Differences in rhizosphere microbial community function in response to Gutierreziu sarothrae plan... more Differences in rhizosphere microbial community function in response to Gutierreziu sarothrae plants grown in elevated CO2 (750 ~1 I-') and fertilized with nitrogen were studied using the Biolog microplate analysis of sole C substrate utilization. Compared to ambient CO*. under elevated CO*, polymers were more slowly oxidized by the microbial community, amides showed no change in usage, and all other substrate groups were more rapidly utilized, although there was no significant change in the number of viable bacteria. No microbial community responses to N fertilization were detected. The results indicate that potential functional changes in the soil microbial community in response to elevated CO2 have to be taken into account in future experiments. Differential use of rhizodeposits in elevated CO2 may have important consequences for biogeochemistry and plant growth. Q 1997
The intermediate-resolution coarse-grained protein model PLUM [T. Bereau and M. Deserno, J. Chem.... more The intermediate-resolution coarse-grained protein model PLUM [T. Bereau and M. Deserno, J. Chem. Phys., 2009, 130, 235106] is used to simulate small systems of intrinsically disordered proteins involved in biomineralisation. With minor adjustments to reduce bias toward stable secondary structure, the model generates conformational ensembles conforming to structural predictions from atomistic simulation. Without additional structural information as input, the model distinguishes regions of the chain by predicted degree of disorder, manifestation of structure, and involvement in chain dimerisation. The model is also able to distinguish dimerisation behaviour between one intrinsically disordered peptide and a closely related mutant. We contrast this against the poor ability of PLUM to model the S1 quartz-binding peptide.
... Authors Allen, EB; Allen, MF Editors Grace, JB;Tilman, D Miscellaneous Perspectives on plant ... more ... Authors Allen, EB; Allen, MF Editors Grace, JB;Tilman, D Miscellaneous Perspectives on plant competition. 1990 pp. ... You are viewing sample pages from CABI's life sciences databases on CAB Direct. To learn more about our products please visit our website. ...
The giant viruses are ancient double-stranded DNA viruses that infect a wide range of host organi... more The giant viruses are ancient double-stranded DNA viruses that infect a wide range of host organisms and have genomes larger than 280 kbp. Mimivirus is the largest at an incredible1.2-million base pairs, larger than some of the smallest bacterial genomes. Most of the giant viruses are members of the NCLDV (nuclear cytoplasmic large DNA virus) family and include representatives of the Phycodnaviridae, Mimiviridae, and Poxviridae families, though Herpesviridae, Nimaviridae, Myoviridae and Polydnaviruses are also represented in this elite group. It is likely they are extremely abundant in aquatic environments.
There is a growing interest in the role of the microenvironment in cancer, however, it has been k... more There is a growing interest in the role of the microenvironment in cancer, however, it has been known for over one hundred years that the immune system plays a prominent role in cancer. Recent decades have revealed more and more data on how our own host response to cancer cells can help or hinder progression of the disease. Despite all this work it is surprising how little is known about the role of the immune system in human breast cancer development, as compared to other cancers. Recent successes of PD-1 blockade in treating multiple cancers, and new developments with other immune targets such as CTLA-4 and CSF-1 inhibitors, highlight that it is becoming ever more important that we understand the complexity of the immune and inflammatory systems in the development and progression of breast cancer. With this knowledge it may be possible to not only target therapy but also more accurately predict those patients that truly need it. This review summarises some of the most significant ...
Effects of glucose infusion on feed intake, milk production, and metabolic responses of early pos... more Effects of glucose infusion on feed intake, milk production, and metabolic responses of early postpartum cows fed diets varying in starch and protein concentration were evaluated by utilizing a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows were blocked by body condition score and 305-d mature-equivalent milk yield and randomly assigned at calving to 1 of 4 treatments. Treatments were continuous intrajugular infusion of glucose (GI) or isotonic saline (SI), and diets containing high starch, low crude protein (HSLP) or high crude protein, low starch (HPLS) concentrations. Treatments were initiated at the first scheduled feeding following parturition and lasted 12 d. The GI reduced cumulative dry matter intake and tended to reduce daily dry matter intake and meal size for HPLS but not HSLP compared with SI. The GI increased cumulative milk yield by 39 kg/12 d compared with SI by increasing it for HSLP but not HP...
