Flavonoids from medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of pre... more Flavonoids from medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of prevalent diseases. Flavones activate the signaling pathways promoting fuel metabolism and insulin sensitizing in hepatocytes and adipocytes, which suggests that flavones may have the potential to exert in vivo antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects. Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects of tilianin in diabetic rats. Also, to understand the mechanism involved using in vitro 3T3-L1 cells and tissues from experimental animals treated with test samples through molecular profile studies. Non insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus (NIDDM) rats were treated over a short period (for 10 days) with 60mg/Kg/day of tilianin. After treatment, a biochemical blood profile was determined. Also, adipose and thoracic aortic tissues were used to determine pro-inflammatory profile, adiponectin and adhesion molecules by real-time PCR. In 3T3-L1 cells pretreated with tilianin (10μM), PPARα, PPARγ, GLUT4, FATP-1 and ACSL-1 mRNA expression were measured. In order to explain the potential PPARα interaction with tilianin, a docking study with PPARα was carried out. Thus, intragastric administration of tilianin and metformin induced a decrease in plasma glucose (GLU) in diabetic rats on day 6, and remained significantly lower until the end of the treatment; also blood triacylglycerides (TAG) and cholesterol (CHOL) (p<0.05) were diminished. Moreover, IL-1β and IL-18 expression was significantly decreased in adipose tissue (p<0.05); meanwhile adiponectin was significantly overexpressed (p<0.05). Besides, ICAM-1 expression was significantly reduced in aortic tissue (p<0.05). In 3T3-L1 cells it was found that tilianin increased PPARα and ACSL1 mRNA levels (p<0.05). Finally, tilianin docking studies with PPARα showed polar interactions with Glu269, Tyr314, His 440 and Tyr464 residues. In conclusion, short-term tilianin treatment might exert its antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effect by modulating a pro-inflammatory profile, and increasing adiponectin expression. In addition, our results suggest the possible interaction of tilianin with PPARα.
... Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico: Salvador Ramírez-Jimenez, Leonor Jacobo, Ma... more ... Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico: Salvador Ramírez-Jimenez, Leonor Jacobo, Margarita ... Mexico City, Mexico: Ivette Cruz-Bautista, Daniela Riaño, Cristina García-Ulloa, Lorena ... Juárez de México, Mexico City, Mexico: Guadalupe Ortíz-López, María de los ...
Research Journal of the Costa Rican Distance Education University, May 20, 2013
Spatial and temporal presence of Aramus guarauna (Gruiformes: Aramidae) and Rostrhamus sociabilis... more Spatial and temporal presence of Aramus guarauna (Gruiformes: Aramidae) and Rostrhamus sociabilis (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae) in the Marismas Nacionales Biosphere Reserve, Nayarit, Mexico. Monthly visits were conducted at 12 sites located at Marismas Nacionales (November 2010 to June 2011). In five of them we regularly observed the Limpkin (Aramus guarauna) and in three, the Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis). The Apple Snail (Pomacea spp.) is abundant in the brackish wetlands and is the most important prey of both species. In 31 observations we recorded 493 limpkins, mainly in Las Cañadas and La Batanga (together: 64% of the records). In March and April we observed flocks of up 80 individuals, in probable relation with the dry season. We obtained 109 records of the kites, always lonely and concentrated in Zoquipan and Mexcaltitan (96%). The presence of the snail in Marismas Nacionales allows both species to expand their range along the Mexican Pacific, at least to the north of Sinaloa, were the lack of fresh water will hinder the establishment of snail populations.
Resumo: La gangrena de Fournier es una infección poco frecuente de las regiones genitales, perine... more Resumo: La gangrena de Fournier es una infección poco frecuente de las regiones genitales, perineal y perianal. Presentamos cinco casos de gangrena de Fournier, estudiados en siete años, cuatro hombres y una mujer con un promedio de edad de 60 ...
