Research on the gender-congruency effect in speech production across languages suggests that acce... more Research on the gender-congruency effect in speech production across languages suggests that access to grammatical gender during production is modulated by language-specific properties. The present study extends this line of research by seeking evidence for linguistic idiosyncratic influence on gender processing, however, from a within language comparison. Accordingly, it investigated the processing of gender information of Hebrew inanimate nouns from a foreign origin that do not have the typical morphologically complex Semitic structure of Hebrew nouns. The findings were evaluated in relation to previous findings derived from typical native Hebrew nouns. Gender processing was studied through the picture-word-interference (PWI) paradigm for estimating the gender-congruency effect induced by presenting a spoken distractor word of the same or of a different gender of the picture to be named. Across two experiments naming latency, for bare nouns (Exp. 1) and noun phrases (Exp. 2) revea...
Supplemental material, appendices for Morphological structure mediates the notional meaning of ge... more Supplemental material, appendices for Morphological structure mediates the notional meaning of gender marking: Evidence from the gender-congruency effect in Hebrew speech production by Avital Deutsch and Maya Dank in Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2018
This study investigated the gender-congruency effect of animate nouns in Hebrew. The Picture–Word... more This study investigated the gender-congruency effect of animate nouns in Hebrew. The Picture–Word Interference paradigm was used to manipulate gender congruency between target pictures and spoken distractors. Naming latency revealed an inhibitory gender-congruency effect, as naming the pictures took longer in the presence of a gender-congruent distractor than with a distractor from a different gender category. The inhibitory effect was demonstrated for feminine (morphologically marked) nouns, across two stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs) (Experiments 1a and 1b), and masculine (morphologically unmarked) nouns (Experiment 2). The same pattern was observed when participants had to produce bare nouns (Experiment 1) or gender-marked noun phrases (Experiment 3). The inhibitory pattern of the effect resembles previous findings of bare nouns in a subset of Romance languages, including Italian and Spanish. These findings add to previous research which investigated the gender-congruency effec...
The present study investigated the role of overt phonological realisation of morphological markin... more The present study investigated the role of overt phonological realisation of morphological marking on the implementation of subjectÁpredicate agreement in language production. This study was conducted in Hebrew, and focused on subjectÁpredicate gender agreement for inanimate nouns. In Hebrew, singular masculine forms are usually morphologically unmarked, whereas singular feminine forms are morphologically marked. Although the system is generally consistent, it includes examples of feminine forms which are not marked with feminine suffixes, i.e., unmarked feminine forms. Likewise, there are particular suffixes that usually denote masculine or feminine plurals. However, there are examples of masculine plurals which are inflected irregularly, with a feminine suffix. We took advantage of these characteristics of Hebrew to manipulate morphological factors in the process of agreement production. Using a sentence-completion task for complex noun phrases, we tested the effect of the absence of overt gender marking (Exp. 1) and misleading gender marking (Exp. 2) of the local noun on the frequency of agreement errors. The results revealed that whereas the absence of overt gender marking did not affect the frequency of agreement errors, overt misleading gender marking did affect it. The results are discussed in relation to the distinction between inflectional and derivational structures and their relevance to the process of computing agreement in the Marking and Morphing model (Eberhard, Cutting, & Bock, 2005).
A common characteristic of subject–predicate agreement errors (usually termed attraction errors) ... more A common characteristic of subject–predicate agreement errors (usually termed attraction errors) in complex noun phrases is an asymmetrical pattern of error distribution, depending on the inflectional state of the nouns comprising the complex noun phrase. That is, attraction is most likely to occur when the head noun is the morphologically unmarked form and the local noun is a marked form.
The present research investigated the attraction phenomenon, which commonly occurs in the domain ... more The present research investigated the attraction phenomenon, which commonly occurs in the domain of production but is also apparent in comprehension. It particularly focused on its accessibility to conceptual influence, in analogy to previous findings in production in Hebrew (Deutsch and Dank, J Mem Lang, 60:112-143, 2009). The experiments made use of the contrast between grammatical and natural gender in Hebrew, using complex subject noun phrases containing head nouns and prepositional phrases with local nouns. Noun phrases were manipulated to produce (a) matches and mismatches in grammatical gender between heads and local nouns; and (b) inanimate nouns and animate nouns with natural gender that served either as head or as local nouns. These noun phrases were the subjects of sentences that ended with predicates agreeing in gender with the head noun, with the local noun, or both. The ungrammatical sentences were those in which the gender of the predicate and the head noun did not match. To assess the impact of conflicts in grammatical and natural gender on the time course of reading, participants' eye movements were monitored. The results revealed clear disruptions in reading the predicate due to grammatical-gender mismatches with head and local nouns, in analogy to attraction in production. When the head nouns conveyed natural gender these effects were amplified, but variations in the natural gender of local nouns had negligible consequences. The results imply that comprehension and production are similarly sensitive to the control of grammatical agreement by grammatical and natural gender in subject noun phrases.
