Battery energy storage systems, comprising lead-acid batteries, power conversion systems, and con... more Battery energy storage systems, comprising lead-acid batteries, power conversion systems, and control systems, are used by three main groups: power generating utilities, power distributing utilities, and major power consumers (such as electric furnace foundries). The principal advantages of battery energy storage systems to generating utilities include load leveling, frequency control, spinning reserve, modular construction, convenient siting, no emissions, and investment deferral for new generation and transmission equipment. Power distributing utilities and major power consumers can avoid costly demand changes by discharging their batteries at peak periods and then recharging with lower cost off-peak power (say, at night). Battery energy storage systems are most cost effective when designed for discharge periods of less than 5 h; other systems (for example, pumped water storage) are better suited for longer discharges. It is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be a potential need for 4000 MW of battery energy storage. New construction of five plants totaling 100 MW is presently scheduled for completion by the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority between 1992 and 1995.
Page 1. Backward time analog computer solutions of optimum control problems by MAX D. ANDERSON Au... more Page 1. Backward time analog computer solutions of optimum control problems by MAX D. ANDERSON Autonetics Division, North American Aviation Anaheim, California and SOMESHWAR C. GUPTA Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona INTRODUCTION ...
Page 1. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 13, No. 4, November 31998 1205 PowerGraf: An Edu... more Page 1. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 13, No. 4, November 31998 1205 PowerGraf: An Educational Software Package for Power Systems Analysis and Design Jian Yang, Student Member, IEEE Max D Anderson ...
Power Engineering Society, IEEE Winter Meeting, 1999
With the separate pricing of generation and transmission, it has become necessary to find the cap... more With the separate pricing of generation and transmission, it has become necessary to find the capacity usage of different transactions occuring at the same time so that a fair use-of-transmission-system charge can be given separately to individual customers. It is also helpful to transmission congestion management if the power produced by each generator and consumed by each load could be tracked through the network, The existing proportional sharing and circuits based methods, and the newly developed power flow comparison method are introduced and compared in this paper. Calculations are illustrated in an example 6-bus power system. The new power flow comparison method and the existing proportional sharing method are also tested on the IEEE 57-bus system to show their capabilities. The power flow comparison method offers more alternatives in using available transmission capacity and pricing line flows, and provides the user with sensitivity information on how proposed corrections will affect the flows in other critical lines
Page 1. 824 IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 14, No. 3, September 1999 ECONOMIC DISPA... more Page 1. 824 IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 14, No. 3, September 1999 ECONOMIC DISPATCH AND OPTIMAL SIZING OF BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS IN UTILITY LOAD-LEVELING OPERATIONS ...
Battery energy storage systems, comprising lead-acid batteries, power conversion systems, and con... more Battery energy storage systems, comprising lead-acid batteries, power conversion systems, and control systems, are in commercial operation around the world. They are used by three main groups: power generating utilities; power distributing utilities; and major power consumers (such as electric furnace foundries). The principal advantages of battety energy storage systems to generating utilities include: load leveling: frequency control; spinning re-.\erve; modular construction; convenient siting; no emissions; and investment deferral for new generation and transmission equipment. Power distributing utilities and major power consumers can avoid costly demand changes by discharging their batteries Lit peak periods and then recharging with lowjer cost off-peak power (say, at night). Battery energy storage systems are most cost effective when designed for discharge periods qf less than 5 I!; other systems (for example, pumped water storage) are better Juited for longer discharges. It is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be a potential need for 4000 MW of' battery c'nergy storage. New construction of five plants totaling 100 MW is presently scheduled for completion by the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority between 1992 and 1995.
