Integrated approaches using different in vitro methods in combination with bioinformatics can (i)... more Integrated approaches using different in vitro methods in combination with bioinformatics can (i) increase the success rate and speed of drug development; (ii) improve the accuracy of toxicological risk assessment; and (iii) increase our understanding of disease. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models are important building blocks of this strategy which has emerged during the last years. The majority of these models are organotypic, i.e., they aim to reproduce major * a report of t 4-the transatlantic think tank for toxicology, a collaboration of the toxicologically oriented chairs in Baltimore, Konstanz and Utrecht sponsored by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation; participants do not represent their institutions and do not necessarily endorse all recommendations made.
Protecting pollinators from potential negative effects of pesticides is one of the roles of the r... more Protecting pollinators from potential negative effects of pesticides is one of the roles of the regulatory agencies for plant protection products world-wide. However, traditional toxicity testing and regulatory frameworks may not be fit for purpose where microbial plant protection products are concerned. A working group of the ICPPR Bee Protection group is developing a white paper examining these issues. Here we summarize the current state-of-affairs and outline potential future activities intended to bring testing and risk assessment for microbial pesticides more into line with the overall goal of determining where potential risks may lie. Note that this chapter is summarized from a white paper in development on this topic by the ICP-PR (International Commission on Plant-Pollinator Relationships) working group on Microbial and Bees.
Entomovectoring for Precision Biocontrol and Enhanced Pollination of Crops, 2020
To load pollinators with supplemental pollen or a biocontrol organism (BCO) in an efficient way, ... more To load pollinators with supplemental pollen or a biocontrol organism (BCO) in an efficient way, the use of a suitable dispenser is crucial. Over the past years, multiple studies have been conducted to optimize dispensers for honey bees, bumble bees and mason bees and test their potential for application with the entomovector technology. Research on dispensers for honey bees started by testing simple one-way dispensers, previously used to load pollinators with pollen, but they soon proved to be inefficient in loading the bees with a BCO. More efficient two-way dispensers, where entrance and exit ways are separated, were developed and improved, ultimately leading to an efficient model that was suitable for commercial use, the BeeTreat dispenser. As behavioral differences between honey bees and bumble bees proved to be a problem in attempts to load bumble bees using the honey bee dispensers, dedicated models were developed to achieve a sufficient loading and use bumble bees as a vector for BCO delivery. Today, two commercial dispensers are available for bumble bees. While the development of dispensers for mason bees is still at an earlier stage, progress on optimizing the dispenser model shows promising forthcoming results. Future effort should be devoted, but not limited to, increasing our knowledge on the pollination and entomovectoring potential of solitary bee species, like those of the genus of Osmia. Alongside with the continued improvement of the dispenser models, the main focus of the research should shift towards improving the powder formulation which can be loaded in the dispenser to increase the efficiency of the entomovector technology.
all experts involved in the preparation of the underlying opinion. For a complete list of acknowl... more all experts involved in the preparation of the underlying opinion. For a complete list of acknowledgements please refer to that opinion (EFSA, 2008). EFSA also wishes to thank its staff member Jane Richardson (Assessment and Methodology Unit) for the development of the tool (Excel spreadsheets) for Tier 1 calculations.
Currently, there is a growing interest in developing biopesticides and increasing their share in ... more Currently, there is a growing interest in developing biopesticides and increasing their share in the plant protection market as sustainable tools in integrated pest management (IPM). Therefore, it is important that regulatory requirements are consistent and thorough in consideration of biopesticides’ unique properties. While microbial pesticides generally have a lower risk profile, they present special challenges in non-target organism testing and risk assessment since, in contrast to chemical pesticides, their modes of action include infectivity and pathogenicity rather than toxicity alone. For this reason, non-target organism testing guidelines designed for conventional chemical pesticides are not necessarily directly applicable to microbial pesticides. Many stakeholders have recognised the need for improvements in the guidance available for testing microbial pesticides with honey bees, particularly given the increasing interest in development and registration of microbial pestici...
NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use i... more NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identi fi ed as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper
For the developments with this working group, see these proceedings:Thomas Steeger - Working grou... more For the developments with this working group, see these proceedings:Thomas Steeger - Working groups of the ICPPR Bee Protection Group – Developments and progress.