The present study investigated the process of accessing gender information when producing inanima... more The present study investigated the process of accessing gender information when producing inanimate nouns in Hebrew. The Picture Word Interference paradigm was used to manipulate gender congruency between target pictures and spoken distractors. Naming latency and accuracy were measured. The gender congruency effect has been tested in various Indo-European languages, with mixed results. It seems to depend on both language-specific attributes and the syntactic context of the utterance. Speakers’ insensitivity to gender congruency was observed at 3 SOAs (Experiment 1a–1c). Neither the production of bare nouns (Experiments 1 & 3) nor gender-marked NPs (Experiment 2) elicited the effect. Nevertheless, the same procedure and targets revealed a semantic effect. The present findings in Hebrew deviate from previous results obtained with Indo-European languages. The results are discussed in connection with Hebrew’s nonconcatenative morphological features and the way linguistic characteristics...
Hei. Apbtheker. L a n g ,von:Neutro fGhrte an, dass ihm noch. .in neuern Jahrea in. Ungarn Sarsap... more Hei. Apbtheker. L a n g ,von:Neutro fGhrte an, dass ihm noch. .in neuern Jahrea in. Ungarn SarsaparilIe forgekommen sey, die mit Birkenreisern falschlich vermischt war. Herr B a t.kc legle darauf'eine Reihe .italienischer Farbemateriale vor, als. Terra ginlla turcica, eine Art Eisenocker; Spotiglh , ein ,.der .englischen Erde Bhnliches Pulver, was auch,. wie diese , .zum Putzen gebraucht wird j Radetto, ein 'Blau j 'basisch; kohlens. Kup€eroxyd; Yerde azzuru, dem Schweinfurter .Griin fhnlich , aber a m phosphorsaurem Kupfer mit. Spuren .van essigsaurem Kupfer ltestehend; Yerde v i t a , eine hrt arseniksaures Kupfer; Brunino. Pergarno, ein eisenoxydhaltiges , Farbmaterial ; Terra giolh romann: ,. ein aus: ?Kieselerde.-und Eisenoxydhydrat bestehendes-Farbemittel. Hiermit wurden .!die. Sitzungea der pharmaceutischeii Section, geschlossen. Wir .haben nur .die-Hauptdata aus den Vethandlungen derselbcn .anfiihren. kiinnen. Ein grosser Theil der leitfer zu kurzen-Zeit der Sessionen war den' ebexi so lehrreichen ,a15 interessanten Discussionen .uber die verschiedenartigsten Gegenstlnde. der. .Eharmacie , gewvidmet.
Research on the gender-congruency effect in speech production across languages suggests that acce... more Research on the gender-congruency effect in speech production across languages suggests that access to grammatical gender during production is modulated by language-specific properties. The present study extends this line of research by seeking evidence for linguistic idiosyncratic influence on gender processing, however, from a within language comparison. Accordingly, it investigated the processing of gender information of Hebrew inanimate nouns from a foreign origin that do not have the typical morphologically complex Semitic structure of Hebrew nouns. The findings were evaluated in relation to previous findings derived from typical native Hebrew nouns. Gender processing was studied through the picture-word-interference (PWI) paradigm for estimating the gender-congruency effect induced by presenting a spoken distractor word of the same or of a different gender of the picture to be named. Across two experiments naming latency, for bare nouns (Exp. 1) and noun phrases (Exp. 2) revea...
Supplemental material, appendices for Morphological structure mediates the notional meaning of ge... more Supplemental material, appendices for Morphological structure mediates the notional meaning of gender marking: Evidence from the gender-congruency effect in Hebrew speech production by Avital Deutsch and Maya Dank in Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2018
This study investigated the gender-congruency effect of animate nouns in Hebrew. The Picture–Word... more This study investigated the gender-congruency effect of animate nouns in Hebrew. The Picture–Word Interference paradigm was used to manipulate gender congruency between target pictures and spoken distractors. Naming latency revealed an inhibitory gender-congruency effect, as naming the pictures took longer in the presence of a gender-congruent distractor than with a distractor from a different gender category. The inhibitory effect was demonstrated for feminine (morphologically marked) nouns, across two stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs) (Experiments 1a and 1b), and masculine (morphologically unmarked) nouns (Experiment 2). The same pattern was observed when participants had to produce bare nouns (Experiment 1) or gender-marked noun phrases (Experiment 3). The inhibitory pattern of the effect resembles previous findings of bare nouns in a subset of Romance languages, including Italian and Spanish. These findings add to previous research which investigated the gender-congruency effec...
