Three age groups of participants (6Á8 years, 9Á11 years, adults) performed two tasks: A face reco... more Three age groups of participants (6Á8 years, 9Á11 years, adults) performed two tasks: A face recognition task and a Garner task. In the face recognition task, the participants were presented with 20 faces and then had to recognize them among 20 new faces. In the Garner tasks, the participants had to sort, as fast as possible, the photographs of two persons expressing two emotions by taking into account only one of the two dimensions (identity or emotion). When the sorting task was on one dimension, the other dimension was varied either in a correlated, a constant or an orthogonal way in distinct subsessions. The results indicated an increase in face recognition abilities. They also showed an interference of identity in the emotionsorting task that was similar in the three age groups. Nevertheless, an interference of emotion in the identity-sorting task was significant only for the children and was more important for the youngest group. These observations suggest that the development in face recognition ability rests on the development of the ability to attend selectively to identity, without paying attention to emotional facial expression.
The present study looks at whether 4-month-old infants explore upright and upsidedown faces in th... more The present study looks at whether 4-month-old infants explore upright and upsidedown faces in the same way. Infants were habituated with an upright or an upside-down face.
This study investigated children's perceptual ability to process second-order facial relations. I... more This study investigated children's perceptual ability to process second-order facial relations. In total, 78 children in three age groups (7, 9, and 11 years) and 28 adults were asked to say whether the eyes were the same distance apart in two side-by-side faces. The two faces were similar on all points except the space between the eyes, which was either the same or different, with various degrees of difference. The results showed that the smallest eye spacing children were able to discriminate decreased with age. This ability was sensitive to face orientation (upright or upsidedown), and this inversion effect increased with age. It is concluded here that, despite early sensitivity to configural/holistic information, the perceptual ability to process second-order relations in faces improves with age and constrains the development of the face recognition ability. jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.co m/locate/jecp (2002) distinguished three types of configural information: first-order relations (relative position of features, e.g., eyes above the nose), second-order relations (fine spatial information, e.g., distance between features), and holistic information (features perceived as a single gestalt). Configural processing is distinguished from featural, componential, or local processing, with features being processed in a piecemeal or analytic way.
The development of children's ability to recognize facial emotions and the role of conWgural info... more The development of children's ability to recognize facial emotions and the role of conWgural information in this development were investigated. In the study, 100 5-, 7-, 9-, and 11-year-olds and 26 adults needed to recognize the emotion displayed by upright and upside-down faces. The same participants needed to recognize the emotion displayed by the top half of an upright or upside-down face that was or was not aligned with a bottom half that displayed another emotion. The results showed that the ability to recognize facial emotion develops with age, with a developmental course that depends on the emotion to be recognized. Moreover, children at all ages and adults exhibited both an inversion eVect and a composite eVect, suggesting that children rely on conWgural information to recognize facial emotions.
Three age groups of participants (6Á8 years, 9Á11 years, adults) performed two tasks: A face reco... more Three age groups of participants (6Á8 years, 9Á11 years, adults) performed two tasks: A face recognition task and a Garner task. In the face recognition task, the participants were presented with 20 faces and then had to recognize them among 20 new faces. In the Garner tasks, the participants had to sort, as fast as possible, the photographs of two persons expressing two emotions by taking into account only one of the two dimensions (identity or emotion). When the sorting task was on one dimension, the other dimension was varied either in a correlated, a constant or an orthogonal way in distinct subsessions. The results indicated an increase in face recognition abilities. They also showed an interference of identity in the emotionsorting task that was similar in the three age groups. Nevertheless, an interference of emotion in the identity-sorting task was significant only for the children and was more important for the youngest group. These observations suggest that the development in face recognition ability rests on the development of the ability to attend selectively to identity, without paying attention to emotional facial expression.
Navigating complex routes and finding objects of interest are challenging tasks for the visually ... more Navigating complex routes and finding objects of interest are challenging tasks for the visually impaired. The project NAVIG (Navigation Assisted by artificial VIsion and GNSS) is directed toward increasing personal autonomy via a virtual augmented reality system. The system integrates an adapted geographic information system with different classes of objects useful for improving route selection and guidance. The database also includes models of important geolocated objects that may be detected by real-time embedded vision algorithms. Object localization (relative to the user) may serve both global positioning and sensorimotor actions such as heading, grasping, or piloting. The user is guided to his desired destination through spatialized semantic audio rendering, always maintained in the head-centered reference frame. This paper presents the overall project design and architecture of the NAVIG system. In addition, details of a new type of detection and localization device are presented. This approach combines a bio-inspired vision system that can recognize and locate objects very quickly and a 3D sound rendering system that is able to perceptually position a sound at the location of the recognized object. This system was developed in relation to guidance directives developed through participative design with potential users and educators for the visually impaired.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2006
Two experiments were carried out to study the role of gender category in evaluations of face dist... more Two experiments were carried out to study the role of gender category in evaluations of face distinctiveness.In Experiment 1, participants had to evaluate the distinctiveness and the femininitymasculinityof real or artificial composite faces. The composite faces were created by blending either faces of thesame gender (sexed composite faces, approximating the sexed prototypes) or faces of both genders(nonsexed composite faces, approximating the face prototype). The results show that the distinctivenessratings decreased as the number of blended faces increased. Distinctiveness and gender ratings did notcovary for real faces or sexed composite faces, but they did vary for nonsexed composite faces. InExperiment 2, participants were asked to state which of two composite faces, one sexed and onenonsexed, was more distinctive. Sexed composite faces were selected less often. The results areinterpreted as indicating that distinctiveness is based on sexed prototypes. Implications for face recognition models are discussed.
