Papers by Max Reinhard Dürsteler
The Freezing Rotation Illusion
Oxford University Press eBooks, Jun 15, 2017
A continuously rotating central texture (center) is presented together with a patterned surround ... more A continuously rotating central texture (center) is presented together with a patterned surround oscillating back and forth. Generally, rotation of the surround induces misperceptions of the center’s angular velocity, which are known as induced rotational motion: a physically rotating center is perceived as turning faster when counterrotating with its surround and turning slower when co-rotating. However, during co-rotation, additional velocity misperceptions are observed: (a) a percept of motionless center (freezing rotation illusion) arises when the average angular velocity of the surround is fixed to a much higher value than that of the center and the appropriate oscillation frequency is set, and (b) a percept of the center sticking to its surround (rotational motion capture) arises when the average angular velocity of the surround is lower than the center velocity but higher than a given fraction of it.
Depth and Luminance Motion Transparency
<p>One has to use red and cyan anaglyphic glasses to perceive the depth structers shown her... more <p>One has to use red and cyan anaglyphic glasses to perceive the depth structers shown here.</p> <p>In the left circular window, a stereoscopic sinusoidal grating is moving up and down. On the left half-side the encoding random dot pattern is stationary. In the circular window on the right, the stereo grating is stationary. In the left halfside of the left window, the random dot texture is stationary, in the left halfside of the right window, the dot texture is moving up and down. In the right half-side of bothe windows, normal stereograms are shown, where the random dots texture is always moving in synchrony with iths stereo grating it encodes,. In the second path of the video, the only content of the left half-sides is shown. The stereo ridges in the left window apear to move slower than the lrandom dot pattern in the right window, however thy are moving physically at the same speed. Concerning the stereo ridges in the right window, it is difficult to ecape the percept, that the veridical stationary depth ridges are not moving in the direction of the dot texture. <br>The third section compares depth motion with a static or a dynamic (flickering) luminance mask, in the last section, markers demonstrate the physical spped of the stereo grating.</p
Stereo Spiraling Motion Standstill and Capture
Stereo Rotation Standstill and Related Illusions
Oxford University Press eBooks, Jun 15, 2017
When we fixate the center of a rotating three-dimensional structure, such as a physically rotatin... more When we fixate the center of a rotating three-dimensional structure, such as a physically rotating wheel made out of sectors, which stereo cues are encoded with a static random-dot “texture,” a rather striking global motion illusion occurs: the rotating three-dimensional wheel appears as standing still (stereo rotation standstill). Even when using a dynamic (flickering) random-dot texture, it is still impossible to gain a percept of smooth rotation. However, local motion can still be clearly perceived. When the random-dot texture “overlaying” the wheel is also rotating, the concealed wheel is perceived as rotating at the same velocity as the texture, regardless of its velocity (stereo rotation capture). Stereo complex motion standstill and capture is shown to occur for other categories of complex motions such as expanding, contracting, and spiraling motions thus providing evidence for a dominance of luminance inputs over stereo inputs for complex motion detectors in our visual system.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Dec 18, 2014
A series of illusions was created by presenting stimuli, which consisted of two overlapping surfa... more A series of illusions was created by presenting stimuli, which consisted of two overlapping surfaces each defined by textures of independent visual features (i.e., modulation of luminance, color, depth, etc.). When presented concurrently with a stationary 2-D luminance texture, observers often fail to perceive the motion of an overlapping stereoscopically defined depth-texture. This illusory motion standstill arises due to a failure to represent two independent surfaces (one for luminance and one for depth textures) and motion transparency (the ability to perceive motion of both surfaces simultaneously). Instead the stimulus is represented as a single non-transparent surface taking on the stationary nature of the luminance-defined texture. By contrast, if it is the 2D-luminance defined texture that is in motion, observers often perceive the stationary depth texture as also moving. In this latter case, the failure to represent the motion transparency of the two textures gives rise to illusionary motion capture. Our past work demonstrated that the illusions of motion standstill and motion capture can occur for depth-textures that are rotating, or expanding / contracting, or else spiraling. Here I extend these findings to include stereo-shearing. More importantly, it is the motion (or lack thereof) of the luminance texture that determines how the motion of the depth will be perceived. This observation is strongly in favor of a single pathway for complex motion that operates on luminance-defines texture motion signals only. In addition, these complex motion illusions arise with chromatically-defined textures with smooth transitions between their colors. This suggests that in respect to color motion perception the complex motions' pathway is only able to accurately process signals from isoluminant colored textures with sharp transitions between colors, and/or moving at high speeds, which is conceivable if it relies on inputs from a hypothetical dual opponent color pathway.
