Bio-fuels are considered to be cheap, sustainable and more environmental friendly. Management con... more Bio-fuels are considered to be cheap, sustainable and more environmental friendly. Management considerations including sowing method and suitable cultivar have considerable effect on the dry matter yield of plants which in turns influenced the bio-fuel yield. Field experiment was conducted during 2016 and 2017 17 to assess the impact of sowing methods and cultivars on biomass production, biomass composition and methane production from sorghum bicolor. The ridge sowing performed better and resulted in taller plants with maximum diameter and leaves, dry matter and methane yield ha-1. Moreover, the sowing methods had non-significant effect on protein, sugar, ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and lignin contents and specific methane yield. In case of cultivars Jawar-2011 performed significantly better with maximum plant height, leaves, dry matter production, protein and ash concentration and methane ha-1 as compared to other cultivars. In conclusion, ridge sowing and cultivar Jawar-2011 may be opted owing to high biomass production for increasing the methane yield ha-1 .
Zinc (Zn) deficiency caused by inadequate dietary intake is a global nutritional problem, particu... more Zinc (Zn) deficiency caused by inadequate dietary intake is a global nutritional problem, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, zinc biofortification of wheat and other cereal crops is being urgently addressed and highly prioritized as a research topic. A field study was planned to evaluate the influence of zinc application on grain yield, grain zinc content, and grain phytic acid concentrations of wheat cultivars, and the relationships between these parameters. Three wheat cultivars, C 1 = Faisalabad-2008, C 2 = Punjab-2011, and C 3 = Millet-2011 were tested with five different methods of zinc application: T 1 = control, T 2 = seed priming, T 3 = soil application, T 4 = foliar application, and T 5 = soil + foliar application. It was found that grain yield and grain zinc were positively correlated, whereas, grain phytic acid and grain zinc were significantly negatively correlated. Results also revealed that T 5 , T 3 , and T 4 considerably increased grain yield; however, T 2 only slightly enhanced grain yield. Grain zinc concentration increased from 33.1 and 33.7 mg kg −1 in T 1 to 62.3 and 63.1 mg kg −1 in T 5 in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, respectively. In particular, T 5 markedly decreased grain phytic acid content; however, maximum concentration was recorded in T 1. Moreover, all the tested cultivars exhibited considerable variation in grain yield, grain zinc, and grain phytic acid content. In conclusion, T 5 was found to be most suitable for both optimum grain yield and grain biofortification of wheat.
W heat is an essential source of food and provides an appreciable amount of protein, carbohydrate... more W heat is an essential source of food and provides an appreciable amount of protein, carbohydrates, zinc, fiber, calories, energy and fat globally (Chattha et al., 2017a; Hassan et al., 2019a Hassan et al., , 2021a;; Mohsin et al., 2021). Nonetheless, production of wheat across the continents is substantially decreasing owing to drought stress linked with climate change . Moreover, frequency of drought stress is contentiously soaring up owing to unpredictable rainfall and rapid change in climate Abstract | Drought is serious constrain to global food production and shortage of water at any stage of plant life can be damaging for growth, physiological processes and yield. Thus, present study was executed to determine the impact of drought on growth and yield of different wheat cultivars. The study was comprised of early drought treatment such as I 0 (control), I 1 (fist irrigation 30 days after sowing), I 2 (first irrigation 45 days after sowing) and I 3 (first irrigation 60 days after sowing) and wheat cultivars Faisalabad-2008 (standard height and low tillering), Td-1 (low height and low tillering) and Galaxy-2013 (standard height and high tillering). The results indicated that maximum leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), tillers (356.2 m 2 ), spikelet/spike (18.61), grains/spike (49.53), 1000-grain weight (44.4 g), biological yield (12.95 t ha -1 ) and grain yield (4.61 t ha -1 ) was recorded in control whereas lowest value for these parameters were recorded when first irrigation was applied 60 days after sowing. Among cultivars Galaxy-2013 performed well maximum LAI, CGR, plant height (83.42 cm), tillers (358 m 2 ), spikelet/spike (18.61), grains/spike (44.97), 1000 seed weight (43.4 g) and grain yield (4.42 t ha -1 ), whereas Td-1 performed poorly with minimum LAI, CGR, plant height (71.10 cm), tillers (331 m 2 ), spikelet/spike (17.64), grains/spike (35.48), 1000 grain weight (35.50 g) and grain yield (3.14 t ha -1 ). In conclusion cultivar Galaxy-2013 with standard height and high tillering can be grown in drought stress areas to get maximum wheat productivity.
