Germine Mary

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Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science, Fatima College, Madurai. Has twenty seven years of teaching and eight years of research experience. Has great zeal for teaching. Her research interest includes Information Security, Visual Cryptography, Image Compression and Image segmentation. Has published fourteen papers in International Journals and Proceedings. She has also served as reviewer of Peer reviewed International Journals

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Journal of Computer Science IJCSIS

Richu Shibu

IJERT Journal

IRJET Journal

Alaa Jabbar Qasim ALmaliki

University Utara Malaysia

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Papers by Germine Mary

Lossless Compression of VC Shares in RGB Color Space

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, Apr 30, 2017

Visual Cryptography is a special encryption technique to hide information in images in such a way... more

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High level Multimedia Security by incorporatingSteganography and Visual Cryptography

The recent growth of networked multimedia systems has increased the need for the protection of di... more The recent growth of networked multimedia systems has increased the need for the protection of digital media. Multimedia security is a form of content-based protection.The content may be comprised of multiple forms of media such as audio, image, video, text and graphics in an assorted variety of digital formats.Many approaches are available for protecting digital data; these include Cryptography, Steganography, Watermarking, Digital Signature etc.A novel approach is proposed for multimedia data security by integrating Steganography and Visual Cryptography with the goal of improving security, reliability, and efficiency; because there will be always new kinds of threats in the field of information hiding. The aim of this paper is to propose a method to hide and share multiple multimedia data in an efficient and secured way.The proposed secret sharing process includes 3 phases: Encryption, Steganography and Visual Cryptography (VC). The first phase encrypts the secret message to be co...

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Compression of Visual Cryptography Shares Authenticated using QR Code

Visual Cryptography is a Secret Image Sharing scheme which conceals a secret image into two or mo... more Visual Cryptography is a Secret Image Sharing scheme which conceals a secret image into two or more images called shares. These shares are meaningless images and look like random dots. The secret image is recovered by stacking the shares. This paper proposes a novel method to authenticate so that only shares from authorized users are combined to reveal the secret image. This is done by first embedding QR Code (abbreviated from Quick Response Code) into the secret image, followed by the creation of shares. The original secret image is not affected as we embed the QR Code in non-region of interest. If a modified share or unauthorized share is superimposed on to the original share, the embedded QR Code cannot be read / retrieved from the resultant image. This signifies that one of the shares is not an authorized one. In VC the reconstructed image, encounter a major problem of pixel expansion. This is also solved in the proposed method by compressing the shares using a hybrid method tha...

Application of Ant Colony Optimization for Enhancement of Visual Cryptography Images

Intelligent Systems Reference Library, 2018

Visual Cryptography is a method that shows the idea of maintaining secrecy by concealing secrets ... more Visual Cryptography is a method that shows the idea of maintaining secrecy by concealing secrets in images. An image may be separated into k shares that can be stacked together to recover the first image approximately. This secret sharing scheme enables distribution of a secret amongst n persons, such that only predefined approved persons will be able to recreate the secret. In Visual Cryptography, the secret can be remade visually by superimposing shares. One of the fundamental disadvantage of conventional Visual Cryptography is the pixel expansion, where every pixel is substituted by m sub-pixels in each share that results in the loss of resolution. Thus enhancing the visual nature of Visual Cryptography is a generally researched area. The proposed technique improves the visual quality and resolution of Visual Cryptography utilizing the Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm and it takes into account a wide range of images, color and also gray. The proposed technique builds the quality...

Effective and secured visual cryptography using nature inspired algorithms

Application of Ant Colony Optimization for Enhancement of Visual Cryptography Images

Intelligent Systems Reference Library, 2018

Application of Genetic Algorithm for Enhanced and Secured Transmission of Secret Images

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2017

This The recent and rapid developments in imaging and communication technologies have resulted in... more This The recent and rapid developments in imaging and communication technologies have resulted in a mass generation and transmission of digital images, eventually increasing its number of applications in almost all fields like remote sensing, medicine, agriculture, forensics, defense etc. This demands effective and secure transmission of images over the networks as information is prone to vulnerable threats online. The proposed algorithm guarantees highly secure transmission of secret information in the form of images using Visual Cryptography. Visual cryptography provides a very powerful technique by which a secret image is distributed into two or more shares. These shares are meaningless images and look like random dots. At the point when the shares on transparencies are superimposed precisely together, the original secret can be found without the utilization of computer. One of the main drawbacks of traditional Visual Cryptography is the pixel expansion, where each pixel is represented using m pixels in each resulting shares. The parameter m is known as the pixel expansion. This pixel expansion results in a loss of resolution. The restored secret image has a resolution lower than that of the original secret image. The proposed method enhances the visual quality and resolution of visual cryptography using the genetic algorithm. A Genetic algorithm is an optimization technique based on natural selection, the process that drives biological evolution. GA enhancement is applied to VC shares created in RGB and CMY color space. The proposed method increases the clarity, enhances the degree of detail, improves the contrast, increases the average information content, PSNR value and at the same time maintaining the security of the secret image.