Abstract: The HIV infected pediatric population is disproportionately affected by HIV progressive... more Abstract: The HIV infected pediatric population is disproportionately affected by HIV progressive encephalopathy (HIV-PE), characterized by failure to reach developmental milestones, physiological and mood disorders and death or the similar, though less ...
Integrated approaches using different in vitro methods in combination with bioinformatics can (i)... more Integrated approaches using different in vitro methods in combination with bioinformatics can (i) increase the success rate and speed of drug development; (ii) improve the accuracy of toxicological risk assessment; and (iii) increase our understanding of disease. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models are important building blocks of this strategy which has emerged during the last years. The majority of these models are organotypic, i.e., they aim to reproduce major * a report of t 4-the transatlantic think tank for toxicology, a collaboration of the toxicologically oriented chairs in Baltimore, Konstanz and Utrecht sponsored by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation; participants do not represent their institutions and do not necessarily endorse all recommendations made.
The study described in this report was conducted with the aim of developing an unified database o... more The study described in this report was conducted with the aim of developing an unified database of ecological data and residue data to be used for the risk assessment of plant protection products for birds and mammals. The main sources of data were the information submitted in the context of approval of active substances and authorization of products and and additional information retrieved through a systematic literature review. The data were screened and organised in three Excel databases, one for birds, one for mammals and one for residue studies. The ecological information for birds and mammal risk assessment consisted of data that is used for the determination of focal species, estimation of the proportion of an animal's daily diet obtained in a treated habitat (PT) and assessment of the composition of the diet obtained from a treated area (PD). The information gathered on residues focussed on (initial) residue levels after treatment and on residue decline (the reported half-life or DT50 and the DT90).
The study described in this report was conducted with the aim of developing an unified database o... more The study described in this report was conducted with the aim of developing an unified database of ecological data and residue data to be used for the risk assessment of plant protection products for birds and mammals. The main sources of data were the information submitted in the context of approval of active substances and authorization of products and and additional information retrieved through a systematic literature review. The data were screened and organised in three Excel databases, one for birds, one for mammals and one for residue studies. The ecological information for birds and mammal risk assessment consisted of data that is used for the determination of focal species, estimation of the proportion of an animal's daily diet obtained in a treated habitat (PT) and assessment of the composition of the diet obtained from a treated area (PD). The information gathered on residues focussed on (initial) residue levels after treatment and on residue decline (the reported half-life or DT50 and the DT90).
Systemic toxicity testing forms the cornerstone for the safety evaluation of substances. Pressure... more Systemic toxicity testing forms the cornerstone for the safety evaluation of substances. Pressures to move from traditional animal models to novel technologies arise from various concerns, including: the need to evaluate large numbers of previously untested chemicals and new products (such as nanoparticles or cell therapies), the limited predictivity of traditional tests for human health effects, duration and costs of current approaches, and animal welfare considerations. The latter holds especially true in the context of the scheduled 2013 marketing ban on cosmetic ingredients tested for systemic toxicity. Based on a major analysis of the status of alternative methods (Adler et al., 2011) and its independent review (Hartung et al., 2011), the present report proposes a roadmap for how to overcome the acknowledged scientific gaps for the full replacement of systemic toxicity testing using animals. Five whitepapers were commissioned addressing toxicokinetics, skin sensitization, repea...
Systemic toxicity testing forms the cornerstone for the safety evaluation of substances. Pressure... more Systemic toxicity testing forms the cornerstone for the safety evaluation of substances. Pressures to move from traditional animal models to novel technologies arise from various concerns, including: the need to evaluate large numbers of previously untested chemicals and new products (such as nanoparticles or cell therapies), the limited predictivity of traditional tests for human health effects, duration and costs of current approaches, and animal welfare considerations. The latter holds especially true in the context of the scheduled 2013 marketing ban on cosmetic ingredients tested for systemic toxicity. Based on a major analysis of the status of alternative methods (Adler et al., 2011) and its independent review (Hartung et al., 2011), the present report proposes a roadmap for how to overcome the acknowledged scientific gaps for the full replacement of systemic toxicity testing using animals. Five whitepapers were commissioned addressing toxicokinetics, skin sensitization, repea...
