Human genom is s ll under muta ons. The most important muta on is releated with metyla on of nucl... more Human genom is s ll under muta ons. The most important muta on is releated with metyla on of nucleo des. Eff ect of muta on depends on environmental factors. The eff ects of muta ons are able to change metabolism and are basis of cancers.
W życiu człowieka często występują stany zaburzeń fi zykalnych oraz psychicznych. We wszystkich s... more W życiu człowieka często występują stany zaburzeń fi zykalnych oraz psychicznych. We wszystkich schorzeniach konieczne jest więc przeprowadzenie właściwego rozpoznania, a potem wdrożenie należytego leczenia. Szczególnie ważne jest zorganizowanie w środowisku przez pracowników ochrony zdrowia i opieki społecznej działań opiekuńczych i profi laktycznych. Opieka jest potrzebna wszystkim, zarówno dzieciom, jak i dorosłym, a w sposób szczególny osobom starszym, w tym terminalnie chorym. Prezentowane w niniejszej monografi i teksty uwzględniają właśnie tę wieloczynnikową aktywność opiekuńczą. Autorami poszczególnych rozdziałów są pracownicy naukowi zaangażowani w proces edukacyjny w zakresie nauk o zdrowiu, pracujący w Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego, ale także studenci PWSZ w Tarnowie. W różnorodnym zakresie przedstawili i omówili oni główne tezy monografi i. Redagujący mają nadzieję, że czytelnicy znajdą interesujące treści. Będziemy równocześnie wdzięczni za wszelkie słowa twórczej krytyki. Zapraszamy do lektury. prof. dr hab. med. Jerzy Jaśkiewicz dr Grażyna Dębska dr Anna Goździalska
W dniach 6-8 września 2000 roku, u zarania nowego tysiąclecia, w siedzibie Narodów Zjednoczonych ... more W dniach 6-8 września 2000 roku, u zarania nowego tysiąclecia, w siedzibie Narodów Zjednoczonych w Nowym Jorku społeczność międzynarodowa, w tym Polska, zobowiązała się do podjęcia konkretnych działań zmierzających do redukcji ubóstwa i głodu, równego statusu kobiet i mężczyzn, poprawy stanu zdrowia, poprawy stanu edukacji, walki z AIDS, ochrony środowiska naturalnego, a także zbudowania globalnego partnerstwa między narodami na rzecz rozwoju. Zobowiązania dotyczą spełnienia wyznaczonych do 2015 roku celów (tzw. milenijnych celów rozwoju), zarówno przez kraje rozwijające się, kraje w okresie transformacji, jak i państwa wysoko rozwinięte. Przedstawiciele służby zdrowia (lekarze, pielęgniarki, fi zjoterapeuci, farmaceuci) odgrywają kluczową rolę w realizacji postawionych przez ONZ milenijnych celów rozwoju. Następujący na całym świecie postęp nauk medycznych stwarza konieczność nieustannego śledzenia zmian w rozpoznawaniu i terapii wielu schorzeń. Szczególnie ważne jest organizowanie przez pracowników ochrony zdrowia działań opiekuńczych i profi laktycznych przyczyniających się do poprawy zdrowia ludności oraz zapewnienia skutecznych systemów zdrowotnych. Prezentowane w niniejszej monografi i prace uwzględniają wieloaspektową aktywność opiekuńczą. Autorzy poszczególnych rozdziałów reprezentują różne grupy zawodowe pracowników medycznych, z czego wynika zróżnicowanie i poziom naukowy poszczególnych prac. Ze względu na różnorodność poruszanych tematów, redaktorzy zamieścili prace w trzynastu rozdziałach, ułożonych alfabetycznie według nazwisk pierwszych autorów. Mamy nadzieję, że każdy z czytelników znajdzie interesujące dla siebie treści. Zapraszamy do lektury. prof. dr hab. med. Jerzy Jaśkiewicz
Introduction: Despite significant progress in understanding mechanisms and effective treatment th... more Introduction: Despite significant progress in understanding mechanisms and effective treatment there are still therapeutic failures in patients treated for bronchial asthma. Education is vital in the therapeutic process. It improves the control of the disease at the individual level by influencing the adherence and compliance. Material and methods: The study included 100 patients suffering from bronchial asthma and treated according to GINA 2002 guidelines in Allergy Clinic. Asthma control test (ACT), analysis of patients' medical documentation and a self-constructed questionnaire concerning health promotion and education were used in the study. Aim of this work was to assess differences in the influence of education on results of bronchial asthma control between sexes. Results: Average duration of asthma was similar in women and men (13.0 ± 11.16 vs.12.7 ± 9.74 years). Weaker asthma control was found in women (ACT 17.7 vs. 20.4), as well as lower FEV 1 values (80−50% of predicted value in 60.3% of women vs. 43.25 of men). In women an analysis of correlation concerning patients' knowledge and conducted health education with asthma control revealed a statistically significant positive correlation of knowledge acquired from the allergologist with asthma control, information about proceeding in acute attack, whereas negative correlation with asthma control with knowledge passed on by family doctor was found. Among the male respondents positive correlations of knowledge with asthma control within the scope of knowledge from allergologist and information concerning proceeding in asthmatic attack were found, while negative correlation with information coming from family doctor was revealed. Conclusions: Health education in patients with asthma should be conducted by a specialist in allergic diseases and well-prepared healthcare professionals.