The present study investigated the role of overt phonological realisation of morphological markin... more The present study investigated the role of overt phonological realisation of morphological marking on the implementation of subjectÁpredicate agreement in language production. This study was conducted in Hebrew, and focused on subjectÁpredicate gender agreement for inanimate nouns. In Hebrew, singular masculine forms are usually morphologically unmarked, whereas singular feminine forms are morphologically marked. Although the system is generally consistent, it includes examples of feminine forms which are not marked with feminine suffixes, i.e., unmarked feminine forms. Likewise, there are particular suffixes that usually denote masculine or feminine plurals. However, there are examples of masculine plurals which are inflected irregularly, with a feminine suffix. We took advantage of these characteristics of Hebrew to manipulate morphological factors in the process of agreement production. Using a sentence-completion task for complex noun phrases, we tested the effect of the absence of overt gender marking (Exp. 1) and misleading gender marking (Exp. 2) of the local noun on the frequency of agreement errors. The results revealed that whereas the absence of overt gender marking did not affect the frequency of agreement errors, overt misleading gender marking did affect it. The results are discussed in relation to the distinction between inflectional and derivational structures and their relevance to the process of computing agreement in the Marking and Morphing model (Eberhard, Cutting, & Bock, 2005).
A common characteristic of subject–predicate agreement errors (usually termed attraction errors) ... more A common characteristic of subject–predicate agreement errors (usually termed attraction errors) in complex noun phrases is an asymmetrical pattern of error distribution, depending on the inflectional state of the nouns comprising the complex noun phrase. That is, attraction is most likely to occur when the head noun is the morphologically unmarked form and the local noun is a marked form.
The present research investigated the attraction phenomenon, which commonly occurs in the domain ... more The present research investigated the attraction phenomenon, which commonly occurs in the domain of production but is also apparent in comprehension. It particularly focused on its accessibility to conceptual influence, in analogy to previous findings in production in Hebrew (Deutsch and Dank, J Mem Lang, 60:112-143, 2009). The experiments made use of the contrast between grammatical and natural gender in Hebrew, using complex subject noun phrases containing head nouns and prepositional phrases with local nouns. Noun phrases were manipulated to produce (a) matches and mismatches in grammatical gender between heads and local nouns; and (b) inanimate nouns and animate nouns with natural gender that served either as head or as local nouns. These noun phrases were the subjects of sentences that ended with predicates agreeing in gender with the head noun, with the local noun, or both. The ungrammatical sentences were those in which the gender of the predicate and the head noun did not match. To assess the impact of conflicts in grammatical and natural gender on the time course of reading, participants' eye movements were monitored. The results revealed clear disruptions in reading the predicate due to grammatical-gender mismatches with head and local nouns, in analogy to attraction in production. When the head nouns conveyed natural gender these effects were amplified, but variations in the natural gender of local nouns had negligible consequences. The results imply that comprehension and production are similarly sensitive to the control of grammatical agreement by grammatical and natural gender in subject noun phrases.
The present study investigated the process of accessing gender information when producing inanima... more The present study investigated the process of accessing gender information when producing inanimate nouns in Hebrew. The Picture Word Interference paradigm was used to manipulate gender congruency between target pictures and spoken distractors. Naming latency and accuracy were measured. The gender congruency effect has been tested in various Indo-European languages, with mixed results. It seems to depend on both language-specific attributes and the syntactic context of the utterance. Speakers’ insensitivity to gender congruency was observed at 3 SOAs (Experiment 1a–1c). Neither the production of bare nouns (Experiments 1 & 3) nor gender-marked NPs (Experiment 2) elicited the effect. Nevertheless, the same procedure and targets revealed a semantic effect. The present findings in Hebrew deviate from previous results obtained with Indo-European languages. The results are discussed in connection with Hebrew’s nonconcatenative morphological features and the way linguistic characteristics...
Hei. Apbtheker. L a n g ,von:Neutro fGhrte an, dass ihm noch. .in neuern Jahrea in. Ungarn Sarsap... more Hei. Apbtheker. L a n g ,von:Neutro fGhrte an, dass ihm noch. .in neuern Jahrea in. Ungarn SarsaparilIe forgekommen sey, die mit Birkenreisern falschlich vermischt war. Herr B a t.kc legle darauf'eine Reihe .italienischer Farbemateriale vor, als. Terra ginlla turcica, eine Art Eisenocker; Spotiglh , ein ,.der .englischen Erde Bhnliches Pulver, was auch,. wie diese , .zum Putzen gebraucht wird j Radetto, ein 'Blau j 'basisch; kohlens. Kup€eroxyd; Yerde azzuru, dem Schweinfurter .Griin fhnlich , aber a m phosphorsaurem Kupfer mit. Spuren .van essigsaurem Kupfer ltestehend; Yerde v i t a , eine hrt arseniksaures Kupfer; Brunino. Pergarno, ein eisenoxydhaltiges , Farbmaterial ; Terra giolh romann: ,. ein aus: ?Kieselerde.-und Eisenoxydhydrat bestehendes-Farbemittel. Hiermit wurden .!die. Sitzungea der pharmaceutischeii Section, geschlossen. Wir .haben nur .die-Hauptdata aus den Vethandlungen derselbcn .anfiihren. kiinnen. Ein grosser Theil der leitfer zu kurzen-Zeit der Sessionen war den' ebexi so lehrreichen ,a15 interessanten Discussionen .uber die verschiedenartigsten Gegenstlnde. der. .Eharmacie , gewvidmet.
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