Integrated approaches using different in vitro methods in combination with bioinformatics can (i)... more Integrated approaches using different in vitro methods in combination with bioinformatics can (i) increase the success rate and speed of drug development; (ii) improve the accuracy of toxicological risk assessment; and (iii) increase our understanding of disease. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models are important building blocks of this strategy which has emerged during the last years. The majority of these models are organotypic, i.e., they aim to reproduce major * a report of t 4-the transatlantic think tank for toxicology, a collaboration of the toxicologically oriented chairs in Baltimore, Konstanz and Utrecht sponsored by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation; participants do not represent their institutions and do not necessarily endorse all recommendations made.
Protecting pollinators from potential negative effects of pesticides is one of the roles of the r... more Protecting pollinators from potential negative effects of pesticides is one of the roles of the regulatory agencies for plant protection products world-wide. However, traditional toxicity testing and regulatory frameworks may not be fit for purpose where microbial plant protection products are concerned. A working group of the ICPPR Bee Protection group is developing a white paper examining these issues. Here we summarize the current state-of-affairs and outline potential future activities intended to bring testing and risk assessment for microbial pesticides more into line with the overall goal of determining where potential risks may lie. Note that this chapter is summarized from a white paper in development on this topic by the ICP-PR (International Commission on Plant-Pollinator Relationships) working group on Microbial and Bees.
Entomovectoring for Precision Biocontrol and Enhanced Pollination of Crops, 2020
To load pollinators with supplemental pollen or a biocontrol organism (BCO) in an efficient way, ... more To load pollinators with supplemental pollen or a biocontrol organism (BCO) in an efficient way, the use of a suitable dispenser is crucial. Over the past years, multiple studies have been conducted to optimize dispensers for honey bees, bumble bees and mason bees and test their potential for application with the entomovector technology. Research on dispensers for honey bees started by testing simple one-way dispensers, previously used to load pollinators with pollen, but they soon proved to be inefficient in loading the bees with a BCO. More efficient two-way dispensers, where entrance and exit ways are separated, were developed and improved, ultimately leading to an efficient model that was suitable for commercial use, the BeeTreat dispenser. As behavioral differences between honey bees and bumble bees proved to be a problem in attempts to load bumble bees using the honey bee dispensers, dedicated models were developed to achieve a sufficient loading and use bumble bees as a vector for BCO delivery. Today, two commercial dispensers are available for bumble bees. While the development of dispensers for mason bees is still at an earlier stage, progress on optimizing the dispenser model shows promising forthcoming results. Future effort should be devoted, but not limited to, increasing our knowledge on the pollination and entomovectoring potential of solitary bee species, like those of the genus of Osmia. Alongside with the continued improvement of the dispenser models, the main focus of the research should shift towards improving the powder formulation which can be loaded in the dispenser to increase the efficiency of the entomovector technology.
all experts involved in the preparation of the underlying opinion. For a complete list of acknowl... more all experts involved in the preparation of the underlying opinion. For a complete list of acknowledgements please refer to that opinion (EFSA, 2008). EFSA also wishes to thank its staff member Jane Richardson (Assessment and Methodology Unit) for the development of the tool (Excel spreadsheets) for Tier 1 calculations.
Currently, there is a growing interest in developing biopesticides and increasing their share in ... more Currently, there is a growing interest in developing biopesticides and increasing their share in the plant protection market as sustainable tools in integrated pest management (IPM). Therefore, it is important that regulatory requirements are consistent and thorough in consideration of biopesticides’ unique properties. While microbial pesticides generally have a lower risk profile, they present special challenges in non-target organism testing and risk assessment since, in contrast to chemical pesticides, their modes of action include infectivity and pathogenicity rather than toxicity alone. For this reason, non-target organism testing guidelines designed for conventional chemical pesticides are not necessarily directly applicable to microbial pesticides. Many stakeholders have recognised the need for improvements in the guidance available for testing microbial pesticides with honey bees, particularly given the increasing interest in development and registration of microbial pestici...
NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use i... more NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identi fi ed as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper
For the developments with this working group, see these proceedings:Thomas Steeger - Working grou... more For the developments with this working group, see these proceedings:Thomas Steeger - Working groups of the ICPPR Bee Protection Group – Developments and progress.