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of metabolic disorders associated with an increased ri... more Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of metabolic disorders associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies in women reported associations between polymorphisms in ESR1, LPL and CETP genes and MetS. Our aim was to evaluate the association between variants in ESR1, LPL and CETP genes with MetS and its components. Four hundred and eighty women were analyzed, anthropometric features OPEN ACCESS and biochemical profiles were evaluated, and genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. We found an association with elevated glucose levels (odds ratio (OR) = 2.9; p = 0.013) in carrying the AA genotype of rs1884051 in the ESR1 gene compared with the GG genotype, and the CC genotype of rs328 in the LPL gene was associated with MetS compared to the CG or GG genotype (OR = 2.8; p = 0.04). Moreover, the GA genotype of rs708272 in the CETP gene is associated with MetS compared to the GG or AA genotype (OR = 1.8; p = 0.006). In addition the ACTCCG haplotype in the ESR1 gene is associated with a decrease in the risk of MetS (OR = 0.02; p < 0.001). In conclusion, our results show the involvement of the variants of ESR1, LPL and CETP genes in metabolic events related to MetS or some of its features.
Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology, 1997
... size in the range of 0.35 - 1 mm and minimum influent concentration, (b) Zeolite of particle ... more ... size in the range of 0.35 - 1 mm and minimum influent concentration, (b) Zeolite of particle size in the range of 0.35 - 1 mm and maximum influent concentration; (c) Zeolite of particle size in the range of 1 - 3 mm and medium influent concentration, (d) Sand of particle size ... MES. ...
The addition of Mg 2+ modified zeolite at 0.1 g g −1 of volatile suspended solids (VSS) increased... more The addition of Mg 2+ modified zeolite at 0.1 g g −1 of volatile suspended solids (VSS) increased the potential specific methanogenic activity (PSMA) and the apparent kinetic constant, k 0 , showing PSMA and k 0 values 15 and 2 times higher than those observed for control reactors during the methanogenesis of acetate and methanol, respectively. In addition, the population of hydrolytic, acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria increased 100, 10 and 100 times compared to that observed in the controls. The anaerobic degradation of methanol and acetate occurred in one and two stages, respectively.
Introduction: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) 4 isoform has been associated with elevated levels of chole... more Introduction: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) 4 isoform has been associated with elevated levels of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TGs), meanwhile several polymorphisms in the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene have been associated with increased levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C. Material and Methods: We studied 400 women from Southwest Mexico. Anthropometric features and biochemical profile were evaluated, and genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms rs429358 and rs7412 in the APOE gene and rs688 in the LDLR gene was determined by TaqMan assays. Results: We found significant association between LDL-C (odds ratio [OR] ¼ 3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9-5.7) and marginal association with TG (OR ¼ 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0-2.9) of atherogenic risk in women carriers of the ApoE4 isoform compared to ApoE3. The TT genotype of rs688 in the LDLR gene was not found to be associated with elevated levels of total cholesterol or LDL-C. Conclusion: Our results show that carrier women of the ApoE4 isoform are more likely to have elevated levels of LDL-C and therefore increased risk of developing atherosclerosis.
Childhood obesity is a major public health problem in Mexico, affecting one in every three childr... more Childhood obesity is a major public health problem in Mexico, affecting one in every three children. Genome-wide association studies identified genetic variants associated with childhood obesity, but a large missing heritability remains to be elucidated. We have recently shown a strong association between a highly polymorphic copy number variant encompassing the salivary amylase gene (AMY1 also known as AMY1A) and obesity in European and Asian adults. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the association between AMY1 copy number and obesity in Mexican children. We evaluated the number of AMY1 copies in 597 Mexican children (293 obese children and 304 normal weight controls) through highly sensitive digital PCR. The effect of AMY1 copy number on obesity status was assessed using a logistic regression model adjusted for age and sex. We identified a marked effect of AMY1 copy number on reduced risk of obesity (OR per estimated copy 0.84, with the number of copies ranging from one to 16 in this population; p = 4.25 × 10(-6)). The global association between AMY1 copy number and reduced risk of obesity seemed to be mostly driven by the contribution of the highest AMY1 copy number. Strikingly, all children with &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;10 AMY1 copies were normal weight controls. Salivary amylase initiates the digestion of dietary starch, which is highly consumed in Mexico. Our current study suggests putative benefits of high number of AMY1 copies (and related production of salivary amylase) on energy metabolism in Mexican children.
