It has been generally observed that the fraction of the carbon in coal reporting as non methane h... more It has been generally observed that the fraction of the carbon in coal reporting as non methane hydrocarbons during coal to liquid (CTL) fuels process employing gasification and Fischer Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) using Fe based catalysts is less than 17% while theoretical limit for a CTL is around 52%. The use of supercritical CO 2 as a solvent for FTS is shown to increase the reaction rates, suppress CO 2 selectivity, reduce CH 4 selectivity and thereby increase chain growth and improve the heat transfer and wax dissolution characteristics to increase catalyst longevity. This paper presents the results from proof of concept studies on FT synthesis in supercritical CO 2 from syngas (H 2 :CO ∼1:1) typically produced from coal gasification and using a Fe-Zn-K/γ-alumina catalyst. Experiments were conducted with syngas alone, syngas diluted with N 2 and syngas diluted with CO 2. The high pressures improved the conversions and reduced the CO 2 emissions. The dilution with N 2 somewhat improved the CO conversions and CO 2 emissions. However, CH 4 emissions were found to increase. When diluted with CO 2 and experiments conducted at pressures above the critical pressure, the data show, both, an overall shift in the product distribution towards higher hydrocarbons and reduction in the parasitic loss of carbon efficiency due to carbon dioxide formation along with significant improvement in the conversion rates. The use of the supercritical CO 2 (ScCO 2) inhibited methane and converted some of the CO 2 .
Worldwide energy independence is reliant on the ability to leverage locally available resources f... more Worldwide energy independence is reliant on the ability to leverage locally available resources for fuel production. Recently, syngas produced through gasification of carbonaceous materials provided a gateway to a host of processes for the production of various chemicals including transportation fuels. The basis of the production of gasoline and diesel-like fuels is the Fischer Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) process: A catalyzed chemical reaction that converts a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) into long chain hydrocarbons. Until now, it has been argued that <em>only</em> transition metal catalysts (usually Co or Fe) are active toward the CO hydrogenation and subsequent chain growth in the presence of hydrogen. In this paper, we demonstrate that carbon nanotube (CNT) surfaces are also capable of hydro-deoxygenating CO and producing long chain hydrocarbons similar to that obtained through the FTS but with orders of magnitude higher convers...
Two spent hard chromium plating solutions were regenerated using an industrially viable electrose... more Two spent hard chromium plating solutions were regenerated using an industrially viable electroseparation method for removal of metal impurities. The spent and regenerated baths were used to obtain chromium electrodeposits that were compared with electrodeposits obtained from freshly made, impurity-free plating baths. The morphology of the electrodeposits was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Comparative evaluation of the hardness and corrosion resistance clearly shows that the physical properties of the electrodeposits obtained from the regenerated baths are superior to the properties of the electrodeposits produced from the spent solutions. These properties are close to those obtained for the electrodeposits produced from a freshly prepared hard chromium plating solution.
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017
Introduction: Cyclin D1-positive tumor cells are commonly found in mantle cell lymphoma but they ... more Introduction: Cyclin D1-positive tumor cells are commonly found in mantle cell lymphoma but they are very rare in diffuse large Bcell lymphoma. Clinical findings/Patient concerns: Here we present a rare case of cyclin D1-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the right tonsil of a 50-year-old man. Computed tomographic imaging detected a mass, about 2.5 cm  1.8 cm in size, in the left side of the oropharynx. Diagnoses: Microscopically, the tumor cells were located under the pharyngeal mucosa and diffusely arranged. The tumor cells were large, with marked nuclear atypia. On performing immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells showed diffuse positive staining for CD10, CD20, cyclin D1, and Pax-5, and negative staining for CD3, CD15, CD30, CD56, and CK. Bcl-6 and Mum-1 expression were observed in 60% and 80% of tumor cells, respectively. The tumor Ki67 index was about 60%. Based on these findings, The tumor was diagnosed as a rare cyclin D1-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma rather than a mantle cell lymphoma. Conclusion: Cyclin D1-positive large B-cell lymphoma is rare, but as large B-cell lymphoma is a common type of lymphoma, cyclin D1-positive large B-cell lymphoma should be considered a major possibility during differential diagnosis, including in the tonsils. Abbreviations: CT = computed tomographic, DLBCL = diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, HPF = high-power field, IPI = International Prognosis Index.