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Particle Swarm Optimization Based Image Enhancement of Visual Cryptography Shares

Studies in Computational Intelligence, 2016

Due to the rapid growth of digital communication and multimedia applications, security becomes an... more Due to the rapid growth of digital communication and multimedia applications, security becomes an important issue of communication and storage of images. Visual Cryptography is used to hide information in images; a special encryption technique where encrypted image can be decrypted by the human visual system. Due to pixel expansion the resolution of the decrypted image diminishes. The visual perception of a decrypted image can be enhanced by subjecting the VC shares to Particle Swarm Optimization based image enhancement technique. This improves the quality and sharpness of the image considerably. Suitable fitness function can be applied to optimize problems of large dimensions producing quality solutions rapidly. Results of the proposed technique are compared with other recent image enhancement techniques to prove its effectiveness qualitatively and quantitatively. The proposed algorithm guarantees highly safe, secure, quick and quality transmission of the secret image with no mathematical operation needed to reveal the secret.

Compression of VC Shares

International Journal of Computational Science and Information Technology, 2016

Visual Cryptography (VC) schemes conceal the secret image into two or more images which are calle... more Visual Cryptography (VC) schemes conceal the secret image into two or more images which are called shares. The secret image can be recovered simply by stacking the shares together.In VC the reconstructed image after decryption process encounter a major problem of Pixel expansion. This is overcome in this proposed method by minimizing the memory size using lossless image compression techniques. The shares are compressed using Vector Quantization followed by Run Length Encoding methods and are converted to few bits. Decompression is done by applying decoding procedure and the shares are overlapped to view the secret image.

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MSKS for Data Hiding and Retrieval using Visual Cryptography

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2014

Secret message in the form of image can be concealed into two or more images in Visual Cryptograp... more Secret message in the form of image can be concealed into two or more images in Visual Cryptography (VC) schemes. The secret image can be recovered simply by stacking the shares together without any complex computation involved. The shares do not reveal any information about the secret image if they are viewed separately. In this paper, a color visual cryptography scheme using a combination of Meaningful Shares (MS) and a Key Share (KS) is proposed. These MS will not provoke the attention of hackers. The proposed scheme makes use of the XOR operation to create KS from the MS and secret image. The secret image can be decrypted by stacking the n-1 meaningful shares and key shares together by performing XOR operation. Experimental results show that the new scheme is perfectly applicable and achieves a high two level security.

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Multilevel Multimedia Security by Integrating Visual Cryptography and Steganography Techniques

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2015

Multimedia security facilitates the protection of information in multiple forms of digital data s... more Multimedia security facilitates the protection of information in multiple forms of digital data such as text, image, audio and video. Many approaches are available for protecting digital data; these include Cryptography, Steganography, and Watermarking etc. A novel approach is proposed for multimedia data security by integrating Steganography and Visual Cryptography (VC) with the goal of improving security, reliability and efficiency. The proposed technique consists of two phases. The first phase is used to hide the message dynamically in an Cover Image1 by changing the number of bits hidden in RGB channels based on the indicator value. VC schemes conceal the Cover Image2 into two or more images which are called shares. In the second phase two shares are created from a Cover Image2 and the stego image created in the first phase is hidden in these two shares. The shares are safe as they reveal nothing about the multimedia content. The Cover Image2, stego image and the hidden message can be recovered from the shares without involving any complex computation. Experimental results show that the new scheme is simple and retrieves many multimedia contents and accomplishes a high level of security.

Lossless Compression of VC Shares in RGB Color Space

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, Apr 30, 2017

Visual Cryptography is a special encryption technique to hide information in images in such a way... more

Download

High level Multimedia Security by incorporatingSteganography and Visual Cryptography

Download

Compression of Visual Cryptography Shares Authenticated using QR Code

Application of Ant Colony Optimization for Enhancement of Visual Cryptography Images

Intelligent Systems Reference Library, 2018

Effective and secured visual cryptography using nature inspired algorithms

Application of Ant Colony Optimization for Enhancement of Visual Cryptography Images

Intelligent Systems Reference Library, 2018

Application of Genetic Algorithm for Enhanced and Secured Transmission of Secret Images

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2017

Download

Particle Swarm Optimization Based Image Enhancement of Visual Cryptography Shares

Studies in Computational Intelligence, 2016

Compression of VC Shares

International Journal of Computational Science and Information Technology, 2016

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MSKS for Data Hiding and Retrieval using Visual Cryptography

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2014

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Multilevel Multimedia Security by Integrating Visual Cryptography and Steganography Techniques

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2015

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