International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 2014
Knowledge has become power now a days and organization in the ever changing world now a day consi... more Knowledge has become power now a days and organization in the ever changing world now a day consider knowledge and intellect of tier employees as a competitive edge which enables such organizations to compete effectively in the marketplace. The literature in the domain of intellectual capital management has received considerable evidence as to whether the intellectual capital contributes towards the firm performance and value or not. This study extends the evidence in this regard by conducting research on Oil & Gas sector of Pakistan.Using VAIC model of intellectual capital measurement and ROA, ROE, EPS, Sales growth ad M/B ratio as proxies of internal and external performance of the company this study documents a positive impact of intellectual capital on the organizational performance and value in the Oil & Gas sector of Pakistan. Thus, intellectual capital could be considered an intangible asset and spending with regard to the development and establishment of intellectual capita ...
Weeds are major threat to global wheat production and cause serious threat to food security. Like... more Weeds are major threat to global wheat production and cause serious threat to food security. Likewise, water scarcity is also a major threat to food production and its intensity is continuously soaring up across the globe. Organic mulches have potential to reduce weeds growth and conserve the soil moisture thus ensures the better crop growth and yield. Therefore, present study was conducted to compare the performance of different organic mulches in improving wheat growth and productivity. The study was comprised of different organic mulches; M1= No mulch (control) M2= maize straw mulch, M3= wheat straw mulch, M4= sorghum straw mulch and M5= rice straw mulch and three nitrogen levels N1 = 90 kg, N2 = 120 kg and N3= 150 kg/ha. The results indicated that both organic mulches and N rates had significant impact on growth, and yield traits. The maximum leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), productive tillers (307 m-2), grains/spike (46.22), 1000 grain weight (42.33 g) biological ...
The energy consumption and demands are increasing rapidly around the globe, owing to ever bloomin... more The energy consumption and demands are increasing rapidly around the globe, owing to ever blooming population and development of economies (Zhou et al., 2011). Nonetheless, fossil fuel reserves are continuously diminishing therefore, this has increased the research some alternative energy sources and development different other energy production, processes. Methane production through an-aerobic digestion is one of prime energy source that can be used for generation of heat and power. Different kind of biomass are used globally for the sustainable methane production including, solid waste of municipals, (Hartmann and Ahring, 2006), agriculture waste (Sakar et al., 2009), carcasses of animals (Masse et al., 2008) and variable bio-energy crops (Amon et al., 2007). Amid bio-energy crops sorghum is being used around the globe for energy production (Han et al., 2012; Yu et al., 2012). Sorghum crop has short life cycle, great resistance against a-biotic stress (Habyarimana et al., 2009), a...
This research tries to fill the gap in the body of knowledge with regard to job search behavior a... more This research tries to fill the gap in the body of knowledge with regard to job search behavior and preferences with relative to recruitment methods mostly used by the organizations for the young blood ready to be a part of practical world in Lahore. A random sample of 200 students from different public and private educational institutes was selected and their responses were obtained using survey methodology and it is established by applying simple descriptive analysis that students consider elements of job security, training and development and good initial salary more important than other job characteristics. Moreover, international opportunities and company familiarity also play a role to shape the job search behavior of the students. Students expect to use both traditional and contemporary methods of job search with a high preference given to the traditional methods of references and newspapers in physical form although organizational websites were also key preference among stud...