Objective. We evaluated the association between four polymorphisms in the CRP gene with circulati... more Objective. We evaluated the association between four polymorphisms in the CRP gene with circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and risk score of coronary heart disease. Methods. We studied 402 individuals and classified them into four groups: healthy, obese, T2D obese, and T2D without obesity, from Guerrero, Southwestern Mexico. Blood levels of CRP, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and leukocytes were measured. Genotyping was performed by PCR/RFLP, and the risk score for coronary heart disease was determined by the Framingham's methodology. Results. The TT genotype of SNP rs1130864 was associated with increased body mass index and T2D patients with obesity. We found that the haplotype 2 (TGAG) was associated with increased levels of CRP (β = 0.3; 95%CI: 0.1, 0.5; P = 0.005) and haplotype 7 (TGGG) with higher body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.2; 95%CI: 0.1, 0.3; P < 0.001). The risk score for coronary heart disease was associated with increased levels of CRP, but not with any polymorphism or haplotype. Conclusions. The association between the TT genotype of SNP rs1130864 with obesity and the haplotype 7 with BMI may explain how obesity and genetic predisposition increase the risk of diseases such as T2D in the population of Southwestern Mexico.
The SNP rs662 in the paraoxonase 1 gene (PON1 Q192R) has been associated with obesity, dyslipidem... more The SNP rs662 in the paraoxonase 1 gene (PON1 Q192R) has been associated with obesity, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk. In this study, DNA samples of 117 children aged 6 to 12 years from San Luis Potosí, México were genotyped for Q192R polymorphism of the PON1 gene. Genotypic frequencies were determined by allelic discrimination assay by real-time PCR using TaqMan fluorogenic probes. Anthropometry, lipid profile, glucose and insulin were analyzed by genotype. The distribution of allele frequency in the population was Q = 65 and R = 35 following the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (χ(2) = 3.15, p = 0.076). The Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index showed statistically significant differences among QQ/QR/RR genotypes (p = 0.032). The odds ratio for the carriers of the RR genotype was associated with HOMA-IR corresponding to the 95(th) percentile or higher for Mexican children based on sex and age (OR = 4.68; 95% confidence intervals, 1.23-17.8; p = 0.016). When the absolute mean of HOMAR-IR was set as the cutoff, an increased odds was observed (OR = 6.52; 95% confidence intervals, 1.68-25.3; p = 0.008). According to our results, PON1 Q192R polymorphism is a risk marker for insulin resistance, a pathological factor involved in the development of metabolic syndrome.
Flavonoids from medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of pre... more Flavonoids from medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of prevalent diseases. Flavones activate the signaling pathways promoting fuel metabolism and insulin sensitizing in hepatocytes and adipocytes, which suggests that flavones may have the potential to exert in vivo antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects. Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects of tilianin in diabetic rats. Also, to understand the mechanism involved using in vitro 3T3-L1 cells and tissues from experimental animals treated with test samples through molecular profile studies. Non insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus (NIDDM) rats were treated over a short period (for 10 days) with 60mg/Kg/day of tilianin. After treatment, a biochemical blood profile was determined. Also, adipose and thoracic aortic tissues were used to determine pro-inflammatory profile, adiponectin and adhesion molecules by real-time PCR. In 3T3-L1 cells pretreated with tilianin (10μM), PPARα, PPARγ, GLUT4, FATP-1 and ACSL-1 mRNA expression were measured. In order to explain the potential PPARα interaction with tilianin, a docking study with PPARα was carried out. Thus, intragastric administration of tilianin and metformin induced a decrease in plasma glucose (GLU) in diabetic rats on day 6, and remained significantly lower until the end of the treatment; also blood triacylglycerides (TAG) and cholesterol (CHOL) (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) were diminished. Moreover, IL-1β and IL-18 expression was significantly decreased in adipose tissue (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05); meanwhile adiponectin was significantly overexpressed (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). Besides, ICAM-1 expression was significantly reduced in aortic tissue (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). In 3T3-L1 cells it was found that tilianin increased PPARα and ACSL1 mRNA levels (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). Finally, tilianin docking studies with PPARα showed polar interactions with Glu269, Tyr314, His 440 and Tyr464 residues. In conclusion, short-term tilianin treatment might exert its antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effect by modulating a pro-inflammatory profile, and increasing adiponectin expression. In addition, our results suggest the possible interaction of tilianin with PPARα.
... Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico: Salvador Ramírez-Jimenez, Leonor Jacobo, Ma... more ... Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico: Salvador Ramírez-Jimenez, Leonor Jacobo, Margarita ... Mexico City, Mexico: Ivette Cruz-Bautista, Daniela Riaño, Cristina García-Ulloa, Lorena ... Juárez de México, Mexico City, Mexico: Guadalupe Ortíz-López, María de los ...