There are currently three key drivers for the US energy sector a) increasing energy demand and b)... more There are currently three key drivers for the US energy sector a) increasing energy demand and b) environmental stewardship in energy production for sustainability and c) general public and governmental desire for domestic resources. These drivers are also true for energy nation globally. As a result, this sector is rapidly diversifying to alternate sources that would supplement or replace fossil fuels. These changes have created a need for a highly trained workforce with a the understanding of both conventional and emerging energy resources and technology to lead and facilitate the reinvention of the US energy production, rational deployment of alternate energy technologies based on scientific and business criteria while invigorating the overall economy. In addition, the current trends focus on the the need of Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) graduate education to move beyond academia and be more responsive to the workforce needs of businesses and the industry. The SIUC PSM in Advanced Energy and Fuels Management (AEFM) program was developed in response to the industries stated need for employees who combine technical competencies and workforce skills similar to all PSM degree programs. The SIUC AEFM program was designed to provide the STEM graduates with advanced technical training inmore » energy resources and technology while simultaneously equipping them with the business management skills required by professional employers in the energy sector. Technical training include core skills in energy resources, technology and management for both conventional and emerging energy technologies. Business skills training include financial, personnel and project management. A capstone internship is also built into the program to train students such that they are acclimatized to the real world scenarios in research laboratories, in energy companies and in government agencies. The current curriculum in the SIUC AEFM will help fill the need for training both recent graduates seeking specialized training prior to entering the energy industry workforce as well as working professionals in the energy industry who require additional training and qualifications for further career advancement. It is expected that the students graduating from the program will be stewards of effective, sustainable and environmentally sound use of these resources to ensure energy independence and meet the growing demands.The application of this Professional Science Masters’ (PSM) program is in the fast evolving Fuels Arena. The PSM AEFM is intended to be a terminal degree which will prepare the graduates for interdisciplinary careers in team-oriented environment. The curriculum for this program was developed in concert with industry to dovetail with current and future demands based on analysis and needs. The primary objective of the project was to exploit the in house resources such as existing curriculum and faculty strengths and develop a curriculum with consultations with industry to meet current and future demands. Additional objectives was to develop courses specific to the degree and to provide the students with a set of business skills in finance accounting and sustainable project management.« less
... of H2 from the coal gasification products also supports existing H2 markets (such as refineri... more ... of H2 from the coal gasification products also supports existing H2 markets (such as refineries and power ... Up to 84 % purity hydrogen stream was reported by Lin et al (2002) in a ... The pressurized bed reactor provided higher rates of CH4 decomposition resulting in the higher H2 ...
The influence of the mass transfer effects, the applied current density, the solution pH and temp... more The influence of the mass transfer effects, the applied current density, the solution pH and temperature, and bath composition on the current efficiency of the deposit was determined. Cyclic voltammetry on the deposition bath was conducted to understand the mechanism of deposition. The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction spectroscopy and were found to be generally amorphous with small amounts of crystalline phases dispersed depending upon the phosphorous content. The corrosion resistance of the deposits in a chloride medium was observed to increase with the phosphorous content. The knoop hardness of the electrodeposits was studied as a function of the phosphorous content as well.
The production of high purity hydrogen from steam gasification of coal has been investigated. The... more The production of high purity hydrogen from steam gasification of coal has been investigated. The separation of carbon monoxide from hydrogen in the gasification products is achieved by carbon monoxide oxidation to carbon dioxide followed by uptake of the carbon dioxide by a suitable removal agent. This uptake of carbon dioxide increases the water gas shift reaction and enhances the yield and purity of hydrogen. In addition to water gas shift reaction, the oxidation is enhanced by the use of a solid oxygen transfer agent (hematite) in the hydrogen enrichment pass. Subsequently, the reduced oxygen transfer agent is reoxidized (and thus regenerated) in the presence of air and the heat liberated via the exothermic reaction is utilized to regenerate carbon dioxide removal agent. In this study, the effect of process variables on coal gasification and hydrogen enrichment have been evaluated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted to understand the mechanism of iron oxide reductio...
Executive Summary There is presently a need to develop alternatives to the widely used Wild Abort... more Executive Summary There is presently a need to develop alternatives to the widely used Wild Abortive male sterility system to facilitate the use of hybrid rice technology in India. In this project, putative alloplasmic lines have been produced by a robust protoplast fusion procedure employing the fragrant Indian rice cultivar Pusa Basmati 1 with O. granulata. This material will be sent to the Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India and the Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack for evaluation and the development of new genotypes of hybrid rice with novel cytoplasms. This germplasm will contribute significantly towards the development and uptake of hybrid rice in India.