A field study was conducted to assess effective method to get Moringa leaf extract, through its r... more A field study was conducted to assess effective method to get Moringa leaf extract, through its response on growth and yield traits of wheat. Extracts of whole or chopped and dry or fresh Moringa leaves were used exogenously i.e. pre-sowing seed soaking as well as water diluted solution based foliar spray application at tillering and booting stages. Significantly higher growth response in term of leaf area index, leaf area duration, and crop growth rate was observed when combination of 30 times diluted moringa leaf extract (MLE) was applied at both crop stages. Yield contributing traits of wheat such as fertile tillers, spikelet's spikelet's per spike, grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, biological and grain yields were recorded in significantly higher due to 30 times diluted fresh MLE followed by 20 times dilution of Moringa dried leaf powder (DLP). While, control treatment and hydro-priming showed at comparable results in the form of significantly lesser fertile tillers, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain or biological yields. Conclusively, 30 times diluted MLE proved the best among the treatments combinations for improved wheat growth and yield however, the biochemical features responsible for such promotive response are yet to be investigated prior to dissemination of this technology to the farmer field.
Zinc (Zn) deficiency caused by inadequate dietary intake is a global nutritional problem, particu... more Zinc (Zn) deficiency caused by inadequate dietary intake is a global nutritional problem, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, zinc biofortification of wheat and other cereal crops is being urgently addressed and highly prioritized as a research topic. A field study was planned to evaluate the influence of zinc application on grain yield, grain zinc content, and grain phytic acid concentrations of wheat cultivars, and the relationships between these parameters. Three wheat cultivars, C 1 = Faisalabad-2008, C 2 = Punjab-2011, and C 3 = Millet-2011 were tested with five different methods of zinc application: T 1 = control, T 2 = seed priming, T 3 = soil application, T 4 = foliar application, and T 5 = soil + foliar application. It was found that grain yield and grain zinc were positively correlated, whereas, grain phytic acid and grain zinc were significantly negatively correlated. Results also revealed that T 5 , T 3 , and T 4 considerably increased grain yield; however, T 2 only slightly enhanced grain yield. Grain zinc concentration increased from 33.1 and 33.7 mg kg −1 in T 1 to 62.3 and 63.1 mg kg −1 in T 5 in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, respectively. In particular, T 5 markedly decreased grain phytic acid content; however, maximum concentration was recorded in T 1. Moreover, all the tested cultivars exhibited considerable variation in grain yield, grain zinc, and grain phytic acid content. In conclusion, T 5 was found to be most suitable for both optimum grain yield and grain biofortification of wheat.
Despite the growing debate on the stock price valuation, it has become a complex puzzle. Various ... more Despite the growing debate on the stock price valuation, it has become a complex puzzle. Various theories, models and explanations have been provided to solve this confusing riddle. This study contributes to this debate by determining the relative importance of stock dividends and retained earnings regarding stock price valuation in Karachi Stock Exchange. Data for the analysis of this study were collected from the 66 nonfinancial companies that were included in KSE-100 index for a period from 2007 to 2010. This study found the evidence that dividends are more important variable than the retained earning regarding the explanatory power of stock prices in Karachi Stock Exchange. Practical implications are also provided in the study.
Despite the growing debate on the stock price valuation, it has become a complex puzzle. Various ... more Despite the growing debate on the stock price valuation, it has become a complex puzzle. Various theories, models and explanations have been provided to solve this confusing riddle. This study contributes to this debate by determining the relative importance of stock dividends and retained earnings regarding stock price valuation in Karachi Stock Exchange. Data for the analysis of this study were collected from the 66 nonfinancial companies that were included in KSE-100 index for a period from 2007 to 2010. This study found the evidence that dividends are more important variable than the retained earning regarding the explanatory power of stock prices in Karachi Stock Exchange. Practical implications are also provided in the study.
