Papers by Michael Grüttner
Journal of Contemporary History
In spring 1933, a political purge began in German universities, affecting around one fifth of the... more In spring 1933, a political purge began in German universities, affecting around one fifth of their academic staff. This study examines the various stages of this process, uses new data to create a collective portrait of those dismissed and asks why they received so little support from their unscathed colleagues. An analysis of the reasons for their dismissal shows that approximately 80% were driven out on antisemitic grounds, even though less than a third belonged to the Jewish community. Their lives after their dismissal varied greatly. Whereas some managed to pursue highly successful careers while in emigration, others were murdered by the Nazis or committed suicide. At the same time the purge policy improved the career chances of younger academics and it is no coincidence that it was from their ranks that the largest number of supporters of the Nazi regime were recruited. Not until the second half of the war did leading German politicians and academic leaders recognise a further...
Historische Zeitschrift, 2020
Universities Under Dictatorship
This radio address by Karl Kaufmann, NSDAP Gauleiter in Hamburg, which was broadcast on March 29,... more This radio address by Karl Kaufmann, NSDAP Gauleiter in Hamburg, which was broadcast on March 29, 1933 by Norddeutscher Rundfunk, was part of a nationwide campaign which culminated in the "boycott against Jews" of April 1, 1933. His address provides insight into the National Socialist image of "the Jews." They are characterized as an internationally operating minority who knew no national loyalties but instead acted in a manner that was "treasonous against the fatherland." In his address Kaufmann justifies the call for a boycott of Jewish businesses by portraying it as a defensive reaction to the "horror propaganda" spread by "international Jewry." In contrast to the general tenor of the campaign, Kaufmann not only attacks the Jews but also devotes a considerable part of his airtime to Social Democrats, whom he characterizes as internationally operating "traitors of the fatherland," just like the Jews. In order to prove his...
Die Rundfunkansprache Karl Kaufmanns, des Hamburger Gauleiters der NSDAP, die am 29.3.1933 über d... more Die Rundfunkansprache Karl Kaufmanns, des Hamburger Gauleiters der NSDAP, die am 29.3.1933 über den Norddeutschen Rundfunk verbreitet wurde, war Teil einer reichsweiten Kampagne, die ihren Höhepunkt mit dem "Judenboykott" vom 1.4.1933 erreichte. Die Rede gibt einen Einblick in das nationalsozialistische Bild von "den Juden". Diese werden als eine international ausgerichtete Minderheit charakterisiert, die keine nationalen Loyalitäten kannte, sondern stattdessen "in vaterlandsverräterischer Weise" agierte. In seiner Ansprache rechtfertigt Kaufmann den Aufruf zum Boykott jüdischer Geschäfte, indem er ihn als defensive Antwort auf die "Greuelpropaganda" des "internationalen Judentums" darstellt. Im Unterschied zum generellen Tenor der Kampagne attackiert Kaufmann aber nicht nur die Juden, sondern widmet einen erheblichen Teil seiner Redezeit der Sozialdemokratie, die er ebenso wie die Juden als international ausgerichtete "Vaterlan...
This is an excerpt from a cabaret program broadcast monthly by various radio stations under the t... more This is an excerpt from a cabaret program broadcast monthly by various radio stations under the title "Rulands-Eck." A trio of singers who called themselves "The Three Rulands" [Die Drei Rulands] were responsible for writing the program. This episode of "Rulands-Eck" which was broadcast by the Reichssender Hamburg on November 23, 1938, only a few days after the November pogrom of 1938, is devoted exclusively to antisemitic propaganda. The trio was accompanied on the piano by Herbert Heinemann, who used a repertoire of popular melodies ("Hab'n Sie nicht den kleinen Cohn geseh'n," "Zehn kleine Negerlein," and "Was kann der Sigismund dafür?"). This is the first part of the broadcast; the entire episode was almost seven minutes long. It makes direct reference to the anti-Jewish measures the National Socialist regime had taken in the aftermath of the November pogrom. These measures and their consequences are played down ...
Universities Under Dictatorship, 2005
After so successfully hosting the regional meeting of the American Mathematical Society (450 part... more After so successfully hosting the regional meeting of the American Mathematical Society (450 participants) last year, we have now been selected to host the 2017 annual meeting of the International Linear Algebra Society (estimate 500 participants in July 2017). Butler designed the logo shown below for the meeting. We hosted the NSF-funded KI-Net workshop in May (photo upper right). Hosting post docs Last Spring we hosted seven postdocs who are at least partially externally funded. 10 author in which he successfully models a novel process wherein rectangular islands on an anistropic surface decay maintaining constant width. The citation is as follows: formulations for onedimensional decay of rectangular homoepitaxial islands during coarsening on anisotropic fcc(110) surfaces, Phys. Rev. B, 88 (2013) 155434. Wang writes, " This behavior is quite distinct from conventional Ostwald ripening processes wherein islands maintain fixed equilibrium shape. Analysis required solving an unc...
Reactionary Nationalists, Fascists and Dictatorships in the Twentieth Century, 2019
The Nazi Party came to power in a coalition with the Conservative Nationalists, who represented t... more The Nazi Party came to power in a coalition with the Conservative Nationalists, who represented the traditional German elites. Gruttner describes the common goals of this alliance that paved Hitler’s way to power. In a second step, the chapter analyses the differences and conflicts between the two sides that became visible during the 1930s. Finally, the author discusses the question, why the Conservative Nationalists could be outmatched quite easily by the Nazis despite their numerical superiority in the cabinet.
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Papers by Michael Grüttner