The editors' stated goal of The International Handbook of Creativity was to present a genuinely i... more The editors' stated goal of The International Handbook of Creativity was to present a genuinely international and diverse set of perspectives and insights into the psychology of human creativity. As such, they assembled a renowned cast of scholars from around the globe and had them prepare chapters that cover both historical and contemporary glimpses into creativity research and theory. The resulting volume not only gives readers access to North American and English-speaking flavors of creativity history and research, but crisscrosses the globe to share Western European (i.e., French,
Number 10, Summer 1991 "select all" and copy it to the clipboard with Command-C (38 C>. You can n... more Number 10, Summer 1991 "select all" and copy it to the clipboard with Command-C (38 C>. You can now exit Sigmn Edit, and, using paste, dump the text into Textmnker using Command-V (3€ V). When in TL'xtmnki!r click on the Do lllustrator button and save your file (perhaps with a unique extension such as "xxx.illu to mark it as an 11/rtslrntor file). You can now open it from within ll/11strntor as you would an ordinary lllustralor document. (If you prefer to work in FreeHn11d, save the ll/11strator document as an Adobe 1.1 file, quit l/111slralor and open your 1.1 file from Frei•Hnmf.) The Temple Cart Lab recommends 1..ceping the names off to one side of your map and grabbmg them as needed for placement on the map. ln summary, Tcxlmnker is an easy to use and straightforward way of converting text done ma \.Vordprocessing package into something that 11/ustrntor or Freehand can handle. While 1l ca nnot handle formatting or editing at this time, these operations can be performed in your word processor or in t1111slrntor/ FreeHn11d without too much trouble. Cartographers\\ ho wish lo obtain Tcxtmaker can download it from the publicly available Macintosh archi\•cs maintained at Stanford. You will need to "anonymous" FTP to sumex-aim.stanford.edu and change directories to the info-mac/ card directory and download it usmg "get." The file will be in bmhex format and must be converted before use.
The literature on practice effects and transfer from single- to dual-task performance is briefly ... more The literature on practice effects and transfer from single- to dual-task performance is briefly reviewed. The review suggests that single-task training produces limited transfer to dual-task performance. Past theoretical frameworks to explain multitask performance are reviewed. A connectionist/control architecture for skill acquisition is presented. The architecture in-volves neural-like units at the micro level of processing, with information transmitted be-tween modules at the macro level. Simulations within the architecture exhibit five phases of skill acquisition. Dual-task interference and performance are predicted as a function of the phase of practice a skill has reached. Seven compensatory activities occur in the architec-ture during dual-task training that do not appear in single-task training, including (1) shed-ding and delaying tasks and preloading buffers, (2) letting go of high-workload strategies, (3) utilizing noncompeting resources, (4) multiplexing over time, (5) ...
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
At the start of the new millenium, an important technological development is the vergence of info... more At the start of the new millenium, an important technological development is the vergence of information technologies, communications, and entertainment, currently known as 'New Media'. What implications does this technological integration have for user interface design? This panel will address this issue, with specific emphasis on: advocating for users in a rapidly-changing design environment; the user's attention as a critical resource; the importance of initial usability for new media technologies; new metaphors for new ...
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
This paper describes the design, development, and outcomes of a project-based human factors cours... more This paper describes the design, development, and outcomes of a project-based human factors course using the World Wide Web (WWW). The primary goal was to give students hands-on opportunities to learn about user-centered design (UCD) and evaluation by using Internet resources and creating and critiquing WWW pages. In addition, students developed sophisticated skills at working together in teams. Although the overhead involved in conducting a course of this type is considerably larger than more traditional lecture courses, students' levels of involvement, motivation, and enjoyment suggest this is an effective and valuable means of teaching UCD principles and techniques.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Information-display issues are described in the context of a complex memory-updating task similar... more Information-display issues are described in the context of a complex memory-updating task similar to Yntema's (1963). Subjects performed the updating task with two types of graphic interfaces. In one condition, the interface provided invariant spatial information which could be used to support task performance; in the second condition, the same information was presented in a single spatial location. The results suggest that 1) the mapping effect (one-to-many vs. many-to-one) found by Yntema did not occur when the response sets being updated were composed of the same response alternatives; 2) the type of screen layout used to support the updating task had a large impact on both accuracy and time to respond; and 3) the type of screen layout used interacted with the task's cognitive demands, including length of lag between an update and a response, and the number of variables being monitored. These results suggest that the design of information displays requires consideration o...
Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting
The effects of practice on accuracy, speed, and resource load are briefly discussed. Procedures f... more The effects of practice on accuracy, speed, and resource load are briefly discussed. Procedures for measuring resource load and training of high performance skills are illustrated. Analysis of task consistency and procedures for establishing the marginal utility of various training options are described. The alternatives of time-line analysis, subjective measures and multiple resource theory are commented on.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Two multi-session experiments are described in which a complex problem-solving task was interrupt... more Two multi-session experiments are described in which a complex problem-solving task was interrupted at different stages of practice. In Experiment 1, subjects practiced the main problem-solving task for three sessions, with intermittent interruptions during each session. By the end of Session 3, interruptions which were similar to the main task, in terms of type of material processed and processing demands, no longer disrupted performance as they had in Sessions 1 and 2. In Experiment 2, subjects practiced the same problem-solving task for two sessions without interruptions. The same types of interruptions used in Experiment 1 were introduced in Session 3. Although the main task was well learned by the third session, the interruptions disrupted subjects' main-task accuracies dramatically. These results suggest that training tasks under uninterrupted conditions can lead to excellent performance, but may not allow subjects to develop the kinds of strategies needed to flexibly reco...