Progress in Brain Research, 2008
Effects of brief periods of unilateral eye closure on the kitten's visual system
Journal of Neurophysiology, 1977
APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...
The Journal of Physiology, 1976
1. Eleven kittens were deprived of vision in one eye until the age of between 5 and 14 weeks. The... more 1. Eleven kittens were deprived of vision in one eye until the age of between 5 and 14 weeks. Their eyes were then reverse‐sutured, they were allowed to survive for a further 3‐63 days, and their brains were then examined histologically. 2. Measurement of the cross‐sectional area of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) showed that when the reversal of lid suture was performed at the age of 8 or 14 weeks, the mean cell size was smaller in laminae connected to the initially closed right eye than it was in other laminae. 3. When the reversal of lid suture took place at 5 or 6 weeks of age there was a reversal of interlaminar size differences: the initially deprived eye was then connected to laminae containing larger cells. Even within 3 days after the reversal of lid suture, most of the morphological effects of the initial suture had been abolished, and they were fully reversed within 12 days. 4. These results are compared with physiological changes in the visual cortex of the...
Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2014
A series of illusions was created by presenting stimuli, which consisted of two overlapping surfa... more A series of illusions was created by presenting stimuli, which consisted of two overlapping surfaces each defined by textures of independent visual features (i.e., modulation of luminance, color, depth, etc.). When presented concurrently with a stationary 2-D luminance texture, observers often fail to perceive the motion of an overlapping stereoscopically defined depth-texture. This illusory motion standstill arises due to a failure to represent two independent surfaces (one for luminance and one for depth textures) and motion transparency (the ability to perceive motion of both surfaces simultaneously). Instead the stimulus is represented as a single non-transparent surface taking on the stationary nature of the luminance-defined texture. By contrast, if it is the 2D-luminance defined texture that is in motion, observers often perceive the stationary depth texture as also moving. In this latter case, the failure to represent the motion transparency of the two textures gives rise to...
Projections to the visual cortex in the golden hamster
Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1979
Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to determine the origins of afferen... more Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to determine the origins of afferent connexions to the visual cortex (areas 17, 18a and 18b) in the hamster. The distribution of neurons projecting to the visual cortex from other cortical areas, from the thalamus and from the brainstem was studied using a computer technique for three-dimensional reconstruction. There is a topographically organized projection from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17, but probably to no other of the areas studied. The lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus (LP) projects to area 18a and weakly to area 17. The lateral nucleus (L) projects to area 18b and also, probably, weakly to area 17. The cortical projections from LP and L are also organized topographically but relatively grossly compared with the geniculo-cortical pathway. There are reciprocal association projections between area 17 and areas 18a and 18b. Areas 18a projects weakly to 18b. The main commissural connexions of the posterior neocortex are between the area 17/18a boundary zones in the two hemispheres, with little between the bodies of area 17. Labelled neurons were found bilaterally in the locus coeruleus, more ipsilaterally than contralaterally, after multiple injections into the visual cortex: single, small injections sometimes resulted in the labelling of a single cell body in the locus coeruleus.
Experimental Brain Research, 1977
Micro-injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were made into the visual cortex of the golden h... more Micro-injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were made into the visual cortex of the golden hamster. The "projection lines" of labelled neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) were three-dimensionally reconstructed, using a computer graphics technique. The lines run rostrally and medially from their origins at the lateral surface of the nucleus. Using an anatomically determined retinotopic map of the LGNd, the positions of all labelled cells near the lateral surface were converted into equivalent visual field coordinates and displayed on a physiologically determined retinotopic map of the primary visual cortex. Comparison between the scatter of these equivalent retinotopic loci and an actual reconstruction of the injection site revealed that: 1. there was general agreement between the independent retinotopic maps of LGNd and visual cortex; 2. there was greater retinotopic scatter of labelled LGNd cells than could be accounted for by the area of tissue injury in the cortex; 3. the retinotopic scatter matched more closely the total visible halo of HRP staining in the grey matter; 4. HRP can be taken up from a cytoarchitectonic field into which it diffuses after injection into a neighbouring area; 5. HRP is probably not taken up by undamaged axons in the white matter. These results are compared with those obtained in other animals and other systems. No general rules emerge, but the possibility of uptake from wide areas of diffusion must be considered when interpreting results of HRP injection.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Immunoglobulins and Multiple Sclerosis
Archives of Neurology, 1989
The clinical (disability) and paraclinical (visually evoked potential [VEP]/magnetic resonance im... more The clinical (disability) and paraclinical (visually evoked potential [VEP]/magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) data of patients with definite or probable multiple sclerosis (MS) were compared with their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulins taken within the same period of time. For patients with definite diagnosis by the Schumacher criteria (n = 61) we found significant correlations between CSF immunoglobulin content (absolute gamma-globulin value [aggv]) and quantified MRI factors (r = .47), between aggv and the sum of VEP latencies of both eyes (r = .53), and also between MRI and VEP changes (r = .62). This was not true for the patients with a probable MS diagnosis and for patients with first attacks. No correlations were evident between aggv and disability status or duration of the illness. The results give support to recent neuropathologic and experimental findings in animals indicating close pathogenic connections between CSF immunoglobulins and demyelination in MS.