The main aim of health promotion and diseases profilaxis is a struggle with smoking, which is a w... more The main aim of health promotion and diseases profilaxis is a struggle with smoking, which is a well known factor in many disorders, i.e. malignant carcinomas, noncarcinomatous diseases of respiratory system and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was the analysis of the smoking level amongst the students of 6th year of the Medical Faculty of Wroclaw Medical University. Amongst 131 polled women--116 were non-smoking persons (88.5%), 15 smoking (11.5%). Amongst 55 polled men--43 these are non-smoking persons (78%), 12 smoking (22%). Out of smoking women, the most women (6) is smoking from 11 to 15 cigarettes per day, out of smoking men, the most (5 men)--6-10 cigarettes per day. Smoking women began smoking during the secondary school the most often. 8 of men began the smoking in the secondary school. The majority of examined didn't try to limit smoking. Respondents would expect the biggest support from close persons during giving up smoking Only 59% of women and 64% of men disagree definitely to smoking in their presence. In the consequence of above results surprising seems still high percentage of smokers amongst examined, scantiness of taking attempts of giving up smoking and indifference of non-smoking medical students towards smoking in their presence.
Making conditional on the smoking is making the essential problem of the contemporary society. Co... more Making conditional on the smoking is making the essential problem of the contemporary society. Conducted examinations are pointing in Poland and in the world that the number of young people which are reaching for the first cigarette is soaring together with age. The aim of the study was an analysis of smoking amongst students of the Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole. Group of 290 stationary and non-stationary students of the Nursing Institute and the Obstetrics Institute of the Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole was put through an examination. Out of polled --72 students (24.8%) is smoking cigarettes but 218 students (75.2%) are non-smoking persons. 13.8% of the examined group of non-stationary students is smoking cigarettes, however smoking cigarettes is declaring 29% of the examined on stationary studies. Polled the most, well as far as 70.8%, began smoking cigarettes during the secondary school. 62.5% smoking persons tried to give up smoking having the harmfulness of smoking in mind. Unfortunately these attempts ended in failure. The students would expect the biggest support from close persons (the husband, the wife) during giving up smoking, 93.1% of examined is confirming such an opinion.