After an extended cold weather outage on a distribution circuit supplying a high saturation of el... more After an extended cold weather outage on a distribution circuit supplying a high saturation of electrical space heating, large transient overcurrents persist for several hours because of the undiversified heating load In this paper, the electrical space heating component of enduring demand is characterized by a smooth curve Expressions are derived for the parameters of the curve in terms of the outage conditions and a statistical description of the residences A method is suggested for using this characterization to determine the effects of a cold load pickup on the distribution circuit com ponents The results of the analytical method developed in the paper were compared to those from a computer simulation for a seven house sample shows the comparison In the simulation, the electrical space heating load, Pv was smoothed by low pass filtering Several useful features of the method are worth emphasizing 1 Given the proper data base, the calculation is relatively simple Determination of the residential random variable statistics and numerical evaluation of the partial derivatives to use in the equations can be done without a large computer 2 Because the exponential decay constants, tr and rr are defined in terms of the statistics of the residential random variables, it is only necessary to collect data from a representative sample of the residences 3 For most applications, sufficient accuracy is obtained if judicious estimates of the residential random variable statistics are used rather than making a direct calculation Toward this end, the variables have been defined to have a definite physical significance Note, however, that the means and variances of these variables are weighted Fortunately the weighting function is only slightly correlated with two of the variables, £ and X, so the weighting can be neglected in their cases X is called the outage seventy ratio It is simply the ratio of actual temperature differential between the thermostat setting and the outside ambient to the ASHRAE recommended differential for heat loss calculations Since thermostat settings fall into a narrow range and the outside ambient is specified, the mean of £ can be estimated easily X is the residential, first order, heat transfer long time constant The dependence on residential size tends to cancel in X In other words, values of X could be associated with prevailing types of construction for the purpose of estimating X's mean and variance X is easily determined experimentally by observing the thermal decay of a residence over a several hour period Note also that, of the three residential random variables, X has the least influence on tr and rr To summarize, the residential random variables are defined as described to facilitate the estimation of their means and variances
Page 1. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. PWRS-2, No. 3, August 1987 Computer-Aided Testin... more Page 1. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. PWRS-2, No. 3, August 1987 Computer-Aided Testing of Electrical Machines: Software Development Max D. Anderson, SeniorMember Steven A. Hauk Abstract Computer-aided ...
Page 1. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. PWRS-2, No. 3, August 1987 Computer-Aided Testin... more Page 1. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. PWRS-2, No. 3, August 1987 Computer-Aided Testing of Electrical Machines: Software Development Max D. Anderson, SeniorMember Steven A. Hauk Abstract Computer-aided ...
IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1982
After an extended cold weather outage on a distribution circuit supplying a high saturation of el... more After an extended cold weather outage on a distribution circuit supplying a high saturation of electrical space heating, large transient overcurrents persist for several hours because of the undiversified heating load In this paper, the electrical space heating component of enduring demand is characterized by a smooth curve Expressions are derived for the parameters of the curve in terms of the outage conditions and a statistical description of the residences A method is suggested for using this characterization to determine the effects of a cold load pickup on the distribution circuit com ponents The results of the analytical method developed in the paper were compared to those from a computer simulation for a seven house sample shows the comparison In the simulation, the electrical space heating load, Pv was smoothed by low pass filtering Several useful features of the method are worth emphasizing 1 Given the proper data base, the calculation is relatively simple Determination of the residential random variable statistics and numerical evaluation of the partial derivatives to use in the equations can be done without a large computer 2 Because the exponential decay constants, tr and rr are defined in terms of the statistics of the residential random variables, it is only necessary to collect data from a representative sample of the residences 3 For most applications, sufficient accuracy is obtained if judicious estimates of the residential random variable statistics are used rather than making a direct calculation Toward this end, the variables have been defined to have a definite physical significance Note, however, that the means and variances of these variables are weighted Fortunately the weighting function is only slightly correlated with two of the variables, £ and X, so the weighting can be neglected in their cases X is called the outage seventy ratio It is simply the ratio of actual temperature differential between the thermostat setting and the outside ambient to the ASHRAE recommended differential for heat loss calculations Since thermostat settings fall into a narrow range and the outside ambient is specified, the mean of £ can be estimated easily X is the residential, first order, heat transfer long time constant The dependence on residential size tends to cancel in X In other words, values of X could be associated with prevailing types of construction for the purpose of estimating X's mean and variance X is easily determined experimentally by observing the thermal decay of a residence over a several hour period Note also that, of the three residential random variables, X has the least influence on tr and rr To summarize, the residential random variables are defined as described to facilitate the estimation of their means and variances
A real-time data base for power system monitoring and control must provide an accurate and reliab... more A real-time data base for power system monitoring and control must provide an accurate and reliable representation of the system state, based on the available measurements, indications and network parameters. The well-established method for achieving this goal is static state estimation, which calculates a best fit of the measurements onto the network model. A new approach is pro¬ posed in this paper, wherein state calculation and data validation are performed by a sequential search through the network graph. It is shown that data validation can be achieved without the usual data fitting. The technique requires modest computing times and fea¬ tures novel properties for bad data identification. The method has been implemented and tested on several standard network models. Once data validation is completed, static state estimation may be performed if a best fit of the measurements is desired.
IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1981
Comparing eq. (8) witheq. (9), the value kN in LFT would be smaller than the value 2(77£>7~)/log1... more Comparing eq. (8) witheq. (9), the value kN in LFT would be smaller than the value 2(77£>7~)/log102 in FFT at the ordinary wide-time do¬ main calculation.
graphies terminals) can presently be supported. Portions of the package have also been successful... more graphies terminals) can presently be supported. Portions of the package have also been successfully run on an IBM PC.