ABSTRACT Corrosion of rock bolts is a relatively slow process yet a potential problem for the und... more ABSTRACT Corrosion of rock bolts is a relatively slow process yet a potential problem for the underground mining industry. Mine groundwater in the strata through natural or mining-induced cracks together with the humid environment in the mine openings interact with the roof support systems often resulting in corrosion. Electrochemical studies of the commonly used rock bolt steel in the coal mining environments will lead to a better understanding of the material’s performance and their ability to resist corrosion. The influence of pH, solution resistivity, total dissolved solids, and aggressive ions on the electrochemical properties of rock bolt steel are discussed. This preliminary study focuses on understanding the corrosion potential, polarization resistance, and corrosion rates of the rock bolt steel that is most commonly used in US underground coal mines. Based on the findings, it was observed that the polarization resistance (Rp) is inversely proportional to the corrosion rate (CR) over time.
ABSTRACT The influence of various parameters such as the applied current density and bath pH on t... more ABSTRACT The influence of various parameters such as the applied current density and bath pH on the composition of CoP deposits has been studied. The data show that an increase in the current density leads to a decrease in the phosphorus content with a concomitant increase in the Faradaic current efficiency. A decrease in the solution pH results in an increase in the phosphorus content of the deposits with a corresponding decrease in the Faradaic current efficiency. The deposits were characterized by scanning electron microscopy.
Corrosion of the reinforced steel is the main cause that afflicts the long-term performance of me... more Corrosion of the reinforced steel is the main cause that afflicts the long-term performance of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls. The deicing salts used on pavements to melt down snow is one of the major reasons of corrosion of these reinforced steels. The aggressiveness of deicers in terms of corrosion of reinforced steel was estimated through the potentiodynamic polarization technique at various concentrations of deicers. The present study aims to determine the corrosion behavior on bare steel in presence of various individual deicing salt or deicers e.g., sodium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and potassium acetate at various concentration i.e., 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 M. In addition, the corrosivity of two backfill aggregates i.e., natural aggregate and recycled concrete aggregate, was compared. The results show that the corrosion effect of deicers on reinforced steel of MSE wall depends on its chemical composition and concentration. Among the deicers used, the sodium chloride was most aggressive and potassium acetate is the least aggressive for the bare steel. The pH and electrical resistivity values of the natural and recycled concrete aggregates were compared with the standards provided by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and found to be non-corrosive. The corrosion rate of both the aggregates on bare steel were inappreciable and while analyzing the corrosiveness of these two aggregates, recycled concrete aggregate sample was observed to be more aggressive than the natural aggregate.
It has been generally observed that the fraction of the carbon in coal reporting as non methane h... more It has been generally observed that the fraction of the carbon in coal reporting as non methane hydrocarbons during coal to liquid (CTL) fuels process employing gasification and Fischer Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) using Fe based catalysts is less than 17% while theoretical limit for a CTL is around 52%. The use of supercritical CO 2 as a solvent for FTS is shown to increase the reaction rates, suppress CO 2 selectivity, reduce CH 4 selectivity and thereby increase chain growth and improve the heat transfer and wax dissolution characteristics to increase catalyst longevity. This paper presents the results from proof of concept studies on FT synthesis in supercritical CO 2 from syngas (H 2 :CO ∼1:1) typically produced from coal gasification and using a Fe-Zn-K/γ-alumina catalyst. Experiments were conducted with syngas alone, syngas diluted with N 2 and syngas diluted with CO 2. The high pressures improved the conversions and reduced the CO 2 emissions. The dilution with N 2 somewhat improved the CO conversions and CO 2 emissions. However, CH 4 emissions were found to increase. When diluted with CO 2 and experiments conducted at pressures above the critical pressure, the data show, both, an overall shift in the product distribution towards higher hydrocarbons and reduction in the parasitic loss of carbon efficiency due to carbon dioxide formation along with significant improvement in the conversion rates. The use of the supercritical CO 2 (ScCO 2) inhibited methane and converted some of the CO 2 .
Worldwide energy independence is reliant on the ability to leverage locally available resources f... more Worldwide energy independence is reliant on the ability to leverage locally available resources for fuel production. Recently, syngas produced through gasification of carbonaceous materials provided a gateway to a host of processes for the production of various chemicals including transportation fuels. The basis of the production of gasoline and diesel-like fuels is the Fischer Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) process: A catalyzed chemical reaction that converts a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) into long chain hydrocarbons. Until now, it has been argued that <em>only</em> transition metal catalysts (usually Co or Fe) are active toward the CO hydrogenation and subsequent chain growth in the presence of hydrogen. In this paper, we demonstrate that carbon nanotube (CNT) surfaces are also capable of hydro-deoxygenating CO and producing long chain hydrocarbons similar to that obtained through the FTS but with orders of magnitude higher convers...