Bio-fuels are considered to be cheap, sustainable and more environmental friendly. Management con... more Bio-fuels are considered to be cheap, sustainable and more environmental friendly. Management considerations including sowing method and suitable cultivar have considerable effect on the dry matter yield of plants which in turns influenced the bio-fuel yield. Field experiment was conducted during 2016 and 2017 17 to assess the impact of sowing methods and cultivars on biomass production, biomass composition and methane production from sorghum bicolor. The ridge sowing performed better and resulted in taller plants with maximum diameter and leaves, dry matter and methane yield ha-1. Moreover, the sowing methods had non-significant effect on protein, sugar, ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and lignin contents and specific methane yield. In case of cultivars Jawar-2011 performed significantly better with maximum plant height, leaves, dry matter production, protein and ash concentration and methane ha-1 as compared to other cultivars. In conclusion, ridge sowing and cultivar Jawar-2011 may be opted owing to high biomass production for increasing the methane yield ha-1 .
Zinc (Zn) deficiency caused by inadequate dietary intake is a global nutritional problem, particu... more Zinc (Zn) deficiency caused by inadequate dietary intake is a global nutritional problem, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, zinc biofortification of wheat and other cereal crops is being urgently addressed and highly prioritized as a research topic. A field study was planned to evaluate the influence of zinc application on grain yield, grain zinc content, and grain phytic acid concentrations of wheat cultivars, and the relationships between these parameters. Three wheat cultivars, C 1 = Faisalabad-2008, C 2 = Punjab-2011, and C 3 = Millet-2011 were tested with five different methods of zinc application: T 1 = control, T 2 = seed priming, T 3 = soil application, T 4 = foliar application, and T 5 = soil + foliar application. It was found that grain yield and grain zinc were positively correlated, whereas, grain phytic acid and grain zinc were significantly negatively correlated. Results also revealed that T 5 , T 3 , and T 4 considerably increased grain yield; however, T 2 only slightly enhanced grain yield. Grain zinc concentration increased from 33.1 and 33.7 mg kg −1 in T 1 to 62.3 and 63.1 mg kg −1 in T 5 in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, respectively. In particular, T 5 markedly decreased grain phytic acid content; however, maximum concentration was recorded in T 1. Moreover, all the tested cultivars exhibited considerable variation in grain yield, grain zinc, and grain phytic acid content. In conclusion, T 5 was found to be most suitable for both optimum grain yield and grain biofortification of wheat.
W heat is an essential source of food and provides an appreciable amount of protein, carbohydrate... more W heat is an essential source of food and provides an appreciable amount of protein, carbohydrates, zinc, fiber, calories, energy and fat globally (Chattha et al., 2017a; Hassan et al., 2019a Hassan et al., , 2021a;; Mohsin et al., 2021). Nonetheless, production of wheat across the continents is substantially decreasing owing to drought stress linked with climate change . Moreover, frequency of drought stress is contentiously soaring up owing to unpredictable rainfall and rapid change in climate Abstract | Drought is serious constrain to global food production and shortage of water at any stage of plant life can be damaging for growth, physiological processes and yield. Thus, present study was executed to determine the impact of drought on growth and yield of different wheat cultivars. The study was comprised of early drought treatment such as I 0 (control), I 1 (fist irrigation 30 days after sowing), I 2 (first irrigation 45 days after sowing) and I 3 (first irrigation 60 days after sowing) and wheat cultivars Faisalabad-2008 (standard height and low tillering), Td-1 (low height and low tillering) and Galaxy-2013 (standard height and high tillering). The results indicated that maximum leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), tillers (356.2 m 2 ), spikelet/spike (18.61), grains/spike (49.53), 1000-grain weight (44.4 g), biological yield (12.95 t ha -1 ) and grain yield (4.61 t ha -1 ) was recorded in control whereas lowest value for these parameters were recorded when first irrigation was applied 60 days after sowing. Among cultivars Galaxy-2013 performed well maximum LAI, CGR, plant height (83.42 cm), tillers (358 m 2 ), spikelet/spike (18.61), grains/spike (44.97), 1000 seed weight (43.4 g) and grain yield (4.42 t ha -1 ), whereas Td-1 performed poorly with minimum LAI, CGR, plant height (71.10 cm), tillers (331 m 2 ), spikelet/spike (17.64), grains/spike (35.48), 1000 grain weight (35.50 g) and grain yield (3.14 t ha -1 ). In conclusion cultivar Galaxy-2013 with standard height and high tillering can be grown in drought stress areas to get maximum wheat productivity.