This study investigated children's perceptual ability to process second-order facial relations. I... more This study investigated children's perceptual ability to process second-order facial relations. In total, 78 children in three age groups (7, 9, and 11 years) and 28 adults were asked to say whether the eyes were the same distance apart in two side-by-side faces. The two faces were similar on all points except the space between the eyes, which was either the same or different, with various degrees of difference. The results showed that the smallest eye spacing children were able to discriminate decreased with age. This ability was sensitive to face orientation (upright or upsidedown), and this inversion effect increased with age. It is concluded here that, despite early sensitivity to configural/holistic information, the perceptual ability to process second-order relations in faces improves with age and constrains the development of the face recognition ability. jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.co m/locate/jecp (2002) distinguished three types of configural information: first-order relations (relative position of features, e.g., eyes above the nose), second-order relations (fine spatial information, e.g., distance between features), and holistic information (features perceived as a single gestalt). Configural processing is distinguished from featural, componential, or local processing, with features being processed in a piecemeal or analytic way.
The development of children's ability to recognize facial emotions and the role of conWgural info... more The development of children's ability to recognize facial emotions and the role of conWgural information in this development were investigated. In the study, 100 5-, 7-, 9-, and 11-year-olds and 26 adults needed to recognize the emotion displayed by upright and upside-down faces. The same participants needed to recognize the emotion displayed by the top half of an upright or upside-down face that was or was not aligned with a bottom half that displayed another emotion. The results showed that the ability to recognize facial emotion develops with age, with a developmental course that depends on the emotion to be recognized. Moreover, children at all ages and adults exhibited both an inversion eVect and a composite eVect, suggesting that children rely on conWgural information to recognize facial emotions.
The present study looks at whether 4-month-old infants explore upright and upsidedown faces in th... more The present study looks at whether 4-month-old infants explore upright and upsidedown faces in the same way. Infants were habituated with an upright or an upside-down face.
Three age groups of participants (6Á8 years, 9Á11 years, adults) performed two tasks: A face reco... more Three age groups of participants (6Á8 years, 9Á11 years, adults) performed two tasks: A face recognition task and a Garner task. In the face recognition task, the participants were presented with 20 faces and then had to recognize them among 20 new faces. In the Garner tasks, the participants had to sort, as fast as possible, the photographs of two persons expressing two emotions by taking into account only one of the two dimensions (identity or emotion). When the sorting task was on one dimension, the other dimension was varied either in a correlated, a constant or an orthogonal way in distinct subsessions. The results indicated an increase in face recognition abilities. They also showed an interference of identity in the emotionsorting task that was similar in the three age groups. Nevertheless, an interference of emotion in the identity-sorting task was significant only for the children and was more important for the youngest group. These observations suggest that the development in face recognition ability rests on the development of the ability to attend selectively to identity, without paying attention to emotional facial expression.
The present study looks at whether 4-month-old infants explore upright and upsidedown faces in th... more The present study looks at whether 4-month-old infants explore upright and upsidedown faces in the same way. Infants were habituated with an upright or an upside-down face.
This study investigated children's perceptual ability to process second-order facial relations. I... more This study investigated children's perceptual ability to process second-order facial relations. In total, 78 children in three age groups (7, 9, and 11 years) and 28 adults were asked to say whether the eyes were the same distance apart in two side-by-side faces. The two faces were similar on all points except the space between the eyes, which was either the same or different, with various degrees of difference. The results showed that the smallest eye spacing children were able to discriminate decreased with age. This ability was sensitive to face orientation (upright or upsidedown), and this inversion effect increased with age. It is concluded here that, despite early sensitivity to configural/holistic information, the perceptual ability to process second-order relations in faces improves with age and constrains the development of the face recognition ability. jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.co m/locate/jecp (2002) distinguished three types of configural information: first-order relations (relative position of features, e.g., eyes above the nose), second-order relations (fine spatial information, e.g., distance between features), and holistic information (features perceived as a single gestalt). Configural processing is distinguished from featural, componential, or local processing, with features being processed in a piecemeal or analytic way.
The development of children's ability to recognize facial emotions and the role of conWgural info... more The development of children's ability to recognize facial emotions and the role of conWgural information in this development were investigated. In the study, 100 5-, 7-, 9-, and 11-year-olds and 26 adults needed to recognize the emotion displayed by upright and upside-down faces. The same participants needed to recognize the emotion displayed by the top half of an upright or upside-down face that was or was not aligned with a bottom half that displayed another emotion. The results showed that the ability to recognize facial emotion develops with age, with a developmental course that depends on the emotion to be recognized. Moreover, children at all ages and adults exhibited both an inversion eVect and a composite eVect, suggesting that children rely on conWgural information to recognize facial emotions.