Battery energy storage systems, comprising lead-acid batteries, power conversion systems, and con... more Battery energy storage systems, comprising lead-acid batteries, power conversion systems, and control systems, are used by three main groups: power generating utilities, power distributing utilities, and major power consumers (such as electric furnace foundries). The principal advantages of battery energy storage systems to generating utilities include load leveling, frequency control, spinning reserve, modular construction, convenient siting, no emissions, and investment deferral for new generation and transmission equipment. Power distributing utilities and major power consumers can avoid costly demand changes by discharging their batteries at peak periods and then recharging with lower cost off-peak power (say, at night). Battery energy storage systems are most cost effective when designed for discharge periods of less than 5 h; other systems (for example, pumped water storage) are better suited for longer discharges. It is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be a potential need for 4000 MW of battery energy storage. New construction of five plants totaling 100 MW is presently scheduled for completion by the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority between 1992 and 1995.
Page 1. Backward time analog computer solutions of optimum control problems by MAX D. ANDERSON Au... more Page 1. Backward time analog computer solutions of optimum control problems by MAX D. ANDERSON Autonetics Division, North American Aviation Anaheim, California and SOMESHWAR C. GUPTA Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona INTRODUCTION ...
Page 1. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 13, No. 4, November 31998 1205 PowerGraf: An Edu... more Page 1. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 13, No. 4, November 31998 1205 PowerGraf: An Educational Software Package for Power Systems Analysis and Design Jian Yang, Student Member, IEEE Max D Anderson ...
Power Engineering Society, IEEE Winter Meeting, 1999
With the separate pricing of generation and transmission, it has become necessary to find the cap... more With the separate pricing of generation and transmission, it has become necessary to find the capacity usage of different transactions occuring at the same time so that a fair use-of-transmission-system charge can be given separately to individual customers. It is also helpful to transmission congestion management if the power produced by each generator and consumed by each load could be tracked through the network, The existing proportional sharing and circuits based methods, and the newly developed power flow comparison method are introduced and compared in this paper. Calculations are illustrated in an example 6-bus power system. The new power flow comparison method and the existing proportional sharing method are also tested on the IEEE 57-bus system to show their capabilities. The power flow comparison method offers more alternatives in using available transmission capacity and pricing line flows, and provides the user with sensitivity information on how proposed corrections will affect the flows in other critical lines
Page 1. 824 IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 14, No. 3, September 1999 ECONOMIC DISPA... more Page 1. 824 IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 14, No. 3, September 1999 ECONOMIC DISPATCH AND OPTIMAL SIZING OF BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS IN UTILITY LOAD-LEVELING OPERATIONS ...
Battery energy storage systems, comprising lead-acid batteries, power conversion systems, and con... more Battery energy storage systems, comprising lead-acid batteries, power conversion systems, and control systems, are in commercial operation around the world. They are used by three main groups: power generating utilities; power distributing utilities; and major power consumers (such as electric furnace foundries). The principal advantages of battety energy storage systems to generating utilities include: load leveling: frequency control; spinning re-.\erve; modular construction; convenient siting; no emissions; and investment deferral for new generation and transmission equipment. Power distributing utilities and major power consumers can avoid costly demand changes by discharging their batteries Lit peak periods and then recharging with lowjer cost off-peak power (say, at night). Battery energy storage systems are most cost effective when designed for discharge periods qf less than 5 I!; other systems (for example, pumped water storage) are better Juited for longer discharges. It is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be a potential need for 4000 MW of' battery c'nergy storage. New construction of five plants totaling 100 MW is presently scheduled for completion by the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority between 1992 and 1995.
