Papers by Michael Kintner-Meyer
Intelligent Buildings
The topic of "intelligent buildings" (IBs) emerged in the early 1980s. Since, the term ... more The topic of "intelligent buildings" (IBs) emerged in the early 1980s. Since, the term has been used to represent a variety of related, yet differing topics, each with a slightly different focus and purpose. Wiring and networking-infrastructure companies emphasize the cabling requirements for communication in intelligent buildings and the need to accommodate future needs for higher-speed broadband. Lucent (Lucent 2000)
This paper presents a general discussion on cost savings opportunities for building energy manage... more This paper presents a general discussion on cost savings opportunities for building energy management and control systems (EMCS) when utilizing existing business data network infrastructures that are prevalent in almost all U.S. office buildings. Potential issues regarding network reliability, bandwidth, and security when sharing networks are presented. This paper discusses cost savings potentials when deploying wireless communication technologies for a specific application in which the 'last' meters of the controls network are bridged using low cost radio frequency devices. A cost comparison is presented in which hardware and wiring costs for a conventional EMCS design are contrasted to that of a low cost control system concept using existing business data networks and wireless communications. The cost comparison is based on a hypothetical 48,000-ft 2 (4,460-m 2 ) office building. This paper closes with reflection on plug and play concepts for building control systems and their benefits. 1 PC-104 is a bus and card format. There are dozens of companies that produce these 3.5" x 3.5" computers based on Intel 386, 486, and Pentium chips. Generally they cost from $200 to $500 depending on features but always have all the necessities for running simple control functions on a single board.
Market Penetration of Competing New Technology: A Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) Approach to Modeling the Emergence of the Electronic Ballast
Technology is the major driving force of productivity gains and economic growth. Historical studi... more Technology is the major driving force of productivity gains and economic growth. Historical studies throughout the last decade attributed about half of economic growth to technological change and the other half to the combined effect of all other driving forces, such as the larger and better-qualified labor force and accumulated stock of capital. V. Peterka (1977) was one of the
Dividends with Demand Response
Ashrae Journal
ABSTRACT
An energy storage assessment: Using optimal control strategies to capture multiple services
2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 2015
The Role of Energy Storage in Commercial Building
Motivation and Background of Study This project was motivated by the need to understand the full ... more Motivation and Background of Study This project was motivated by the need to understand the full value of energy storage (thermal and electric energy storage) in commercial buildings, the opportunity of benefits for building operations and the potential interactions between a building and a smart grid infrastructure. On-site or local energy storage systems are not new to the commercial building
Economic Assessment And Impacts Assessment Of Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles On Electric Utilities And Regional U.S. Power Grids
Part 2 provides an economic assessment of the impacts of PHEV adoption on vehicle owners and on e... more Part 2 provides an economic assessment of the impacts of PHEV adoption on vehicle owners and on electric utilities. The paper finds favorable impacts on LCC to vehicle owners, and average costs of power for both types of utilities.
Battery charging control methods, electric vehicle charging methods, battery charging apparatuses and rechargeable battery systems
Battery charging control methods, electric vehicle charging methods, battery charging apparatuses... more Battery charging control methods, electric vehicle charging methods, battery charging apparatuses and rechargeable battery systems. According to one aspect, a battery charging control method includes accessing information regarding a presence of at least one of a surplus and a deficiency of electrical energy upon an electrical power distribution system at a plurality of different moments in time, and using the
2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2011
The integration of variable renewable generation sources continues to be a significant area of fo... more The integration of variable renewable generation sources continues to be a significant area of focus for power system planning. Renewable portfolio standards and initiatives to reduce the dependency on foreign energy sources drive much of the deployment. Unfortunately, renewable energy generation sources like wind and solar tend to be highly variable in nature. To counter the energy imbalance caused by this variability, wind generation often requires additional balancing resources to compensate for the variability in the electricity production. With the expected electrification of transportation, electric vehicles may offer a new load resource for meeting all, or part, of the imbalance created by the renewable generation.
Impact of Enabling Technologies on Customer Load Curtailment Performance Summer 2001 Results from NYSERDA's PON 585 and 577 Programs and NYISO's Emergency Demand Response Program
Executive Summary This report describes a market and load research study on a small group of part... more Executive Summary This report describes a market and load research study on a small group of participants in the NYISO Emergency Demand Response Program (EDRP) and the NYSERDA Peak Load Reduction and Enabling Technology Programs. In-depth interviews ...
Utilizing Electric Vehicles to Assist Integration of Large Penetrations of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation Capacity
Many states are deploying renewable generation sources at a significant rate to meet renewable po... more Many states are deploying renewable generation sources at a significant rate to meet renewable portfolio standards. As part of this drive to meet renewable generation levels, significant additions of wind generation are planned. Due to the highly variable nature of wind generation, significant energy imbalances on the power system can be created and need to be handled. This report examines the impact on the Northwest Power Pool (NWPP) region for a 2019 expected wind scenario. One method for mitigating these imbalances is to utilize plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) or battery electric vehicles (BEVs) as assets to the grid. PHEVs and BEVs have the potential to meet this demand through both charging and discharging strategies. This report explores the usage of two different charging schemes: V2GHalf and V2GFull. In V2GHalf, PHEV/BEV charging is varied to absorb the additional imbalance from the wind generation, but never feeds power back into the grid. This scenario is highly d...