Two spent hard chromium plating solutions were regenerated using an industrially viable electrose... more Two spent hard chromium plating solutions were regenerated using an industrially viable electroseparation method for removal of metal impurities. The spent and regenerated baths were used to obtain chromium electrodeposits that were compared with electrodeposits obtained from freshly made, impurity-free plating baths. The morphology of the electrodeposits was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Comparative evaluation of the hardness and corrosion resistance clearly shows that the physical properties of the electrodeposits obtained from the regenerated baths are superior to the properties of the electrodeposits produced from the spent solutions. These properties are close to those obtained for the electrodeposits produced from a freshly prepared hard chromium plating solution.
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017
Introduction: Cyclin D1-positive tumor cells are commonly found in mantle cell lymphoma but they ... more Introduction: Cyclin D1-positive tumor cells are commonly found in mantle cell lymphoma but they are very rare in diffuse large Bcell lymphoma. Clinical findings/Patient concerns: Here we present a rare case of cyclin D1-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the right tonsil of a 50-year-old man. Computed tomographic imaging detected a mass, about 2.5 cm  1.8 cm in size, in the left side of the oropharynx. Diagnoses: Microscopically, the tumor cells were located under the pharyngeal mucosa and diffusely arranged. The tumor cells were large, with marked nuclear atypia. On performing immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells showed diffuse positive staining for CD10, CD20, cyclin D1, and Pax-5, and negative staining for CD3, CD15, CD30, CD56, and CK. Bcl-6 and Mum-1 expression were observed in 60% and 80% of tumor cells, respectively. The tumor Ki67 index was about 60%. Based on these findings, The tumor was diagnosed as a rare cyclin D1-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma rather than a mantle cell lymphoma. Conclusion: Cyclin D1-positive large B-cell lymphoma is rare, but as large B-cell lymphoma is a common type of lymphoma, cyclin D1-positive large B-cell lymphoma should be considered a major possibility during differential diagnosis, including in the tonsils. Abbreviations: CT = computed tomographic, DLBCL = diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, HPF = high-power field, IPI = International Prognosis Index.
There are currently three key drivers for the US energy sector a) increasing energy demand and b)... more There are currently three key drivers for the US energy sector a) increasing energy demand and b) environmental stewardship in energy production for sustainability and c) general public and governmental desire for domestic resources. These drivers are also true for energy nation globally. As a result, this sector is rapidly diversifying to alternate sources that would supplement or replace fossil fuels. These changes have created a need for a highly trained workforce with a the understanding of both conventional and emerging energy resources and technology to lead and facilitate the reinvention of the US energy production, rational deployment of alternate energy technologies based on scientific and business criteria while invigorating the overall economy. In addition, the current trends focus on the the need of Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) graduate education to move beyond academia and be more responsive to the workforce needs of businesses and the industry. The SIUC PSM in Advanced Energy and Fuels Management (AEFM) program was developed in response to the industries stated need for employees who combine technical competencies and workforce skills similar to all PSM degree programs. The SIUC AEFM program was designed to provide the STEM graduates with advanced technical training inmore » energy resources and technology while simultaneously equipping them with the business management skills required by professional employers in the energy sector. Technical training include core skills in energy resources, technology and management for both conventional and emerging energy technologies. Business skills training include financial, personnel and project management. A capstone internship is also built into the program to train students such that they are acclimatized to the real world scenarios in research laboratories, in energy companies and in government agencies. The current curriculum in the SIUC AEFM will help fill the need for training both recent graduates seeking specialized training prior to entering the energy industry workforce as well as working professionals in the energy industry who require additional training and qualifications for further career advancement. It is expected that the students graduating from the program will be stewards of effective, sustainable and environmentally sound use of these resources to ensure energy independence and meet the growing demands.The application of this Professional Science Masters’ (PSM) program is in the fast evolving Fuels Arena. The PSM AEFM is intended to be a terminal degree which will prepare the graduates for interdisciplinary careers in team-oriented environment. The curriculum for this program was developed in concert with industry to dovetail with current and future demands based on analysis and needs. The primary objective of the project was to exploit the in house resources such as existing curriculum and faculty strengths and develop a curriculum with consultations with industry to meet current and future demands. Additional objectives was to develop courses specific to the degree and to provide the students with a set of business skills in finance accounting and sustainable project management.« less
... of H2 from the coal gasification products also supports existing H2 markets (such as refineri... more ... of H2 from the coal gasification products also supports existing H2 markets (such as refineries and power ... Up to 84 % purity hydrogen stream was reported by Lin et al (2002) in a ... The pressurized bed reactor provided higher rates of CH4 decomposition resulting in the higher H2 ...
