Study of Anemia in Adolescent School Girls of Bhopal
Background: Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common form of malnutrition, early intervention du... more Background: Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common form of malnutrition, early intervention during adolescence (girls) can prevent high morbidity and mortality of these future mothers. Objectives: To study prevalence & factors contributing to anaemia among adolescent school girls. Material and Methods: Area or region addressed – Iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls. Present study was conducted among 317 adolescent (10-19Yrs) government schoolgirls of Bhopal city from June2005-July2006. Three study groups were selected from three different girls’ school by random sampling method. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS. Result & Conclusion: Overall prevalence was 58.4% among adolescent schoolgirls. Prevalence of anemia was dependent on the knowledge about prevention of anemia, literacy level, food habits, birth order & also frequency of Iron rich source viz. green leafy vegetable & non vegetarian diet. While there was no significant relation of anemia with duration of menstr...
Road traffic accidents are a major yet neglected public health problem in developing countries. I... more Road traffic accidents are a major yet neglected public health problem in developing countries. It is due to multifactorial causes viz. human, vehicular and environmental factors play role before, during and after a Road Traffic Accidents (RTA). Modifiable & preventable factor can help in reducing burden up to some extent. Study was planned to study the major causes/risk factors as well as nature, type and mode of occurrence of road traffic accidents in Ujjain city. Descriptive study was planned using information from different sources like District Hospital, Private hospitals, Traffic Police record then filtering for duplicate cases was done and all the victims of road traffic accidents in last one month were the study subjects. Total accidents noticed during study period was 87 with 9 deaths. Most vulnerable age group for accident was 25–34 year with males predominance. Most common cause of road traffic accident was driving above speed limit (47.1%) followed by consumption of alco...
Background The present retrospective study on urinary stone disease in the Uttarakhand state was ... more Background The present retrospective study on urinary stone disease in the Uttarakhand state was necessitated as no study has been done yet. Methods A 13 year retrospective study (from 2005 to 2018) was conducted on the urinary stones removed from the patients, admitted at Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun. The incidence of the disease, site of stones in urinary tract upon diagnosis, composition of removed stones and occurrence of a possible co-relationship between the incidence of the urinary stone disease at different times, age, sex, religion of the patients was investigated. Results The frequency of occurrence of urinary stones in males was found to be almost three times more as compared to their female counterparts. The above trend was consistent over the entire period of the study. Interestingly, in the Muslim and Sikh population of the area, females were found to be less prone to the problem as compared to their Hindu counterparts. However, in all religious gr...
Original Ar ticle S tudy of anemia in adolescent school girls of Bhopal
Background: Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common form of malnutrition, early intervention du... more Background: Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common form of malnutrition, early intervention during adolescence (girls) can prevent high morbidity and mortality of these future mothers. Objectives: To study prevalence & factors contributing to anaemia among adolescent school girls. Material and Methods: Area or region addressed – Iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls. Present study was conducted among 317 adolescent (10-19Yrs) government schoolgirls of Bhopal city from June2005-July2006. Three study groups were selected from three different girls’ school by random sampling method. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS. Result & Conclusion: Overall prevalence was 58.4% among adolescent schoolgirls. Prevalence of anemia was dependent on the knowledge about prevention of anemia, literacy level, food habits, birth order & also frequency of Iron rich source viz. green leafy vegetable & non vegetarian diet. While there was no significant relation of anemia with duration of menstr...
Fluoride had been shown to inhibit collagen-induced in vitro mineralization without affecting dem... more Fluoride had been shown to inhibit collagen-induced in vitro mineralization without affecting demineralization at its lower concentrations (> 1X10-5 and < 1X10-4 M) and stimulate mineralization in addition to inhibiting demineralization at its concentration > 1X10-4 M. The present studies were designed to investigate the mechanism by which fluoride acts to produce these concentrationdependent effects. The inhibition of mineralization occurring at the lower concentrations of fluoride was found to be due to the inactivation of the specific calcium binding sites of collagen involved in initiating the process of mineralization. Stimulation of mineralization obtained at the higher concentrations of fluoride was found to be due to the activation of the specific phosphate-binding sites of the collagen and the formation of a relatively less soluble and highly stable fluorapatite instead of hydroxyapatite. At its higher concentrations, fluoride was also found to inhibit demineralization by binding to the mineral phase associated with collagen. A model has been presented to explain the mechanisms whereby fluoride may act to produce the above observed effects.
Urinary stone disease is an ailment that has afflicted human kind for many centuries. Nephrolithi... more Urinary stone disease is an ailment that has afflicted human kind for many centuries. Nephrolithiasis is a significant clinical problem in everyday practice with a subsequent burden for the health system. Nephrolithiasis remains a chronic disease and our fundamental understanding of the pathogenesis of stones as well as their prevention and cure still remains rudimentary. Regardless of the fact that supersaturation of stone-forming salts in urine is essential, abundance of these salts by itself will not always result in stone formation. The pathogenesis of calcium oxalate stone formation is a multistep process and essentially includes nucleation, crystal growth, crystal aggregation, and crystal retention. Various substances in the body have an effect on one or more of the above stone-forming processes, thereby influencing a person’s ability to promote or prevent stone formation. Promoters facilitate the stone formation while inhibitors prevent it. Besides low urine volume and low ur...