Two projects under way for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Building Technology, State and... more Two projects under way for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Building Technology, State and Community Programs, aim to adapt, test and demonstrate wireless sensors and data acquisition for heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) in commercial buildings. One project focuses on built-up systems in medium to large buildings; the second on applications for rooftop units in small- to medium-size facilities. In this paper, the authors present the technical characteristics and costs of off-the-shelf wireless sensor and data-acquisition systems and describe how they can be adapted to commercial buildings. The first part of the paper discusses the appropriateness of the different wireless protocols and then uses a "low-cost" and "high-cost" scenario later in the paper for comparison to wired systems. The paper provides a brief overview of wireless communication standards and discusses their appropriateness to HVAC control applications. The authors describe...
This initial paper estimates the regional percentages of the energy requirements for the U.S. lig... more This initial paper estimates the regional percentages of the energy requirements for the U.S. light duty vehicle stock that could be supported by the existing grid, based on 12 NERC regions. This paper also discusses the impact of overall emissions of criteria gases and greenhouse gases as a result of shifting emission from millions of tailpipes to a relatively few power plants. The paper concludes with an outlook of the technology requirements necessary to manage the additional and potentially sizable new load to maintain grid reliability.
Electrical appliance energy consumption control methods and electrical energy consumption systems
Electrical appliance energy consumption control methods and electrical energy consumption systems... more Electrical appliance energy consumption control methods and electrical energy consumption systems are described. In one aspect, an electrical appliance energy consumption control method includes providing an electrical appliance coupled with a power distribution system, receiving electrical energy within the appliance from the power distribution system, consuming the received electrical energy using a plurality of loads of the appliance, monitoring electrical energy of the power distribution system, and adjusting an amount of consumption of the received electrical energy via one of the loads of the appliance from an initial level of consumption to an other level of consumption different than the initial level of consumption responsive to the monitoring.
Price-responsive load (PRL) programs vary significantly in overall design, the complexity of rela... more Price-responsive load (PRL) programs vary significantly in overall design, the complexity of relationships between program administrators, load aggregators, and customers, and the availability of ''enabling technologies''. Enabling technologies include such features as web-based power system and price monitoring, control and dispatch of curtailable loads, communications and information systems links to program participants, availability of interval metering data to customers in near real time, and building/facility/end-use automation and management capabilities. Two state agencies - NYSERDA in New York and the CEC in California - have been conspicuous leaders in the demonstration of demand response (DR) programs utilizing enabling technologies. In partnership with key stakeholders in these two states (e.g., grid operator, state energy agencies, and program administrators), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) s...
Electrification of the transportation sector offers the opportunity to significantly reduce petro... more Electrification of the transportation sector offers the opportunity to significantly reduce petroleum consumption. The transportation sector accounts for 70% of US petroleum consumption. The transition to electricity as a transportation fuel will create a new load for electricity generation. In support of a recent US Department of Energy funded activity that analyzed a future generation scenario with high renewable energy technology contributions, a set of regional hourly load profiles for electrified vehicles were developed for the 2010 to 2050 timeframe. These load profiles with their underlying assumptions will be presented in this paper. The transportation electrical energy was determined using regional population forecast data, historical vehicle per capita data, and market penetration growth functions to determine the number of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in each analysis region. Two market saturation scenarios of 30% of sales and 50% of sales of PEVs consuming on average...
The rapid maturity of everyday wireless technologies -now widely used for mobile phones, wireless... more The rapid maturity of everyday wireless technologies -now widely used for mobile phones, wireless internet access, and even the replacement of barcodes -has had a tremendous impact on our ability to collect information from the physical world. There are tremendous opportunities in using wireless technologies for communicating with sensors and controls for building operation, but the market adoption rate of wireless systems in building automation is limited by two factors. First, the cost of the wireless sensing technology is still high because of the small production numbers. Second, the issues surrounding adoption of wireless technologies for building controls are not well understood. The key promise of wireless technology in building operation is to reduce the cost of installing data acquisition and control systems. Installation costs typically represent 20% to 80% of the cost of a sensor and control point in a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system -reducing or eliminating the cost of installation has a dramatic effect on the overall installed system cost. With low-cost wireless sensor and control systems, not only will the cost of system installation be significantly reduced, but it will become economical to use more sensors, thereby establishing highly energy efficient building operations and demand responsiveness that will enhance our electric grid reliability. This report characterizes commercially available wireless technologies that are already being used in building applications or that are suitable for use in commercial buildings. The discussion provides an overview of fundamental concepts of radial broadcasting systems, as well as mesh networks, and will highlight the opportunities and challenges in their integration into existing wired control networks. This report describes two demonstration projects of wireless sensors and their integration into existing control networks and discusses their cost per sensor, their ease of installation, and their reliability. It also describes the load control strategies implemented as a consequence of having the additional data provided by the wireless sensors and provides estimates of the resulting energy and cost savings. The report concludes with presentation of some general future prospects for wireless technologies in buildings applications.
This report describes the design and development of a wireless current transducer and electric po... more This report describes the design and development of a wireless current transducer and electric power sensor prototype. The prototype was developed for demonstration purposes. The report includes annotated schematics of the power sensor circuitry and the printed circuit board. 1 The application program used to illustrate the functionality of the wireless sensors also is described in this document. The software was written to graphically display and archive the user-selectable measured electric properties, such as electric current, voltage, and real power, in near real-time as they are received from one or more wireless sensors. This prototype demonstrates the concept of wireless end-use power metering. By testing it in the building environment, the limitations that need to be overcome in a practical device for field deployment can be identified. It can also be used to demonstrate the concept to potential users of wireless end-use power meters as an aid in eliciting their input for the design of practical, fielddeployable, wireless devices.
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Papers by Michael Kintner-Meyer