Abstract Text: Mechanisms controlling feed intake are dependent upon the interaction between diet... more Abstract Text: Mechanisms controlling feed intake are dependent upon the interaction between diet and physiological state of animals. Physiological state is affected by age, pregnancy, lactation, and adiposity and is characterized by differences in insulin sensitivity of tissues and plasma concentrations of insulin, growth hormone, and leptin. The interaction between diet and physiological state affects feeding behavior (e.g. meal size and frequency) depending upon the type and temporal supply of absorbed fuels. These fuels (e.g. glucose, fatty acids, amino acids) derive from the diet directly or indirectly as a result of gastrointestinal fermentation and are metabolized or stored by different tissues at different rates. Other fuels (e.g. long chain fatty acids, glycerol, amino acids) originate from body reserves. Effects of fuels on endocrine response and gene expression affect energy partitioning, which in turn affects feeding behavior by altering clearance of fuels from the blood...
Effects of stearic acid supplementation on feed intake and metabolic and production responses of ... more Effects of stearic acid supplementation on feed intake and metabolic and production responses of dairy cows with a wide range of milk production (32.2 to 64.4 kg/d) were evaluated in a crossover design experiment with a covariate period. Thirty-two multiparous Holstein cows (142 ± 55 d in milk) were assigned randomly within level of milk yield to treatment sequence. Treatments were diets supplemented (2% of diet dry matter) with stearic acid (SA; 98% C18:0) or control (soyhulls). The diets were based on corn silage and alfalfa and contained 24.5% forage neutral detergent fiber, 25.1% starch, and 17.3% crude protein. Treatment periods were 21 d with the final 4 d used for data and sample collection. Compared with the control, SA increased dry matter intake (DMI; 26.1 vs. 25.2 kg/d) and milk yield (40.2 vs. 38.5 kg/d). Stearic acid had no effect on the concentration of milk components but increased yields of fat (1.42 vs. 1.35 kg/d), protein (1.19 vs. 1.14 kg/d), and lactose (1.96 vs....
Abstract Text: Our objective was to evaluate propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (G) as treatments... more Abstract Text: Our objective was to evaluate propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (G) as treatments for ketosis. Two experiments lasting 4 d each were conducted in which cows received one bolus infusion per day. All data were analyzed by ANOVA. Experiment 1 used 6 ruminally-cannulated cows (28 ± 7 DIM) randomly assigned to 300 ml infusions of PG or G (both ≥ 99.5% pure) in a crossover design experiment. Within each period, cows were randomly assigned to sequence in a crossover for site of infusion in the abomasum (A) or reticulorumen (R). Treatments were infused in the cranial reticulorumen (R-PG and R-G) to simulate drenching and abomasum (A-PG and A-G) to prevent metabolism by ruminal microbes. Treatment did not affect DMI or milk yield. Glycerol infused abomasally increased plasma glucose concentration the most (15.2 mg/dL; interaction P < 0.05), followed by R-PG (12.0 mg/dL), A-PG (9.7 mg/dL), and R-G (7.9 mg/dL). Glucose area under the curve (AUC) was also highest for A-G (1,4...
Viruses are a major cause of coccolithophore bloom demise in both temperate and sub-temperate oce... more Viruses are a major cause of coccolithophore bloom demise in both temperate and sub-temperate oceanic regions. Most infection dynamics studies on coccolithoviruses have been done with a single virus strain and the effect of intragenus competition by closely related coccolithoviruses, has been ignored. Here we conducted combined infection experiments, infecting Emiliania huxleyi CCMP 2090 with two coccolithoviruses: EhV-86 and EhV-207 both simultaneously and independently. EhV-207 displayed a shorter lytic cycle and increased production potential than EhV-86, and was remarkably superior under competitive conditions. Although the viruses displayed identical adsorption kinetics in the first 2 hours post infection, EhV-207 gained a numerical advantage as early as 8 hours post infection (hpi). Quantitative PCR revealed that when infecting in combination, EhV-207 was not affected by the presence of EhV-86 whereas EhV-86 was quickly out-competed, and a significant reduction in free and cel...