Annals of International medical and Dental Research
Background: Biochemical markers of acute neuronal injury may aid in the diagnosis and management ... more Background: Biochemical markers of acute neuronal injury may aid in the diagnosis and management of cerebrovascular stroke. Neuron specific enolase (NSE) is one such marker which is released in the blood in acute neuronal injury and can be estimated in the serum of patients to assess the short-term neurological outcome. This study was carried out on patients of acute cerebrovascular stroke with the aim to compare NSE levels in normal subjects with that in cerebrovascular stroke patients. Methods: 60 subjects investigated in the study included 30 cerebrovascular stroke patients who were admitted within 72 hours of onset of stroke symptoms, in the Emergency Department and the Department of Neurology at HIMS, and 30 healthy controls. Serum NSE levels of cases and controls were determined on day 1 and day 7 using DRG-NSE ELISA kit. Statistical analysis was performed using the unpaired 't' test on SPSS software for windows version 17.0 Results: There was a significant difference in the levels of serum NSE between cases and controls (p<0.001).The mean levels of serum NSE in controls were 2.25±2.12 ng/ml and in cases at the time of admission were 89.18±46.89 ng/ml. The normal range of serum NSE is 0-12 ng/ml. It was also observed that the levels of serum NSE showed no difference in males or females or among different age groups. Conclusion: This study showed that estimation of serum NSE levels can be used as an early marker of neuronal damage in acute cerebrovascular stroke patients.
Background: Based upon the differences observed in the level of urinary inhibitors between adult ... more Background: Based upon the differences observed in the level of urinary inhibitors between adult normal subjects of both sexes and kidney stone patients of identical sex, it has been postulated that urinary inhibitors play an important role in the control of pathological mineralization. Review of literature revealed that corresponding studies on the level of urinary inhibitors in children of both sexes and during various stages of pregnancy are not available. These studies, so important to investigate the role of inhibitors in physiological mineralization, formed the objective of the present study. Materials and Methods: Homogenous system of In vitro mineralization was employed to study not only the extend of mineralization and the effect of various urine samples obtained from normal subjects of both sexes and pregnant females at various trimesters of pregnancy on extend of mineralization but also to quantify the level of the inhibitors. Results: Using in vitro system of minera...
Study of Anemia in Adolescent School Girls of Bhopal
Background: Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common form of malnutrition, early intervention du... more Background: Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common form of malnutrition, early intervention during adolescence (girls) can prevent high morbidity and mortality of these future mothers. Objectives: To study prevalence & factors contributing to anaemia among adolescent school girls. Material and Methods: Area or region addressed – Iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls. Present study was conducted among 317 adolescent (10-19Yrs) government schoolgirls of Bhopal city from June2005-July2006. Three study groups were selected from three different girls’ school by random sampling method. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS. Result & Conclusion: Overall prevalence was 58.4% among adolescent schoolgirls. Prevalence of anemia was dependent on the knowledge about prevention of anemia, literacy level, food habits, birth order & also frequency of Iron rich source viz. green leafy vegetable & non vegetarian diet. While there was no significant relation of anemia with duration of menstr...
Road traffic accidents are a major yet neglected public health problem in developing countries. I... more Road traffic accidents are a major yet neglected public health problem in developing countries. It is due to multifactorial causes viz. human, vehicular and environmental factors play role before, during and after a Road Traffic Accidents (RTA). Modifiable & preventable factor can help in reducing burden up to some extent. Study was planned to study the major causes/risk factors as well as nature, type and mode of occurrence of road traffic accidents in Ujjain city. Descriptive study was planned using information from different sources like District Hospital, Private hospitals, Traffic Police record then filtering for duplicate cases was done and all the victims of road traffic accidents in last one month were the study subjects. Total accidents noticed during study period was 87 with 9 deaths. Most vulnerable age group for accident was 25–34 year with males predominance. Most common cause of road traffic accident was driving above speed limit (47.1%) followed by consumption of alco...
Background The present retrospective study on urinary stone disease in the Uttarakhand state was ... more Background The present retrospective study on urinary stone disease in the Uttarakhand state was necessitated as no study has been done yet. Methods A 13 year retrospective study (from 2005 to 2018) was conducted on the urinary stones removed from the patients, admitted at Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun. The incidence of the disease, site of stones in urinary tract upon diagnosis, composition of removed stones and occurrence of a possible co-relationship between the incidence of the urinary stone disease at different times, age, sex, religion of the patients was investigated. Results The frequency of occurrence of urinary stones in males was found to be almost three times more as compared to their female counterparts. The above trend was consistent over the entire period of the study. Interestingly, in the Muslim and Sikh population of the area, females were found to be less prone to the problem as compared to their Hindu counterparts. However, in all religious gr...
