English is an Associate Official Language for interstate communication and communication between ... more English is an Associate Official Language for interstate communication and communication between the States and the Centre. So, the first Prime Minister, Nehru assured the people of southern states that English would continue to be the Associate Official Language, until the time the southern states accept Hindi as the only official language. It is worth quoting Jawaharlal Nehru here: "If you push out English, does Hindi fully take its place? I hope it will. I am sure it will. But I wish to avoid the danger of one unifying factor being pushed out without another unifying factor fully taking its place. In that event there will be a gap, a hiatus. The creation of any such gap or hiatus must be avoided at all costs. It is very vital to do so in the interest of the unity of the country. It is that leads me to the conclusion that English is likely to have an important place in the foreseeable future." 1.2.2. English as an International Link Language. English has become a world language with its spread, defeating all geographical boundaries. Almost all known countries adopted English as one of the major languages for instructions in schools and colleges. It is the first language of the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Canada and Australia. In many European countries and African countries English is used as a second language. Pakistan, Ceylon and Bangladesh also adopt English as a second language in their national life and educational system. Even China and Japan which were reluctant in accepting English into their countries now started showing regard for English. Thanks to the advent of computers. Bharathidasan University estimated to admit 1000 students from China by the end of the year 2008, the then Vicechancellor Dr. Pannavaiko informed. These students deem India as a favoured destination for higher education valuing the opportunities for developing their English communication skills. It is the right testimony for the popularity that English enjoys as a world language. News items all around the world are printed in English. 50% of the world"s newspapers, over 50% of the world"s scientific and technical periodicals and more than 60% of the world"s radio stations use English as medium of communication. This alone can prove that English is a world language. There is no language that can come closer to the popularity that English enjoys. English plays a vital role in international relations. More than 50% of the people of the world prefer to speak in English. Even in India people of Nagaland accepted English as their mother 9 tongue. English helps in establishing international relations. And it is the source of better understanding among different nations of the world. F.G.French says, " by accidents of history and by rapid spread of industrial development, science, technology, international trade and by something like an explosion in the speed and ease of travel and by all the factors which have broken down frontiers and forced nations into closer interdependence; English has become a world language". The Sahitya Academy of India recognizes English as one of the Indian languages; and Jawaharlal Nehru even wanted to include it in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution, thus giving it statutory recognition as an Indian language. Because of this great popularity and worldwide distribution, English has the pre-eminent claim to be the medium of international communication. In fact, English has ceased to be the language of its native speakers alone as it has already attained the stature of a world language. So, there is no doubt about the importance of English in world affairs and it will be to our own advantage if we continue to learn English as a second language. 1.2.3. English as a Library Language. Kothari Commission (1964-66) had recommended English to be used as Library Language. It said, "While the goal is to adopt the regional languages as media on education, we should like to stress again that this does not involve elimination of English. In fact, English, as an important "library language" would play a vital role in higher education. No student should be considered as qualified for a degree, in particular, a Master"s degree, unless he has acquired a reasonable proficiency in English (or in some other library language). The implications of this are twofold: all teachers in higher education should be essentially bilingual in the regional language and in English, and all students (and, particularly postgraduate students) should be able to follow lectures and use reading materials in the regional language, as well as in English". Higher Education in India is possible only through English, as all worthy reference books are in English. Books on Science and Technology are also available in English. Other countries may afford to translate these books into their vernacular or national language, but India cannot, with numerous languages present. When we consider English as a library language, we expect the learners just to understand the subject matter contained in library books. India, being a progressive country, The skills in our mother tongue is developed by contribution from English So, learning English as a second language can bring a great amount of benefit socially and personally. It paves way to enjoy different opportunities that can contribute individually and to the country. While learning English opens up opportunities for work and travel and it also ensures the personal finding of oneself. Learning the other cultures help us understand and appreciate our own culture. By all means, the rationale for learning English as a second language is to understand social, cultural, economic and environmental well-being of our country better. 1.4. POSITIONS OF ENGLISH IN THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM The objectives of teaching English has two main aspects, namely, language aspects like words, sentences, pronunciation, spelling and grammar and the other aspect being literature aspect which include words, sentences, expressing ideas, feelings and experiences. In India, English is taught as a second language. There is a slight difference between English as a foreign language and English as a second language. A foreign language is learnt, mainly to know the culture and the living style of people of another nation, whereas, a second language is learnt, mainly to use the target language in the society. That way, English has to be taught in India, as a second language. To put it simply, the teachers of English should prepare their students to use English globally. It means, they have to provide a proper platform for their students to use English language in any day-today situation. English has become inevitable in the school curriculum. It enjoys all positions like I language, II language and III language. English is the medium of instruction in all the English medium schools. Thus, English is the first language in these schools. In other schools English is taught as a second language. In non-Hindi north Indian states like Gujarat, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Odiya, their regional language is the first language, Hindi is the second language and English is the third language. As English enjoys all the three positions in the academic field, there will not be anybody who completes his studies in India not acquainted with English. According to Prof. Gatenby there are two general aims: (1) learning the language, (2) doing something with the language when it is learnt which means understanding the language Application