International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 2014
Knowledge has become power now a days and organization in the ever changing world now a day consi... more Knowledge has become power now a days and organization in the ever changing world now a day consider knowledge and intellect of tier employees as a competitive edge which enables such organizations to compete effectively in the marketplace. The literature in the domain of intellectual capital management has received considerable evidence as to whether the intellectual capital contributes towards the firm performance and value or not. This study extends the evidence in this regard by conducting research on Oil & Gas sector of Pakistan.Using VAIC model of intellectual capital measurement and ROA, ROE, EPS, Sales growth ad M/B ratio as proxies of internal and external performance of the company this study documents a positive impact of intellectual capital on the organizational performance and value in the Oil & Gas sector of Pakistan. Thus, intellectual capital could be considered an intangible asset and spending with regard to the development and establishment of intellectual capita ...
Weeds are major threat to global wheat production and cause serious threat to food security. Like... more Weeds are major threat to global wheat production and cause serious threat to food security. Likewise, water scarcity is also a major threat to food production and its intensity is continuously soaring up across the globe. Organic mulches have potential to reduce weeds growth and conserve the soil moisture thus ensures the better crop growth and yield. Therefore, present study was conducted to compare the performance of different organic mulches in improving wheat growth and productivity. The study was comprised of different organic mulches; M1= No mulch (control) M2= maize straw mulch, M3= wheat straw mulch, M4= sorghum straw mulch and M5= rice straw mulch and three nitrogen levels N1 = 90 kg, N2 = 120 kg and N3= 150 kg/ha. The results indicated that both organic mulches and N rates had significant impact on growth, and yield traits. The maximum leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), productive tillers (307 m-2), grains/spike (46.22), 1000 grain weight (42.33 g) biological ...
The energy consumption and demands are increasing rapidly around the globe, owing to ever bloomin... more The energy consumption and demands are increasing rapidly around the globe, owing to ever blooming population and development of economies (Zhou et al., 2011). Nonetheless, fossil fuel reserves are continuously diminishing therefore, this has increased the research some alternative energy sources and development different other energy production, processes. Methane production through an-aerobic digestion is one of prime energy source that can be used for generation of heat and power. Different kind of biomass are used globally for the sustainable methane production including, solid waste of municipals, (Hartmann and Ahring, 2006), agriculture waste (Sakar et al., 2009), carcasses of animals (Masse et al., 2008) and variable bio-energy crops (Amon et al., 2007). Amid bio-energy crops sorghum is being used around the globe for energy production (Han et al., 2012; Yu et al., 2012). Sorghum crop has short life cycle, great resistance against a-biotic stress (Habyarimana et al., 2009), a...
This research tries to fill the gap in the body of knowledge with regard to job search behavior a... more This research tries to fill the gap in the body of knowledge with regard to job search behavior and preferences with relative to recruitment methods mostly used by the organizations for the young blood ready to be a part of practical world in Lahore. A random sample of 200 students from different public and private educational institutes was selected and their responses were obtained using survey methodology and it is established by applying simple descriptive analysis that students consider elements of job security, training and development and good initial salary more important than other job characteristics. Moreover, international opportunities and company familiarity also play a role to shape the job search behavior of the students. Students expect to use both traditional and contemporary methods of job search with a high preference given to the traditional methods of references and newspapers in physical form although organizational websites were also key preference among stud...