Abstract: The HIV infected pediatric population is disproportionately affected by HIV progressive... more Abstract: The HIV infected pediatric population is disproportionately affected by HIV progressive encephalopathy (HIV-PE), characterized by failure to reach developmental milestones, physiological and mood disorders and death or the similar, though less ...
Integrated approaches using different in vitro methods in combination with bioinformatics can (i)... more Integrated approaches using different in vitro methods in combination with bioinformatics can (i) increase the success rate and speed of drug development; (ii) improve the accuracy of toxicological risk assessment; and (iii) increase our understanding of disease. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models are important building blocks of this strategy which has emerged during the last years. The majority of these models are organotypic, i.e., they aim to reproduce major * a report of t 4-the transatlantic think tank for toxicology, a collaboration of the toxicologically oriented chairs in Baltimore, Konstanz and Utrecht sponsored by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation; participants do not represent their institutions and do not necessarily endorse all recommendations made.
The study described in this report was conducted with the aim of developing an unified database o... more The study described in this report was conducted with the aim of developing an unified database of ecological data and residue data to be used for the risk assessment of plant protection products for birds and mammals. The main sources of data were the information submitted in the context of approval of active substances and authorization of products and and additional information retrieved through a systematic literature review. The data were screened and organised in three Excel databases, one for birds, one for mammals and one for residue studies. The ecological information for birds and mammal risk assessment consisted of data that is used for the determination of focal species, estimation of the proportion of an animal's daily diet obtained in a treated habitat (PT) and assessment of the composition of the diet obtained from a treated area (PD). The information gathered on residues focussed on (initial) residue levels after treatment and on residue decline (the reported half-life or DT50 and the DT90).
The study described in this report was conducted with the aim of developing an unified database o... more The study described in this report was conducted with the aim of developing an unified database of ecological data and residue data to be used for the risk assessment of plant protection products for birds and mammals. The main sources of data were the information submitted in the context of approval of active substances and authorization of products and and additional information retrieved through a systematic literature review. The data were screened and organised in three Excel databases, one for birds, one for mammals and one for residue studies. The ecological information for birds and mammal risk assessment consisted of data that is used for the determination of focal species, estimation of the proportion of an animal's daily diet obtained in a treated habitat (PT) and assessment of the composition of the diet obtained from a treated area (PD). The information gathered on residues focussed on (initial) residue levels after treatment and on residue decline (the reported half-life or DT50 and the DT90).
Systemic toxicity testing forms the cornerstone for the safety evaluation of substances. Pressure... more Systemic toxicity testing forms the cornerstone for the safety evaluation of substances. Pressures to move from traditional animal models to novel technologies arise from various concerns, including: the need to evaluate large numbers of previously untested chemicals and new products (such as nanoparticles or cell therapies), the limited predictivity of traditional tests for human health effects, duration and costs of current approaches, and animal welfare considerations. The latter holds especially true in the context of the scheduled 2013 marketing ban on cosmetic ingredients tested for systemic toxicity. Based on a major analysis of the status of alternative methods (Adler et al., 2011) and its independent review (Hartung et al., 2011), the present report proposes a roadmap for how to overcome the acknowledged scientific gaps for the full replacement of systemic toxicity testing using animals. Five whitepapers were commissioned addressing toxicokinetics, skin sensitization, repea...
Systemic toxicity testing forms the cornerstone for the safety evaluation of substances. Pressure... more Systemic toxicity testing forms the cornerstone for the safety evaluation of substances. Pressures to move from traditional animal models to novel technologies arise from various concerns, including: the need to evaluate large numbers of previously untested chemicals and new products (such as nanoparticles or cell therapies), the limited predictivity of traditional tests for human health effects, duration and costs of current approaches, and animal welfare considerations. The latter holds especially true in the context of the scheduled 2013 marketing ban on cosmetic ingredients tested for systemic toxicity. Based on a major analysis of the status of alternative methods (Adler et al., 2011) and its independent review (Hartung et al., 2011), the present report proposes a roadmap for how to overcome the acknowledged scientific gaps for the full replacement of systemic toxicity testing using animals. Five whitepapers were commissioned addressing toxicokinetics, skin sensitization, repea...
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