The effects of macroporosity on the potential for nutrient transport has been extensively studied... more The effects of macroporosity on the potential for nutrient transport has been extensively studied for no-tillage agroecosystems. The present study was undertaken to quantify macroporosity and to demonstrate the potential for nutrient transport in reduced-tillage systems. Soil macropore area and numbers were quantified by image analysis into three size classes (l-8, 8-16 and > 16 mm') at three depths (10, 20 and 30 cm) at two locations (between-row, within-row) in corn agroecosystem enclosures with manipulated earthworm populations (reduction, not manipulated, addition). A dilute solution of latex paint was surface!applied to determine pathways for water infiltration. All macropore sizes contributed to infiltration. Earthworm-treatments had no significant effects on infiltration rates, but rates were significantly faster within crop rows than between rows. In the earthworm-addition plots the area of macropores was significantly greater in the surface soil (10 cm depth) then in the other treatments, indicatin f re-formation of continuous flow pathways destroyed by tillage practices. The majority of the > 16 mm size pores were recognized as Lumbricus terrestris (L.) burrows, which represented the greatest per cent area of all size classes at the 10 cm depth. The area of these large macropores was significantly greater in addition-treatments than in the other plots at all depths and locations except for 30 cm-deep between-row locations. The absence of an earthworm effect at this location is attributed to the existence of pre-existing burrows that were not disrupted by tillage or root activity and is due to earthworms concentrating their activity in the root-zone, in the within-row location. By increasing soil macroporosity and creating transport pathways of preferential flow, earthworms potentially affect the nutrient transport in leachate and nutrient loss from the agroecosystem. 0 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd INTRODUCIION
Effects of grass maturity on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, ruminal fermentation and p... more Effects of grass maturity on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, ruminal fermentation and pool sizes, digestion and passage kinetics, and chewing activity and the relationship of these effects with preliminary DMI (pDMI) were evaluated using 13 ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein cows in a crossover design with a 14-d preliminary period and two 18-d treatment periods. During the preliminary period, pDMI of individual cows ranged from 23.5 to 28.2 kg/d (mean=26.1 kg/d) and 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield ranged from 30.8 to 57.2 kg/d (mean=43.7 kg/d). Experimental treatments were diets containing orchardgrass silage harvested either (1) early-cut, less mature (EC) or (2) late-cut, more mature (LC) as the sole forage. Early- and late-cut orchardgrass contained 44.9 and 54.4% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 20.1 and 15.3% crude protein, respectively. Forage:concentrate ratio was 58:42 and 46:54 for EC and LC, respectively; both diets contained approximately 25% for...
Thirty multiparous lactating dairy cows were used in a randomized block design experiment to eval... more Thirty multiparous lactating dairy cows were used in a randomized block design experiment to evaluate factors related to the degree of hypophagia from intraruminal infusion of propionate. Cows between 3 and 40 d postpartum at the start of the experiment were blocked by calving date and randomly assigned to treatment. Treatments were 1.0 mol/L propionic acid or 1.0 mol/L acetic acid adjusted to pH 6 with sodium hydroxide and infused at 0.5 mol of volatile fatty acid/h from 6h before feeding until 12h after feeding. Propionate infusion decreased dry matter intake by 20.0%, total metabolizable energy intake by 22.5%, and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration by 54.3% compared with acetate infusion. Effects of treatment on dry matter intake were related to concentration of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) in the liver; hypophagic effects of propionate compared with acetate increased as liver acetyl CoA concentration increased. Hypophagic effects of propionate are greater for cows with elevated ...
Effects of legume maturity on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, ruminal fermentation and ... more Effects of legume maturity on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, ruminal fermentation and pool sizes, and digestion and passage kinetics, and the relationship of these effects with preliminary DMI (pDMI) were evaluated using 16 ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein cows in a crossover design with a 14-d preliminary period and two 17-d treatment periods. During the preliminary period, the pDMI of individual cows ranged from 22.9 to 30.0 kg/d (mean=25.9 kg/d) and the 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield ranged from 34.1 to 68.2 kg/d (mean=43.7 kg/d). Experimental treatments were diets containing alfalfa silage harvested either a) early-cut, less mature (EC) or b) late-cut, more mature (LC) as the sole forage. Early- and late-cut alfalfa contained 40.8 and 53.1% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 23.7 and 18.1% crude protein, respectively. Forage:concentrate ratios were 53:47 and 42:58 for EC and LC, respectively; both diets contained approximately 22% forage NDF and 27% total ND...