The editors' stated goal of The International Handbook of Creativity was to present a genuinely i... more The editors' stated goal of The International Handbook of Creativity was to present a genuinely international and diverse set of perspectives and insights into the psychology of human creativity. As such, they assembled a renowned cast of scholars from around the globe and had them prepare chapters that cover both historical and contemporary glimpses into creativity research and theory. The resulting volume not only gives readers access to North American and English-speaking flavors of creativity history and research, but crisscrosses the globe to share Western European (i.e., French,
Number 10, Summer 1991 "select all" and copy it to the clipboard with Command-C (38 C>. You can n... more Number 10, Summer 1991 "select all" and copy it to the clipboard with Command-C (38 C>. You can now exit Sigmn Edit, and, using paste, dump the text into Textmnker using Command-V (3€ V). When in TL'xtmnki!r click on the Do lllustrator button and save your file (perhaps with a unique extension such as "xxx.illu to mark it as an 11/rtslrntor file). You can now open it from within ll/11strntor as you would an ordinary lllustralor document. (If you prefer to work in FreeHn11d, save the ll/11strator document as an Adobe 1.1 file, quit l/111slralor and open your 1.1 file from Frei•Hnmf.) The Temple Cart Lab recommends 1..ceping the names off to one side of your map and grabbmg them as needed for placement on the map. ln summary, Tcxlmnker is an easy to use and straightforward way of converting text done ma \.Vordprocessing package into something that 11/ustrntor or Freehand can handle. While 1l ca nnot handle formatting or editing at this time, these operations can be performed in your word processor or in t1111slrntor/ FreeHn11d without too much trouble. Cartographers\\ ho wish lo obtain Tcxtmaker can download it from the publicly available Macintosh archi\•cs maintained at Stanford. You will need to "anonymous" FTP to sumex-aim.stanford.edu and change directories to the info-mac/ card directory and download it usmg "get." The file will be in bmhex format and must be converted before use.
The literature on practice effects and transfer from single- to dual-task performance is briefly ... more The literature on practice effects and transfer from single- to dual-task performance is briefly reviewed. The review suggests that single-task training produces limited transfer to dual-task performance. Past theoretical frameworks to explain multitask performance are reviewed. A connectionist/control architecture for skill acquisition is presented. The architecture in-volves neural-like units at the micro level of processing, with information transmitted be-tween modules at the macro level. Simulations within the architecture exhibit five phases of skill acquisition. Dual-task interference and performance are predicted as a function of the phase of practice a skill has reached. Seven compensatory activities occur in the architec-ture during dual-task training that do not appear in single-task training, including (1) shed-ding and delaying tasks and preloading buffers, (2) letting go of high-workload strategies, (3) utilizing noncompeting resources, (4) multiplexing over time, (5) ...
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
At the start of the new millenium, an important technological development is the vergence of info... more At the start of the new millenium, an important technological development is the vergence of information technologies, communications, and entertainment, currently known as 'New Media'. What implications does this technological integration have for user interface design? This panel will address this issue, with specific emphasis on: advocating for users in a rapidly-changing design environment; the user's attention as a critical resource; the importance of initial usability for new media technologies; new metaphors for new ...
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
This paper describes the design, development, and outcomes of a project-based human factors cours... more This paper describes the design, development, and outcomes of a project-based human factors course using the World Wide Web (WWW). The primary goal was to give students hands-on opportunities to learn about user-centered design (UCD) and evaluation by using Internet resources and creating and critiquing WWW pages. In addition, students developed sophisticated skills at working together in teams. Although the overhead involved in conducting a course of this type is considerably larger than more traditional lecture courses, students' levels of involvement, motivation, and enjoyment suggest this is an effective and valuable means of teaching UCD principles and techniques.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Information-display issues are described in the context of a complex memory-updating task similar... more Information-display issues are described in the context of a complex memory-updating task similar to Yntema's (1963). Subjects performed the updating task with two types of graphic interfaces. In one condition, the interface provided invariant spatial information which could be used to support task performance; in the second condition, the same information was presented in a single spatial location. The results suggest that 1) the mapping effect (one-to-many vs. many-to-one) found by Yntema did not occur when the response sets being updated were composed of the same response alternatives; 2) the type of screen layout used to support the updating task had a large impact on both accuracy and time to respond; and 3) the type of screen layout used interacted with the task's cognitive demands, including length of lag between an update and a response, and the number of variables being monitored. These results suggest that the design of information displays requires consideration o...
Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting
The effects of practice on accuracy, speed, and resource load are briefly discussed. Procedures f... more The effects of practice on accuracy, speed, and resource load are briefly discussed. Procedures for measuring resource load and training of high performance skills are illustrated. Analysis of task consistency and procedures for establishing the marginal utility of various training options are described. The alternatives of time-line analysis, subjective measures and multiple resource theory are commented on.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Two multi-session experiments are described in which a complex problem-solving task was interrupt... more Two multi-session experiments are described in which a complex problem-solving task was interrupted at different stages of practice. In Experiment 1, subjects practiced the main problem-solving task for three sessions, with intermittent interruptions during each session. By the end of Session 3, interruptions which were similar to the main task, in terms of type of material processed and processing demands, no longer disrupted performance as they had in Sessions 1 and 2. In Experiment 2, subjects practiced the same problem-solving task for two sessions without interruptions. The same types of interruptions used in Experiment 1 were introduced in Session 3. Although the main task was well learned by the third session, the interruptions disrupted subjects' main-task accuracies dramatically. These results suggest that training tasks under uninterrupted conditions can lead to excellent performance, but may not allow subjects to develop the kinds of strategies needed to flexibly reco...
Uploads
Papers by Mark Detweiler