Research Journal of the Costa Rican Distance Education University, May 20, 2013
Spatial and temporal presence of Aramus guarauna (Gruiformes: Aramidae) and Rostrhamus sociabilis... more Spatial and temporal presence of Aramus guarauna (Gruiformes: Aramidae) and Rostrhamus sociabilis (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae) in the Marismas Nacionales Biosphere Reserve, Nayarit, Mexico. Monthly visits were conducted at 12 sites located at Marismas Nacionales (November 2010 to June 2011). In five of them we regularly observed the Limpkin (Aramus guarauna) and in three, the Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis). The Apple Snail (Pomacea spp.) is abundant in the brackish wetlands and is the most important prey of both species. In 31 observations we recorded 493 limpkins, mainly in Las Cañadas and La Batanga (together: 64% of the records). In March and April we observed flocks of up 80 individuals, in probable relation with the dry season. We obtained 109 records of the kites, always lonely and concentrated in Zoquipan and Mexcaltitan (96%). The presence of the snail in Marismas Nacionales allows both species to expand their range along the Mexican Pacific, at least to the north of Sinaloa, were the lack of fresh water will hinder the establishment of snail populations.
Resumo: La gangrena de Fournier es una infección poco frecuente de las regiones genitales, perine... more Resumo: La gangrena de Fournier es una infección poco frecuente de las regiones genitales, perineal y perianal. Presentamos cinco casos de gangrena de Fournier, estudiados en siete años, cuatro hombres y una mujer con un promedio de edad de 60 ...
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of metabolic disorders associated with an increased ri... more Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of metabolic disorders associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies in women reported associations between polymorphisms in ESR1, LPL and CETP genes and MetS. Our aim was to evaluate the association between variants in ESR1, LPL and CETP genes with MetS and its components. Four hundred and eighty women were analyzed, anthropometric features OPEN ACCESS and biochemical profiles were evaluated, and genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. We found an association with elevated glucose levels (odds ratio (OR) = 2.9; p = 0.013) in carrying the AA genotype of rs1884051 in the ESR1 gene compared with the GG genotype, and the CC genotype of rs328 in the LPL gene was associated with MetS compared to the CG or GG genotype (OR = 2.8; p = 0.04). Moreover, the GA genotype of rs708272 in the CETP gene is associated with MetS compared to the GG or AA genotype (OR = 1.8; p = 0.006). In addition the ACTCCG haplotype in the ESR1 gene is associated with a decrease in the risk of MetS (OR = 0.02; p < 0.001). In conclusion, our results show the involvement of the variants of ESR1, LPL and CETP genes in metabolic events related to MetS or some of its features.
Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology, 1997
... size in the range of 0.35 - 1 mm and minimum influent concentration, (b) Zeolite of particle ... more ... size in the range of 0.35 - 1 mm and minimum influent concentration, (b) Zeolite of particle size in the range of 0.35 - 1 mm and maximum influent concentration; (c) Zeolite of particle size in the range of 1 - 3 mm and medium influent concentration, (d) Sand of particle size ... MES. ...
The addition of Mg 2+ modified zeolite at 0.1 g g −1 of volatile suspended solids (VSS) increased... more The addition of Mg 2+ modified zeolite at 0.1 g g −1 of volatile suspended solids (VSS) increased the potential specific methanogenic activity (PSMA) and the apparent kinetic constant, k 0 , showing PSMA and k 0 values 15 and 2 times higher than those observed for control reactors during the methanogenesis of acetate and methanol, respectively. In addition, the population of hydrolytic, acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria increased 100, 10 and 100 times compared to that observed in the controls. The anaerobic degradation of methanol and acetate occurred in one and two stages, respectively.
Introduction: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) 4 isoform has been associated with elevated levels of chole... more Introduction: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) 4 isoform has been associated with elevated levels of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TGs), meanwhile several polymorphisms in the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene have been associated with increased levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C. Material and Methods: We studied 400 women from Southwest Mexico. Anthropometric features and biochemical profile were evaluated, and genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms rs429358 and rs7412 in the APOE gene and rs688 in the LDLR gene was determined by TaqMan assays. Results: We found significant association between LDL-C (odds ratio [OR] ¼ 3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9-5.7) and marginal association with TG (OR ¼ 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0-2.9) of atherogenic risk in women carriers of the ApoE4 isoform compared to ApoE3. The TT genotype of rs688 in the LDLR gene was not found to be associated with elevated levels of total cholesterol or LDL-C. Conclusion: Our results show that carrier women of the ApoE4 isoform are more likely to have elevated levels of LDL-C and therefore increased risk of developing atherosclerosis.