ABSTRACT Results are reported from an experiment comparing the effects of earthworm manipulations... more ABSTRACT Results are reported from an experiment comparing the effects of earthworm manipulations and agroecosystem fertility treatments on corn (maize, Zea mays) and weed biomass, and on nitrogen content. The experimental design consisted of inorganic (ammonium nitrate) and organic (cover crop and manure) fertility treatments. Within each fertility treatment, earthworm manipulations consisted of ambient, augmented and reduced populations. Both ambient and augmented earthworm population treatments resulted in greater weed biomass compared to earthworm reductions. Early season crop biomass was significantly influenced by earthworm reductions. Early season crop biomass was significantly influenced by earthworm × N source interactions, with greater maize biomass in the earthworm reduction treatment. In fertilizer and manure treatments, grain yields were higher in the reduced earthworm treatment compared to either augmented or ambient earthworm treatments. This effect on yields was probably related to interactions with the weeds and damage to the maize by an insect pest.
Briefings in functional genomics & proteomics, 2006
The Coccolithoviridae is a recently discovered family of giant algal viruses. Here, we review the... more The Coccolithoviridae is a recently discovered family of giant algal viruses. Here, we review the genomic and transcriptomic characterization of this family based on the results generated from a coccolithovirus microarray. The microarray has been used to aid the annotation of the genome, to investigate the infection process at the transcriptional level and to assess the diversity in genomic content within the family.
The authors, who are members of the Dalhousie Academic Detailing Service and the Palliative and T... more The authors, who are members of the Dalhousie Academic Detailing Service and the Palliative and Therapeutic Harmonization program, recommend that antihypertensive treatment be less intense in elderly patients who are frail. This paper reviews their recommendations and the evidence behind them.
Differences in rhizosphere microbial community function in response to Gutierreziu sarothrae plan... more Differences in rhizosphere microbial community function in response to Gutierreziu sarothrae plants grown in elevated CO2 (750 ~1 I-') and fertilized with nitrogen were studied using the Biolog microplate analysis of sole C substrate utilization. Compared to ambient CO*. under elevated CO*, polymers were more slowly oxidized by the microbial community, amides showed no change in usage, and all other substrate groups were more rapidly utilized, although there was no significant change in the number of viable bacteria. No microbial community responses to N fertilization were detected. The results indicate that potential functional changes in the soil microbial community in response to elevated CO2 have to be taken into account in future experiments. Differential use of rhizodeposits in elevated CO2 may have important consequences for biogeochemistry and plant growth. Q 1997
The intermediate-resolution coarse-grained protein model PLUM [T. Bereau and M. Deserno, J. Chem.... more The intermediate-resolution coarse-grained protein model PLUM [T. Bereau and M. Deserno, J. Chem. Phys., 2009, 130, 235106] is used to simulate small systems of intrinsically disordered proteins involved in biomineralisation. With minor adjustments to reduce bias toward stable secondary structure, the model generates conformational ensembles conforming to structural predictions from atomistic simulation. Without additional structural information as input, the model distinguishes regions of the chain by predicted degree of disorder, manifestation of structure, and involvement in chain dimerisation. The model is also able to distinguish dimerisation behaviour between one intrinsically disordered peptide and a closely related mutant. We contrast this against the poor ability of PLUM to model the S1 quartz-binding peptide.
... Authors Allen, EB; Allen, MF Editors Grace, JB;Tilman, D Miscellaneous Perspectives on plant ... more ... Authors Allen, EB; Allen, MF Editors Grace, JB;Tilman, D Miscellaneous Perspectives on plant competition. 1990 pp. ... You are viewing sample pages from CABI's life sciences databases on CAB Direct. To learn more about our products please visit our website. ...
