobson/Lingling Pan/ Seung Joon Jun: Indicators of Citizen Voice for Assessing Media Development: A Communicative Action Approach - Russell S. Sobel/Nabamita Dutta/Sanjukta Roy: Beyond Borders: Is Media Freedom Contagious? - Silvio Waisbord: The Global Promotion of Media Diversity: Revisiting Operational Models and Bureaucratic Imperatives.
This chapter explores the complex negotiation of Internet policies in different national contexts... more This chapter explores the complex negotiation of Internet policies in different national contexts—and how that relates to borders and boundaries of new technologies. It commences an inquiry into competing discourses and asks how those competing discourses interact with civil society and other interests in local, regional, and transnational debates about the meaning and future architecture of the Internet. The chapter has its origins in a conference on boundaries at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, concerned with transcending the all-too-human, fleeting, but consequential lines that divide polities and territories. My talk there was titled “Of Ghosts and Vampires: Rethinking Information Flow.” It contained a formulation designed to capture global trends, global thinking, as the Internet increasingly became a contested area for defining and limiting power. The point was finding a way to reinvent rhetorical characterizations that, themselves, affect the implementation of technologies. These characterizations on a broad scale challenge forms of national regulation or, to the contrary, helped to confirm the state.
Across the country, Chinese people are celebrating the occasion in various ways. In the city squa... more Across the country, Chinese people are celebrating the occasion in various ways. In the city square of Urumqi, capital of northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, residents performed roller-skating, martial arts and Taiji under red banners reading "Fitness campaign to welcome the 2008 Olympics." More than two thousand Tibetan natives and tourists gathered on Wednesday morning in Lhasa to mark the countdown. The celebration starts with a domino display by 2,008 middle school students from Lhasa as they dropped to the ground one after another on the plaza before the Potala Palace, forming the pattern of the Olympic rings and the number "2008." "I am honored to be part of the celebration and I hope I can visit Beijing to watch the games next year," said Ouzhu, an 18-year-old Tibetan student. Residents in With a remarkable lack of irony, the authorities were responding to various kinds of global criticism. While the Olympics had undoubtedly united the residents of Beijing present, these images of Beijing solidarity were in stark contrast to the claims of many, including the Geneva Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, which had in June published an extensive critical study on the impact of the Olympics on the destruction of housing (COHRE 2007). And Xinhua, by invoking joy in Tibet, was taking on the highly controversial issue of China and human rights. One could feel the tensions generated by the various efforts to ‹x the meaning of and de‹ne these Games through news accounts across the world, a large number of which featured unof‹cial narratives not sponsored or devised by the IOC or China. The big story in the New York Times on Countdown Day dealt with the counternarrative that was the subject of the Geneva study: the human and aesthetic cost involved in the massive patterns of destruction in Beijing (Yardley 2007). Under the headline, "In Beijing, a Little Building Is Defying Olympic Ambitions," Jim Yardley wrote, "The two-story building where Ms. Sun's ancestors opened a bakery in the 1840s-their clientele included the Qing emperor and his court-has been on Beijing's demolition list since Monday. Local of‹cials have noti‹ed the Sun family that the building is along the route of the Olympic marathon. Land is needed for a beauti‹cation project. A bulldozer is parked outside. Demolition is not new in the surrounding Qianmen area, a historic neighborhood being razed and rebuilt as a shopping district for the Olympics. What is unique is that Ms. Sun is refusing to leave. She is the last holdout on a street once lined with shops. Landscapers have already covered the rest of the block with saplings and a sheet of green grass. Her building is an unsightly stump marring the view." The Los Angeles Times marked the occasion by raising other themes relating to human rights. In an editorial, it concluded that "it is consumers, the international media and cultural colossi such as Steven Spielberg-not preachy foreign governments-who can best further reform in China by speaking out before the Olympic torch arrives. We Introduction Virtually no part of this book focuses on the sports and athletics of the Olympic Games themselves. But, of course, athletics and athletic prowess spin their own narratives of power. It is not for nothing that China seeks to top the medal table and use the symbol of gold as an index of its place in the world. Sports are implicated in narratives of gender, race, and class; the manifestations of sports tell much about a society, and all of that will be on view at the Olympics. But these questions-including the narrative of doping-represent a substantial and different ‹eld of scholarship from what is at play in these pages. As BOCOG, China, and others continue to prepare, this book is an experiment in taking a longer view of the "event," thinking of it as something that stretches over a prolonged period and includes the run-up as well as the occasion itself.
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