The Journal of Physiology, 1983
The influence of visual experience on the correspondence in position and orientation of receptive... more The influence of visual experience on the correspondence in position and orientation of receptive fields in the two eyes of cortical neurones was studied. Kittens were reared viewing the environment through lenses that magnified the image by 9% in one direction (meridional size lenses) with axes of magnification oriented 45 degrees left and right of vertical for the two eyes. The unequal deformations in the two eyes produced gradients of position disparity and systematic variation of orientation disparity which could not be influenced by eye movements. Two types of arrangement of the lenses, producing opposite disparities, were used; each was worn by two kittens. The receptive fields of cortical neurones were studied in the four kittens aged 3‐4 months. In the binocular cells, the positions of the response fields were plotted, and the preferred orientations determined, using automatic stimulus variation, quantitative analysis, and eye‐drift correction. By means of regression analysi...
Normal eye drift and saccadic drift correction in darkness
Neuro-Ophthalmology, 1985
Page 1. (Accepted 30 August 1У84) Normal eye drift and saccadic drift correction in darkness* K. ... more Page 1. (Accepted 30 August 1У84) Normal eye drift and saccadic drift correction in darkness* K. HESS, H. RE1S1NE and M. DÜRSTELER Department of Neurology, University Hospital, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland ABSTRACT. ...
Analysis of Slow Phase Eye Velocity during the Course of an Acute Vestibulopathy
Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1983
Page 1. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1984; Suppl. 406: 227-230 Analysis of Slow Phase Eye Velocity d... more Page 1. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1984; Suppl. 406: 227-230 Analysis of Slow Phase Eye Velocity during the Course of an Acute Vestibulopathy K. HESS, M. R. DURSTELER and H. REISINE From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland ...
Cortical visual motion processing for oculomotor control
PubMed, 1990
... Cortical Visual Motion Processing for Oculomotor Control Robert H. Wurtz, Hidehiko Komatsu,Dw... more ... Cortical Visual Motion Processing for Oculomotor Control Robert H. Wurtz, Hidehiko Komatsu,Dwayne SG Yamasaki, and Max R. Dürsteier Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Humans and ...
Journal of Neurophysiology, May 1, 1987
Nature Precedings, Jul 8, 2007
The freezing rotation illusion arises when a figure is continuously rotating in front of a back a... more The freezing rotation illusion arises when a figure is continuously rotating in front of a back and forth rotating ground. The term "freezing rotation" designates the decrease in the perceived rotation speed of a figure when the figure and the ground are turning in equal directions. Subjects had to estimate the rotation speed of a continuously turning figure while the ground was either turning opposite to or with the figure. Their estimations of the figure's speed were significantly lower, when the ground was moving in the same direction as the figure. In control experiments subjects had to estimate the ground's speed while the figure was turning opposite to or with the ground. Overall, their estimations of the rotational speed of the ground were not significantly influenced by the rotational direction of the figure.
When you fixate the center of a rotating three-dimensional structure, such as a physically rotati... more When you fixate the center of a rotating three-dimensional structure, such as a physically rotating wheel made out of sectors, which stereo cues are encoded with a static random-dot "texture", a rather striking global motion illusion occurs: the rotating three-dimensional wheel appears as standing still ("stereo rotation standstill"). Even when using a dynamic (flickering) random-dot texture, it is still impossible to get a percept of smooth rotation. However, local motion can still be clearly perceived. When the random-dot texture "overlaying" the wheel is also rotating, the concealed wheel is perceived as rotating at the same velocity as the texture, regardless of its velocity ("stereo rotation capture"). "Stereo complex motion standstill and capture" will be shown to occur for other categories of complex motions such as expanding, contracting, and spiraling motions thus providing evidence for a dominance of luminance inputs over stereo inputs for complex motion detectors in our visual system.
<p>Demonstration of stereo complex motion blindness using a rotating 3-D sinusoidal grating... more <p>Demonstration of stereo complex motion blindness using a rotating 3-D sinusoidal grating</p
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Papers by Max Reinhard Dürsteler