English is an Associate Official Language for interstate communication and communication between ... more English is an Associate Official Language for interstate communication and communication between the States and the Centre. So, the first Prime Minister, Nehru assured the people of southern states that English would continue to be the Associate Official Language, until the time the southern states accept Hindi as the only official language. It is worth quoting Jawaharlal Nehru here: "If you push out English, does Hindi fully take its place? I hope it will. I am sure it will. But I wish to avoid the danger of one unifying factor being pushed out without another unifying factor fully taking its place. In that event there will be a gap, a hiatus. The creation of any such gap or hiatus must be avoided at all costs. It is very vital to do so in the interest of the unity of the country. It is that leads me to the conclusion that English is likely to have an important place in the foreseeable future." 1.2.2. English as an International Link Language. English has become a world language with its spread, defeating all geographical boundaries. Almost all known countries adopted English as one of the major languages for instructions in schools and colleges. It is the first language of the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Canada and Australia. In many European countries and African countries English is used as a second language. Pakistan, Ceylon and Bangladesh also adopt English as a second language in their national life and educational system. Even China and Japan which were reluctant in accepting English into their countries now started showing regard for English. Thanks to the advent of computers. Bharathidasan University estimated to admit 1000 students from China by the end of the year 2008, the then Vicechancellor Dr. Pannavaiko informed. These students deem India as a favoured destination for higher education valuing the opportunities for developing their English communication skills. It is the right testimony for the popularity that English enjoys as a world language. News items all around the world are printed in English. 50% of the world"s newspapers, over 50% of the world"s scientific and technical periodicals and more than 60% of the world"s radio stations use English as medium of communication. This alone can prove that English is a world language. There is no language that can come closer to the popularity that English enjoys. English plays a vital role in international relations. More than 50% of the people of the world prefer to speak in English. Even in India people of Nagaland accepted English as their mother 9 tongue. English helps in establishing international relations. And it is the source of better understanding among different nations of the world. F.G.French says, " by accidents of history and by rapid spread of industrial development, science, technology, international trade and by something like an explosion in the speed and ease of travel and by all the factors which have broken down frontiers and forced nations into closer interdependence; English has become a world language". The Sahitya Academy of India recognizes English as one of the Indian languages; and Jawaharlal Nehru even wanted to include it in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution, thus giving it statutory recognition as an Indian language. Because of this great popularity and worldwide distribution, English has the pre-eminent claim to be the medium of international communication. In fact, English has ceased to be the language of its native speakers alone as it has already attained the stature of a world language. So, there is no doubt about the importance of English in world affairs and it will be to our own advantage if we continue to learn English as a second language. 1.2.3. English as a Library Language. Kothari Commission (1964-66) had recommended English to be used as Library Language. It said, "While the goal is to adopt the regional languages as media on education, we should like to stress again that this does not involve elimination of English. In fact, English, as an important "library language" would play a vital role in higher education. No student should be considered as qualified for a degree, in particular, a Master"s degree, unless he has acquired a reasonable proficiency in English (or in some other library language). The implications of this are twofold: all teachers in higher education should be essentially bilingual in the regional language and in English, and all students (and, particularly postgraduate students) should be able to follow lectures and use reading materials in the regional language, as well as in English". Higher Education in India is possible only through English, as all worthy reference books are in English. Books on Science and Technology are also available in English. Other countries may afford to translate these books into their vernacular or national language, but India cannot, with numerous languages present. When we consider English as a library language, we expect the learners just to understand the subject matter contained in library books. India, being a progressive country, The skills in our mother tongue is developed by contribution from English So, learning English as a second language can bring a great amount of benefit socially and personally. It paves way to enjoy different opportunities that can contribute individually and to the country. While learning English opens up opportunities for work and travel and it also ensures the personal finding of oneself. Learning the other cultures help us understand and appreciate our own culture. By all means, the rationale for learning English as a second language is to understand social, cultural, economic and environmental well-being of our country better. 1.4. POSITIONS OF ENGLISH IN THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM The objectives of teaching English has two main aspects, namely, language aspects like words, sentences, pronunciation, spelling and grammar and the other aspect being literature aspect which include words, sentences, expressing ideas, feelings and experiences. In India, English is taught as a second language. There is a slight difference between English as a foreign language and English as a second language. A foreign language is learnt, mainly to know the culture and the living style of people of another nation, whereas, a second language is learnt, mainly to use the target language in the society. That way, English has to be taught in India, as a second language. To put it simply, the teachers of English should prepare their students to use English globally. It means, they have to provide a proper platform for their students to use English language in any day-today situation. English has become inevitable in the school curriculum. It enjoys all positions like I language, II language and III language. English is the medium of instruction in all the English medium schools. Thus, English is the first language in these schools. In other schools English is taught as a second language. In non-Hindi north Indian states like Gujarat, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Odiya, their regional language is the first language, Hindi is the second language and English is the third language. As English enjoys all the three positions in the academic field, there will not be anybody who completes his studies in India not acquainted with English. According to Prof. Gatenby there are two general aims: (1) learning the language, (2) doing something with the language when it is learnt which means understanding the language Application
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