Three age groups of participants (6Á8 years, 9Á11 years, adults) performed two tasks: A face reco... more Three age groups of participants (6Á8 years, 9Á11 years, adults) performed two tasks: A face recognition task and a Garner task. In the face recognition task, the participants were presented with 20 faces and then had to recognize them among 20 new faces. In the Garner tasks, the participants had to sort, as fast as possible, the photographs of two persons expressing two emotions by taking into account only one of the two dimensions (identity or emotion). When the sorting task was on one dimension, the other dimension was varied either in a correlated, a constant or an orthogonal way in distinct subsessions. The results indicated an increase in face recognition abilities. They also showed an interference of identity in the emotionsorting task that was similar in the three age groups. Nevertheless, an interference of emotion in the identity-sorting task was significant only for the children and was more important for the youngest group. These observations suggest that the development in face recognition ability rests on the development of the ability to attend selectively to identity, without paying attention to emotional facial expression.
Navigating complex routes and finding objects of interest are challenging tasks for the visually ... more Navigating complex routes and finding objects of interest are challenging tasks for the visually impaired. The project NAVIG (Navigation Assisted by artificial VIsion and GNSS) is directed toward increasing personal autonomy via a virtual augmented reality system. The system integrates an adapted geographic information system with different classes of objects useful for improving route selection and guidance. The database also includes models of important geolocated objects that may be detected by real-time embedded vision algorithms. Object localization (relative to the user) may serve both global positioning and sensorimotor actions such as heading, grasping, or piloting. The user is guided to his desired destination through spatialized semantic audio rendering, always maintained in the head-centered reference frame. This paper presents the overall project design and architecture of the NAVIG system. In addition, details of a new type of detection and localization device are presented. This approach combines a bio-inspired vision system that can recognize and locate objects very quickly and a 3D sound rendering system that is able to perceptually position a sound at the location of the recognized object. This system was developed in relation to guidance directives developed through participative design with potential users and educators for the visually impaired.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2006
Two experiments were carried out to study the role of gender category in evaluations of face dist... more Two experiments were carried out to study the role of gender category in evaluations of face distinctiveness.In Experiment 1, participants had to evaluate the distinctiveness and the femininitymasculinityof real or artificial composite faces. The composite faces were created by blending either faces of thesame gender (sexed composite faces, approximating the sexed prototypes) or faces of both genders(nonsexed composite faces, approximating the face prototype). The results show that the distinctivenessratings decreased as the number of blended faces increased. Distinctiveness and gender ratings did notcovary for real faces or sexed composite faces, but they did vary for nonsexed composite faces. InExperiment 2, participants were asked to state which of two composite faces, one sexed and onenonsexed, was more distinctive. Sexed composite faces were selected less often. The results areinterpreted as indicating that distinctiveness is based on sexed prototypes. Implications for face recognition models are discussed.
This study investigated children's perceptual ability to process second-order facial relations. I... more This study investigated children's perceptual ability to process second-order facial relations. In total, 78 children in three age groups (7, 9, and 11 years) and 28 adults were asked to say whether the eyes were the same distance apart in two side-by-side faces. The two faces were similar on all points except the space between the eyes, which was either the same or different, with various degrees of difference. The results showed that the smallest eye spacing children were able to discriminate decreased with age. This ability was sensitive to face orientation (upright or upsidedown), and this inversion effect increased with age. It is concluded here that, despite early sensitivity to configural/holistic information, the perceptual ability to process second-order relations in faces improves with age and constrains the development of the face recognition ability. jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.co m/locate/jecp (2002) distinguished three types of configural information: first-order relations (relative position of features, e.g., eyes above the nose), second-order relations (fine spatial information, e.g., distance between features), and holistic information (features perceived as a single gestalt). Configural processing is distinguished from featural, componential, or local processing, with features being processed in a piecemeal or analytic way.
The development of children's ability to recognize facial emotions and the role of conWgural info... more The development of children's ability to recognize facial emotions and the role of conWgural information in this development were investigated. In the study, 100 5-, 7-, 9-, and 11-year-olds and 26 adults needed to recognize the emotion displayed by upright and upside-down faces. The same participants needed to recognize the emotion displayed by the top half of an upright or upside-down face that was or was not aligned with a bottom half that displayed another emotion. The results showed that the ability to recognize facial emotion develops with age, with a developmental course that depends on the emotion to be recognized. Moreover, children at all ages and adults exhibited both an inversion eVect and a composite eVect, suggesting that children rely on conWgural information to recognize facial emotions.
The present study looks at whether 4-month-old infants explore upright and upsidedown faces in th... more The present study looks at whether 4-month-old infants explore upright and upsidedown faces in the same way. Infants were habituated with an upright or an upside-down face.
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Papers by Mathieu Gallay