Original Ar ticle S tudy of anemia in adolescent school girls of Bhopal
Background: Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common form of malnutrition, early intervention du... more Background: Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common form of malnutrition, early intervention during adolescence (girls) can prevent high morbidity and mortality of these future mothers. Objectives: To study prevalence & factors contributing to anaemia among adolescent school girls. Material and Methods: Area or region addressed – Iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls. Present study was conducted among 317 adolescent (10-19Yrs) government schoolgirls of Bhopal city from June2005-July2006. Three study groups were selected from three different girls’ school by random sampling method. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS. Result & Conclusion: Overall prevalence was 58.4% among adolescent schoolgirls. Prevalence of anemia was dependent on the knowledge about prevention of anemia, literacy level, food habits, birth order & also frequency of Iron rich source viz. green leafy vegetable & non vegetarian diet. While there was no significant relation of anemia with duration of menstr...
Fluoride had been shown to inhibit collagen-induced in vitro mineralization without affecting dem... more Fluoride had been shown to inhibit collagen-induced in vitro mineralization without affecting demineralization at its lower concentrations (> 1X10-5 and < 1X10-4 M) and stimulate mineralization in addition to inhibiting demineralization at its concentration > 1X10-4 M. The present studies were designed to investigate the mechanism by which fluoride acts to produce these concentrationdependent effects. The inhibition of mineralization occurring at the lower concentrations of fluoride was found to be due to the inactivation of the specific calcium binding sites of collagen involved in initiating the process of mineralization. Stimulation of mineralization obtained at the higher concentrations of fluoride was found to be due to the activation of the specific phosphate-binding sites of the collagen and the formation of a relatively less soluble and highly stable fluorapatite instead of hydroxyapatite. At its higher concentrations, fluoride was also found to inhibit demineralization by binding to the mineral phase associated with collagen. A model has been presented to explain the mechanisms whereby fluoride may act to produce the above observed effects.
Urinary stone disease is an ailment that has afflicted human kind for many centuries. Nephrolithi... more Urinary stone disease is an ailment that has afflicted human kind for many centuries. Nephrolithiasis is a significant clinical problem in everyday practice with a subsequent burden for the health system. Nephrolithiasis remains a chronic disease and our fundamental understanding of the pathogenesis of stones as well as their prevention and cure still remains rudimentary. Regardless of the fact that supersaturation of stone-forming salts in urine is essential, abundance of these salts by itself will not always result in stone formation. The pathogenesis of calcium oxalate stone formation is a multistep process and essentially includes nucleation, crystal growth, crystal aggregation, and crystal retention. Various substances in the body have an effect on one or more of the above stone-forming processes, thereby influencing a person’s ability to promote or prevent stone formation. Promoters facilitate the stone formation while inhibitors prevent it. Besides low urine volume and low ur...
Annals of International medical and Dental Research
Background: Biochemical markers of acute neuronal injury may aid in the diagnosis and management ... more Background: Biochemical markers of acute neuronal injury may aid in the diagnosis and management of cerebrovascular stroke. Neuron specific enolase (NSE) is one such marker which is released in the blood in acute neuronal injury and can be estimated in the serum of patients to assess the short-term neurological outcome. This study was carried out on patients of acute cerebrovascular stroke with the aim to compare NSE levels in normal subjects with that in cerebrovascular stroke patients. Methods: 60 subjects investigated in the study included 30 cerebrovascular stroke patients who were admitted within 72 hours of onset of stroke symptoms, in the Emergency Department and the Department of Neurology at HIMS, and 30 healthy controls. Serum NSE levels of cases and controls were determined on day 1 and day 7 using DRG-NSE ELISA kit. Statistical analysis was performed using the unpaired 't' test on SPSS software for windows version 17.0 Results: There was a significant difference in the levels of serum NSE between cases and controls (p<0.001).The mean levels of serum NSE in controls were 2.25±2.12 ng/ml and in cases at the time of admission were 89.18±46.89 ng/ml. The normal range of serum NSE is 0-12 ng/ml. It was also observed that the levels of serum NSE showed no difference in males or females or among different age groups. Conclusion: This study showed that estimation of serum NSE levels can be used as an early marker of neuronal damage in acute cerebrovascular stroke patients.
Background: Based upon the differences observed in the level of urinary inhibitors between adult ... more Background: Based upon the differences observed in the level of urinary inhibitors between adult normal subjects of both sexes and kidney stone patients of identical sex, it has been postulated that urinary inhibitors play an important role in the control of pathological mineralization. Review of literature revealed that corresponding studies on the level of urinary inhibitors in children of both sexes and during various stages of pregnancy are not available. These studies, so important to investigate the role of inhibitors in physiological mineralization, formed the objective of the present study. Materials and Methods: Homogenous system of In vitro mineralization was employed to study not only the extend of mineralization and the effect of various urine samples obtained from normal subjects of both sexes and pregnant females at various trimesters of pregnancy on extend of mineralization but also to quantify the level of the inhibitors. Results: Using in vitro system of minera...
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