Childhood obesity is a major public health problem in Mexico, affecting one in every three childr... more Childhood obesity is a major public health problem in Mexico, affecting one in every three children. Genome-wide association studies identified genetic variants associated with childhood obesity, but a large missing heritability remains to be elucidated. We have recently shown a strong association between a highly polymorphic copy number variant encompassing the salivary amylase gene (AMY1 also known as AMY1A) and obesity in European and Asian adults. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the association between AMY1 copy number and obesity in Mexican children. We evaluated the number of AMY1 copies in 597 Mexican children (293 obese children and 304 normal weight controls) through highly sensitive digital PCR. The effect of AMY1 copy number on obesity status was assessed using a logistic regression model adjusted for age and sex. We identified a marked effect of AMY1 copy number on reduced risk of obesity (OR per estimated copy 0.84, with the number of copies ranging from one to 16 in this population; p = 4.25 × 10(-6)). The global association between AMY1 copy number and reduced risk of obesity seemed to be mostly driven by the contribution of the highest AMY1 copy number. Strikingly, all children with &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;10 AMY1 copies were normal weight controls. Salivary amylase initiates the digestion of dietary starch, which is highly consumed in Mexico. Our current study suggests putative benefits of high number of AMY1 copies (and related production of salivary amylase) on energy metabolism in Mexican children.
Objective. We evaluated the association between four polymorphisms in the CRP gene with circulati... more Objective. We evaluated the association between four polymorphisms in the CRP gene with circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and risk score of coronary heart disease. Methods. We studied 402 individuals and classified them into four groups: healthy, obese, T2D obese, and T2D without obesity, from Guerrero, Southwestern Mexico. Blood levels of CRP, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and leukocytes were measured. Genotyping was performed by PCR/RFLP, and the risk score for coronary heart disease was determined by the Framingham's methodology. Results. The TT genotype of SNP rs1130864 was associated with increased body mass index and T2D patients with obesity. We found that the haplotype 2 (TGAG) was associated with increased levels of CRP (β = 0.3; 95%CI: 0.1, 0.5; P = 0.005) and haplotype 7 (TGGG) with higher body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.2; 95%CI: 0.1, 0.3; P < 0.001). The risk score for coronary heart disease was associated with increased levels of CRP, but not with any polymorphism or haplotype. Conclusions. The association between the TT genotype of SNP rs1130864 with obesity and the haplotype 7 with BMI may explain how obesity and genetic predisposition increase the risk of diseases such as T2D in the population of Southwestern Mexico.
The SNP rs662 in the paraoxonase 1 gene (PON1 Q192R) has been associated with obesity, dyslipidem... more The SNP rs662 in the paraoxonase 1 gene (PON1 Q192R) has been associated with obesity, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk. In this study, DNA samples of 117 children aged 6 to 12 years from San Luis Potosí, México were genotyped for Q192R polymorphism of the PON1 gene. Genotypic frequencies were determined by allelic discrimination assay by real-time PCR using TaqMan fluorogenic probes. Anthropometry, lipid profile, glucose and insulin were analyzed by genotype. The distribution of allele frequency in the population was Q = 65 and R = 35 following the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (χ(2) = 3.15, p = 0.076). The Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index showed statistically significant differences among QQ/QR/RR genotypes (p = 0.032). The odds ratio for the carriers of the RR genotype was associated with HOMA-IR corresponding to the 95(th) percentile or higher for Mexican children based on sex and age (OR = 4.68; 95% confidence intervals, 1.23-17.8; p = 0.016). When the absolute mean of HOMAR-IR was set as the cutoff, an increased odds was observed (OR = 6.52; 95% confidence intervals, 1.68-25.3; p = 0.008). According to our results, PON1 Q192R polymorphism is a risk marker for insulin resistance, a pathological factor involved in the development of metabolic syndrome.
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Papers by Miguel Cruz