The giant viruses are ancient double-stranded DNA viruses that infect a wide range of host organi... more The giant viruses are ancient double-stranded DNA viruses that infect a wide range of host organisms and have genomes larger than 280 kbp. Mimivirus is the largest at an incredible1.2-million base pairs, larger than some of the smallest bacterial genomes. Most of the giant viruses are members of the NCLDV (nuclear cytoplasmic large DNA virus) family and include representatives of the Phycodnaviridae, Mimiviridae, and Poxviridae families, though Herpesviridae, Nimaviridae, Myoviridae and Polydnaviruses are also represented in this elite group. It is likely they are extremely abundant in aquatic environments.
There is a growing interest in the role of the microenvironment in cancer, however, it has been k... more There is a growing interest in the role of the microenvironment in cancer, however, it has been known for over one hundred years that the immune system plays a prominent role in cancer. Recent decades have revealed more and more data on how our own host response to cancer cells can help or hinder progression of the disease. Despite all this work it is surprising how little is known about the role of the immune system in human breast cancer development, as compared to other cancers. Recent successes of PD-1 blockade in treating multiple cancers, and new developments with other immune targets such as CTLA-4 and CSF-1 inhibitors, highlight that it is becoming ever more important that we understand the complexity of the immune and inflammatory systems in the development and progression of breast cancer. With this knowledge it may be possible to not only target therapy but also more accurately predict those patients that truly need it. This review summarises some of the most significant ...
Effects of glucose infusion on feed intake, milk production, and metabolic responses of early pos... more Effects of glucose infusion on feed intake, milk production, and metabolic responses of early postpartum cows fed diets varying in starch and protein concentration were evaluated by utilizing a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows were blocked by body condition score and 305-d mature-equivalent milk yield and randomly assigned at calving to 1 of 4 treatments. Treatments were continuous intrajugular infusion of glucose (GI) or isotonic saline (SI), and diets containing high starch, low crude protein (HSLP) or high crude protein, low starch (HPLS) concentrations. Treatments were initiated at the first scheduled feeding following parturition and lasted 12 d. The GI reduced cumulative dry matter intake and tended to reduce daily dry matter intake and meal size for HPLS but not HSLP compared with SI. The GI increased cumulative milk yield by 39 kg/12 d compared with SI by increasing it for HSLP but not HP...
Abstract Text: Mechanisms controlling feed intake are dependent upon the interaction between diet... more Abstract Text: Mechanisms controlling feed intake are dependent upon the interaction between diet and physiological state of animals. Physiological state is affected by age, pregnancy, lactation, and adiposity and is characterized by differences in insulin sensitivity of tissues and plasma concentrations of insulin, growth hormone, and leptin. The interaction between diet and physiological state affects feeding behavior (e.g. meal size and frequency) depending upon the type and temporal supply of absorbed fuels. These fuels (e.g. glucose, fatty acids, amino acids) derive from the diet directly or indirectly as a result of gastrointestinal fermentation and are metabolized or stored by different tissues at different rates. Other fuels (e.g. long chain fatty acids, glycerol, amino acids) originate from body reserves. Effects of fuels on endocrine response and gene expression affect energy partitioning, which in turn affects feeding behavior by altering clearance of fuels from the blood...
Effects of stearic acid supplementation on feed intake and metabolic and production responses of ... more Effects of stearic acid supplementation on feed intake and metabolic and production responses of dairy cows with a wide range of milk production (32.2 to 64.4 kg/d) were evaluated in a crossover design experiment with a covariate period. Thirty-two multiparous Holstein cows (142 ± 55 d in milk) were assigned randomly within level of milk yield to treatment sequence. Treatments were diets supplemented (2% of diet dry matter) with stearic acid (SA; 98% C18:0) or control (soyhulls). The diets were based on corn silage and alfalfa and contained 24.5% forage neutral detergent fiber, 25.1% starch, and 17.3% crude protein. Treatment periods were 21 d with the final 4 d used for data and sample collection. Compared with the control, SA increased dry matter intake (DMI; 26.1 vs. 25.2 kg/d) and milk yield (40.2 vs. 38.5 kg/d). Stearic acid had no effect on the concentration of milk components but increased yields of fat (1.42 vs. 1.35 kg/d), protein (1.19 vs. 1.14 kg/d), and lactose (1.96 vs....