The influence of the mass transfer effects, the applied current density, the solution pH and temp... more The influence of the mass transfer effects, the applied current density, the solution pH and temperature, and bath composition on the current efficiency of the deposit was determined. Cyclic voltammetry on the deposition bath was conducted to understand the mechanism of deposition. The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction spectroscopy and were found to be generally amorphous with small amounts of crystalline phases dispersed depending upon the phosphorous content. The corrosion resistance of the deposits in a chloride medium was observed to increase with the phosphorous content. The knoop hardness of the electrodeposits was studied as a function of the phosphorous content as well.
The production of high purity hydrogen from steam gasification of coal has been investigated. The... more The production of high purity hydrogen from steam gasification of coal has been investigated. The separation of carbon monoxide from hydrogen in the gasification products is achieved by carbon monoxide oxidation to carbon dioxide followed by uptake of the carbon dioxide by a suitable removal agent. This uptake of carbon dioxide increases the water gas shift reaction and enhances the yield and purity of hydrogen. In addition to water gas shift reaction, the oxidation is enhanced by the use of a solid oxygen transfer agent (hematite) in the hydrogen enrichment pass. Subsequently, the reduced oxygen transfer agent is reoxidized (and thus regenerated) in the presence of air and the heat liberated via the exothermic reaction is utilized to regenerate carbon dioxide removal agent. In this study, the effect of process variables on coal gasification and hydrogen enrichment have been evaluated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted to understand the mechanism of iron oxide reductio...
Executive Summary There is presently a need to develop alternatives to the widely used Wild Abort... more Executive Summary There is presently a need to develop alternatives to the widely used Wild Abortive male sterility system to facilitate the use of hybrid rice technology in India. In this project, putative alloplasmic lines have been produced by a robust protoplast fusion procedure employing the fragrant Indian rice cultivar Pusa Basmati 1 with O. granulata. This material will be sent to the Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India and the Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack for evaluation and the development of new genotypes of hybrid rice with novel cytoplasms. This germplasm will contribute significantly towards the development and uptake of hybrid rice in India.
ABSTRACT Corrosion of rock bolts is a relatively slow process yet a potential problem for the und... more ABSTRACT Corrosion of rock bolts is a relatively slow process yet a potential problem for the underground mining industry. Mine groundwater in the strata through natural or mining-induced cracks together with the humid environment in the mine openings interact with the roof support systems often resulting in corrosion. Electrochemical studies of the commonly used rock bolt steel in the coal mining environments will lead to a better understanding of the material’s performance and their ability to resist corrosion. The influence of pH, solution resistivity, total dissolved solids, and aggressive ions on the electrochemical properties of rock bolt steel are discussed. This preliminary study focuses on understanding the corrosion potential, polarization resistance, and corrosion rates of the rock bolt steel that is most commonly used in US underground coal mines. Based on the findings, it was observed that the polarization resistance (Rp) is inversely proportional to the corrosion rate (CR) over time.
ABSTRACT The influence of various parameters such as the applied current density and bath pH on t... more ABSTRACT The influence of various parameters such as the applied current density and bath pH on the composition of CoP deposits has been studied. The data show that an increase in the current density leads to a decrease in the phosphorus content with a concomitant increase in the Faradaic current efficiency. A decrease in the solution pH results in an increase in the phosphorus content of the deposits with a corresponding decrease in the Faradaic current efficiency. The deposits were characterized by scanning electron microscopy.
Corrosion of the reinforced steel is the main cause that afflicts the long-term performance of me... more Corrosion of the reinforced steel is the main cause that afflicts the long-term performance of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls. The deicing salts used on pavements to melt down snow is one of the major reasons of corrosion of these reinforced steels. The aggressiveness of deicers in terms of corrosion of reinforced steel was estimated through the potentiodynamic polarization technique at various concentrations of deicers. The present study aims to determine the corrosion behavior on bare steel in presence of various individual deicing salt or deicers e.g., sodium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and potassium acetate at various concentration i.e., 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 M. In addition, the corrosivity of two backfill aggregates i.e., natural aggregate and recycled concrete aggregate, was compared. The results show that the corrosion effect of deicers on reinforced steel of MSE wall depends on its chemical composition and concentration. Among the deicers used, the sodium chloride was most aggressive and potassium acetate is the least aggressive for the bare steel. The pH and electrical resistivity values of the natural and recycled concrete aggregates were compared with the standards provided by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and found to be non-corrosive. The corrosion rate of both the aggregates on bare steel were inappreciable and while analyzing the corrosiveness of these two aggregates, recycled concrete aggregate sample was observed to be more aggressive than the natural aggregate.
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Papers by Kanchan Mondal