After an extended cold weather outage on a distribution circuit supplying a high saturation of el... more After an extended cold weather outage on a distribution circuit supplying a high saturation of electrical space heating, large transient overcurrents persist for several hours because of the undiversified heating load In this paper, the electrical space heating component of enduring demand is characterized by a smooth curve Expressions are derived for the parameters of the curve in terms of the outage conditions and a statistical description of the residences A method is suggested for using this characterization to determine the effects of a cold load pickup on the distribution circuit com ponents The results of the analytical method developed in the paper were compared to those from a computer simulation for a seven house sample shows the comparison In the simulation, the electrical space heating load, Pv was smoothed by low pass filtering Several useful features of the method are worth emphasizing 1 Given the proper data base, the calculation is relatively simple Determination of the residential random variable statistics and numerical evaluation of the partial derivatives to use in the equations can be done without a large computer 2 Because the exponential decay constants, tr and rr are defined in terms of the statistics of the residential random variables, it is only necessary to collect data from a representative sample of the residences 3 For most applications, sufficient accuracy is obtained if judicious estimates of the residential random variable statistics are used rather than making a direct calculation Toward this end, the variables have been defined to have a definite physical significance Note, however, that the means and variances of these variables are weighted Fortunately the weighting function is only slightly correlated with two of the variables, £ and X, so the weighting can be neglected in their cases X is called the outage seventy ratio It is simply the ratio of actual temperature differential between the thermostat setting and the outside ambient to the ASHRAE recommended differential for heat loss calculations Since thermostat settings fall into a narrow range and the outside ambient is specified, the mean of £ can be estimated easily X is the residential, first order, heat transfer long time constant The dependence on residential size tends to cancel in X In other words, values of X could be associated with prevailing types of construction for the purpose of estimating X's mean and variance X is easily determined experimentally by observing the thermal decay of a residence over a several hour period Note also that, of the three residential random variables, X has the least influence on tr and rr To summarize, the residential random variables are defined as described to facilitate the estimation of their means and variances
Page 1. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. PWRS-2, No. 3, August 1987 Computer-Aided Testin... more Page 1. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. PWRS-2, No. 3, August 1987 Computer-Aided Testing of Electrical Machines: Software Development Max D. Anderson, SeniorMember Steven A. Hauk Abstract Computer-aided ...
Page 1. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. PWRS-2, No. 3, August 1987 Computer-Aided Testin... more Page 1. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. PWRS-2, No. 3, August 1987 Computer-Aided Testing of Electrical Machines: Software Development Max D. Anderson, SeniorMember Steven A. Hauk Abstract Computer-aided ...
IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1982
After an extended cold weather outage on a distribution circuit supplying a high saturation of el... more After an extended cold weather outage on a distribution circuit supplying a high saturation of electrical space heating, large transient overcurrents persist for several hours because of the undiversified heating load In this paper, the electrical space heating component of enduring demand is characterized by a smooth curve Expressions are derived for the parameters of the curve in terms of the outage conditions and a statistical description of the residences A method is suggested for using this characterization to determine the effects of a cold load pickup on the distribution circuit com ponents The results of the analytical method developed in the paper were compared to those from a computer simulation for a seven house sample shows the comparison In the simulation, the electrical space heating load, Pv was smoothed by low pass filtering Several useful features of the method are worth emphasizing 1 Given the proper data base, the calculation is relatively simple Determination of the residential random variable statistics and numerical evaluation of the partial derivatives to use in the equations can be done without a large computer 2 Because the exponential decay constants, tr and rr are defined in terms of the statistics of the residential random variables, it is only necessary to collect data from a representative sample of the residences 3 For most applications, sufficient accuracy is obtained if judicious estimates of the residential random variable statistics are used rather than making a direct calculation Toward this end, the variables have been defined to have a definite physical significance Note, however, that the means and variances of these variables are weighted Fortunately the weighting function is only slightly correlated with two of the variables, £ and X, so the weighting can be neglected in their cases X is called the outage seventy ratio It is simply the ratio of actual temperature differential between the thermostat setting and the outside ambient to the ASHRAE recommended differential for heat loss calculations Since thermostat settings fall into a narrow range and the outside ambient is specified, the mean of £ can be estimated easily X is the residential, first order, heat transfer long time constant The dependence on residential size tends to cancel in X In other words, values of X could be associated with prevailing types of construction for the purpose of estimating X's mean and variance X is easily determined experimentally by observing the thermal decay of a residence over a several hour period Note also that, of the three residential random variables, X has the least influence on tr and rr To summarize, the residential random variables are defined as described to facilitate the estimation of their means and variances
A real-time data base for power system monitoring and control must provide an accurate and reliab... more A real-time data base for power system monitoring and control must provide an accurate and reliable representation of the system state, based on the available measurements, indications and network parameters. The well-established method for achieving this goal is static state estimation, which calculates a best fit of the measurements onto the network model. A new approach is pro¬ posed in this paper, wherein state calculation and data validation are performed by a sequential search through the network graph. It is shown that data validation can be achieved without the usual data fitting. The technique requires modest computing times and fea¬ tures novel properties for bad data identification. The method has been implemented and tested on several standard network models. Once data validation is completed, static state estimation may be performed if a best fit of the measurements is desired.
IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1981
Comparing eq. (8) witheq. (9), the value kN in LFT would be smaller than the value 2(77£>7~)/log1... more Comparing eq. (8) witheq. (9), the value kN in LFT would be smaller than the value 2(77£>7~)/log102 in FFT at the ordinary wide-time do¬ main calculation.
graphies terminals) can presently be supported. Portions of the package have also been successful... more graphies terminals) can presently be supported. Portions of the package have also been successfully run on an IBM PC.
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