Abstract Text: Our objective was to evaluate propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (G) as treatments... more Abstract Text: Our objective was to evaluate propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (G) as treatments for ketosis. Two experiments lasting 4 d each were conducted in which cows received one bolus infusion per day. All data were analyzed by ANOVA. Experiment 1 used 6 ruminally-cannulated cows (28 ± 7 DIM) randomly assigned to 300 ml infusions of PG or G (both ≥ 99.5% pure) in a crossover design experiment. Within each period, cows were randomly assigned to sequence in a crossover for site of infusion in the abomasum (A) or reticulorumen (R). Treatments were infused in the cranial reticulorumen (R-PG and R-G) to simulate drenching and abomasum (A-PG and A-G) to prevent metabolism by ruminal microbes. Treatment did not affect DMI or milk yield. Glycerol infused abomasally increased plasma glucose concentration the most (15.2 mg/dL; interaction P < 0.05), followed by R-PG (12.0 mg/dL), A-PG (9.7 mg/dL), and R-G (7.9 mg/dL). Glucose area under the curve (AUC) was also highest for A-G (1,4...
Viruses are a major cause of coccolithophore bloom demise in both temperate and sub-temperate oce... more Viruses are a major cause of coccolithophore bloom demise in both temperate and sub-temperate oceanic regions. Most infection dynamics studies on coccolithoviruses have been done with a single virus strain and the effect of intragenus competition by closely related coccolithoviruses, has been ignored. Here we conducted combined infection experiments, infecting Emiliania huxleyi CCMP 2090 with two coccolithoviruses: EhV-86 and EhV-207 both simultaneously and independently. EhV-207 displayed a shorter lytic cycle and increased production potential than EhV-86, and was remarkably superior under competitive conditions. Although the viruses displayed identical adsorption kinetics in the first 2 hours post infection, EhV-207 gained a numerical advantage as early as 8 hours post infection (hpi). Quantitative PCR revealed that when infecting in combination, EhV-207 was not affected by the presence of EhV-86 whereas EhV-86 was quickly out-competed, and a significant reduction in free and cel...
The effects of macroporosity on the potential for nutrient transport has been extensively studied... more The effects of macroporosity on the potential for nutrient transport has been extensively studied for no-tillage agroecosystems. The present study was undertaken to quantify macroporosity and to demonstrate the potential for nutrient transport in reduced-tillage systems. Soil macropore area and numbers were quantified by image analysis into three size classes (l-8, 8-16 and > 16 mm') at three depths (10, 20 and 30 cm) at two locations (between-row, within-row) in corn agroecosystem enclosures with manipulated earthworm populations (reduction, not manipulated, addition). A dilute solution of latex paint was surface!applied to determine pathways for water infiltration. All macropore sizes contributed to infiltration. Earthworm-treatments had no significant effects on infiltration rates, but rates were significantly faster within crop rows than between rows. In the earthworm-addition plots the area of macropores was significantly greater in the surface soil (10 cm depth) then in the other treatments, indicatin f re-formation of continuous flow pathways destroyed by tillage practices. The majority of the > 16 mm size pores were recognized as Lumbricus terrestris (L.) burrows, which represented the greatest per cent area of all size classes at the 10 cm depth. The area of these large macropores was significantly greater in addition-treatments than in the other plots at all depths and locations except for 30 cm-deep between-row locations. The absence of an earthworm effect at this location is attributed to the existence of pre-existing burrows that were not disrupted by tillage or root activity and is due to earthworms concentrating their activity in the root-zone, in the within-row location. By increasing soil macroporosity and creating transport pathways of preferential flow, earthworms potentially affect the nutrient transport in leachate and nutrient loss from the agroecosystem. 0 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd INTRODUCIION
Effects of grass maturity on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, ruminal fermentation and p... more Effects of grass maturity on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, ruminal fermentation and pool sizes, digestion and passage kinetics, and chewing activity and the relationship of these effects with preliminary DMI (pDMI) were evaluated using 13 ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein cows in a crossover design with a 14-d preliminary period and two 18-d treatment periods. During the preliminary period, pDMI of individual cows ranged from 23.5 to 28.2 kg/d (mean=26.1 kg/d) and 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield ranged from 30.8 to 57.2 kg/d (mean=43.7 kg/d). Experimental treatments were diets containing orchardgrass silage harvested either (1) early-cut, less mature (EC) or (2) late-cut, more mature (LC) as the sole forage. Early- and late-cut orchardgrass contained 44.9 and 54.4% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 20.1 and 15.3% crude protein, respectively. Forage:concentrate ratio was 58:42 and 46:54 for EC and LC, respectively; both diets contained approximately 25% for...