A field study was conducted to assess effective method to get Moringa leaf extract, through its r... more A field study was conducted to assess effective method to get Moringa leaf extract, through its response on growth and yield traits of wheat. Extracts of whole or chopped and dry or fresh Moringa leaves were used exogenously i.e. pre-sowing seed soaking as well as water diluted solution based foliar spray application at tillering and booting stages. Significantly higher growth response in term of leaf area index, leaf area duration, and crop growth rate was observed when combination of 30 times diluted moringa leaf extract (MLE) was applied at both crop stages. Yield contributing traits of wheat such as fertile tillers, spikelet's spikelet's per spike, grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, biological and grain yields were recorded in significantly higher due to 30 times diluted fresh MLE followed by 20 times dilution of Moringa dried leaf powder (DLP). While, control treatment and hydro-priming showed at comparable results in the form of significantly lesser fertile tillers, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain or biological yields. Conclusively, 30 times diluted MLE proved the best among the treatments combinations for improved wheat growth and yield however, the biochemical features responsible for such promotive response are yet to be investigated prior to dissemination of this technology to the farmer field.
Zinc (Zn) deficiency caused by inadequate dietary intake is a global nutritional problem, particu... more Zinc (Zn) deficiency caused by inadequate dietary intake is a global nutritional problem, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, zinc biofortification of wheat and other cereal crops is being urgently addressed and highly prioritized as a research topic. A field study was planned to evaluate the influence of zinc application on grain yield, grain zinc content, and grain phytic acid concentrations of wheat cultivars, and the relationships between these parameters. Three wheat cultivars, C 1 = Faisalabad-2008, C 2 = Punjab-2011, and C 3 = Millet-2011 were tested with five different methods of zinc application: T 1 = control, T 2 = seed priming, T 3 = soil application, T 4 = foliar application, and T 5 = soil + foliar application. It was found that grain yield and grain zinc were positively correlated, whereas, grain phytic acid and grain zinc were significantly negatively correlated. Results also revealed that T 5 , T 3 , and T 4 considerably increased grain yield; however, T 2 only slightly enhanced grain yield. Grain zinc concentration increased from 33.1 and 33.7 mg kg −1 in T 1 to 62.3 and 63.1 mg kg −1 in T 5 in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, respectively. In particular, T 5 markedly decreased grain phytic acid content; however, maximum concentration was recorded in T 1. Moreover, all the tested cultivars exhibited considerable variation in grain yield, grain zinc, and grain phytic acid content. In conclusion, T 5 was found to be most suitable for both optimum grain yield and grain biofortification of wheat.
Despite the growing debate on the stock price valuation, it has become a complex puzzle. Various ... more Despite the growing debate on the stock price valuation, it has become a complex puzzle. Various theories, models and explanations have been provided to solve this confusing riddle. This study contributes to this debate by determining the relative importance of stock dividends and retained earnings regarding stock price valuation in Karachi Stock Exchange. Data for the analysis of this study were collected from the 66 nonfinancial companies that were included in KSE-100 index for a period from 2007 to 2010. This study found the evidence that dividends are more important variable than the retained earning regarding the explanatory power of stock prices in Karachi Stock Exchange. Practical implications are also provided in the study.
Despite the growing debate on the stock price valuation, it has become a complex puzzle. Various ... more Despite the growing debate on the stock price valuation, it has become a complex puzzle. Various theories, models and explanations have been provided to solve this confusing riddle. This study contributes to this debate by determining the relative importance of stock dividends and retained earnings regarding stock price valuation in Karachi Stock Exchange. Data for the analysis of this study were collected from the 66 nonfinancial companies that were included in KSE-100 index for a period from 2007 to 2010. This study found the evidence that dividends are more important variable than the retained earning regarding the explanatory power of stock prices in Karachi Stock Exchange. Practical implications are also provided in the study.
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