Thirty multiparous lactating dairy cows were used in a randomized block design experiment to eval... more Thirty multiparous lactating dairy cows were used in a randomized block design experiment to evaluate factors related to the degree of hypophagia from intraruminal infusion of propionate. Cows between 3 and 40 d postpartum at the start of the experiment were blocked by calving date and randomly assigned to treatment. Treatments were 1.0 mol/L propionic acid or 1.0 mol/L acetic acid adjusted to pH 6 with sodium hydroxide and infused at 0.5 mol of volatile fatty acid/h from 6h before feeding until 12h after feeding. Propionate infusion decreased dry matter intake by 20.0%, total metabolizable energy intake by 22.5%, and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration by 54.3% compared with acetate infusion. Effects of treatment on dry matter intake were related to concentration of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) in the liver; hypophagic effects of propionate compared with acetate increased as liver acetyl CoA concentration increased. Hypophagic effects of propionate are greater for cows with elevated ...
Effects of legume maturity on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, ruminal fermentation and ... more Effects of legume maturity on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, ruminal fermentation and pool sizes, and digestion and passage kinetics, and the relationship of these effects with preliminary DMI (pDMI) were evaluated using 16 ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein cows in a crossover design with a 14-d preliminary period and two 17-d treatment periods. During the preliminary period, the pDMI of individual cows ranged from 22.9 to 30.0 kg/d (mean=25.9 kg/d) and the 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield ranged from 34.1 to 68.2 kg/d (mean=43.7 kg/d). Experimental treatments were diets containing alfalfa silage harvested either a) early-cut, less mature (EC) or b) late-cut, more mature (LC) as the sole forage. Early- and late-cut alfalfa contained 40.8 and 53.1% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 23.7 and 18.1% crude protein, respectively. Forage:concentrate ratios were 53:47 and 42:58 for EC and LC, respectively; both diets contained approximately 22% forage NDF and 27% total ND...
ABSTRACT Results are reported from an experiment comparing the effects of earthworm manipulations... more ABSTRACT Results are reported from an experiment comparing the effects of earthworm manipulations and agroecosystem fertility treatments on corn (maize, Zea mays) and weed biomass, and on nitrogen content. The experimental design consisted of inorganic (ammonium nitrate) and organic (cover crop and manure) fertility treatments. Within each fertility treatment, earthworm manipulations consisted of ambient, augmented and reduced populations. Both ambient and augmented earthworm population treatments resulted in greater weed biomass compared to earthworm reductions. Early season crop biomass was significantly influenced by earthworm reductions. Early season crop biomass was significantly influenced by earthworm × N source interactions, with greater maize biomass in the earthworm reduction treatment. In fertilizer and manure treatments, grain yields were higher in the reduced earthworm treatment compared to either augmented or ambient earthworm treatments. This effect on yields was probably related to interactions with the weeds and damage to the maize by an insect pest.
Briefings in functional genomics & proteomics, 2006
The Coccolithoviridae is a recently discovered family of giant algal viruses. Here, we review the... more The Coccolithoviridae is a recently discovered family of giant algal viruses. Here, we review the genomic and transcriptomic characterization of this family based on the results generated from a coccolithovirus microarray. The microarray has been used to aid the annotation of the genome, to investigate the infection process at the transcriptional level and to assess the diversity in genomic content within the family.
The authors, who are members of the Dalhousie Academic Detailing Service and the Palliative and T... more The authors, who are members of the Dalhousie Academic Detailing Service and the Palliative and Therapeutic Harmonization program, recommend that antihypertensive treatment be less intense in elderly patients who are frail. This paper reviews their recommendations and the evidence behind them.
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