Purpose of the study: To determine the level of alcohol intake (including risky drinking) and tob... more Purpose of the study: To determine the level of alcohol intake (including risky drinking) and tobacco smoking among students of higher medical schools, as well as the level of students' knowledge about epidemiology and consequences of alcohol abuse. Material and methods: The study was conducted in 2010-2012 and involved 1054 students of medical school. The majority of the participants were female (82.3%). Average age of respondents was 25.13 years (SD = 6.64, median = 24). The questionnaire was to determine the students' knowledge of alcohol abuse, short version of AUDIT and questions about tobacco smoking. Results: The average 100% alcohol intake in Poland was correctly identified by 32.0% (318) of students. The alcohol level in blood which indicates the state after alcohol intake was correctly determined by 57.2% (571) of respondents. Tobacco was the choice of 13.8% (138) of students as the main health risk factor and cause of premature deaths in Europe, alcohol was chosen by 17.8% (177). Cirrhosis was recognized correctly by 52% of students (521) as the most frequent disease caused by alcohol in European men. Regarding the question about the biochemical indicators helpful in diagnostics of alcohol abuse only 27.6% (275) indicated correctly: MCV and GGT. In short version of AUDIT 32.2% (238) of women gained 4 points and above, 56.2% (91) of men gained 5 points and above. Among women: 3.5% (28) have 14 and above standardized portions of an alcoholic drinks during week. Among men: 6.5% (11) have 28 and above standardized portions of an alcoholic drinks during week. Non-smokers represent 20.6% (205) of respondents. A majority (39.4%, 82) indicate they smoke not more than 5 cigarettes per day. The students first began smoking in secondary (21.7%, 45) and high school (45.9%, 95). Smokers statistically significantly more often (p<0.001) drink alcohol. More than four times higher percentage of smokers (10.0% vs 2.3% non-smokers) drink in a day when they drink 10 or more standardized portions of an alcoholic drink (p<0.001). Those who drink at least once a month drink 6 standardized portions of an alcoholic drink statistically significantly more often (p<0.001)were smokers (21.8% vs 10.8% non-smokers). Smokers were more than four times more likely (13.4%) than non-smokers (3.2%) to drink 6 standardized portions of an alcoholic drink once a week. During the majority of weekdays, 6 standardized portions of an alcoholic drink were taken by 2.48% (5) of smokers (vs 0% non-smokers). Conclusions: A high percentage of students in medical schools drink riskily. Especially the risky drinking was observed among smoking students. The level of knowledge gained by respondents about alcohol abuse is still insufficient. Programs that promote avoiding tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse are necessary among children during the first years of education (in primary school and earlier).
Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, May 9, 2019
The influence of selected psychological variables on quality of life of chronically dialysed pati... more The influence of selected psychological variables on quality of life of chronically dialysed patients Background: The impact of illness acceptance in assessment of health-related quality (HRQoL) between chronic diseases remains unclear. Depression and anxiety reduce HRQoL and worsen prognosis. We describe the relationship between illness acceptance, anxiety and depression, and HRQoL in chronic dialysis patients. Material: The study included 105 patients with chronic kidney disease (mean age 65.8 years), treated with chronic dialysis. Three validated instruments were used, including the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). For statistical analysis, Student's t-test and Pearson's r correlation coefficient were carried out. Results: Spearman's rho correlation analyses were carried out on the patients' quality of life (PCS and MCS), and their anxiety, depression and illness acceptance scores. The results showed acceptance of illness to be positively correlated with quality of life in terms of PCS (rho = 0.43) and MCS (rho = 0.36), and depression and anxiety to be negatively correlated with quality of life in both domains (PCS: rho = À0.39 and rho = À0.56, respectively; MCS: rho = À0.56 and rho = À0.78, respectively). The multiplefactor analysis for anxiety, depression and acceptance of illness showed acceptance of illness to be a significant independent determinant of higher quality of life in the PCS (b = 1.580; p < 0.000) and MCS (b = 1.980; p < 0.000) domains. The analysis also showed anxiety to be a significant independent determinant of lower quality of life in the MCS domain (b = À0.432; p = 0.041), while depression was found to be a significant independent determinant of lower scores in both the PCS (b = À3.557; p < 0.00) and the MCS (b = À1.257; p < 0.00) domains. Conclusion: Acceptance of illness significantly affects HRQoL in dialysis patientshigher acceptance scores result in higher quality-of-life scores. Symptoms of depression and anxiety also significantly affect HRQoL in dialysis patientsa higher intensity of symptoms lead to lower quality-of-life scores.
Objective. The aim of the study was assessment of health behaviours, degree of acceptance of the ... more Objective. The aim of the study was assessment of health behaviours, degree of acceptance of the disease, and nutritional habits among patients with hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis. Materials and method. The study included 180 patients, conducted by the method of a diagnostic survey using the following instruments: the Questionnaire of Eating Behaviours (QEB), Health Behaviour Inventory (IZZ), and the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS). Results. The examined group was characterized by a mediocre intensity of health behaviours and obtained, on average, 82.87 scores per 118 possible scores. According to the Acceptance of Illness Scale, the respondents obtained 29.49 scores per 40, which evidences a relatively high acceptance of own medical condition. The higher the quality of the respondents' diet, the higher the health behaviour index, whereas the level of nutritional knowledge had no effect on the pro-health and anti-health eating index. Conclusions. 1. In patients with hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis the undertaking of health behaviours increased with age, most strongly in the domain of health practices and positive psychological attitude. 2. The intensity of health behaviours increased with the level of acceptance of the disease, especially with respect to positive psychological attitude. 3. Patients whose eating habits were characterized by a high quality of diet index (pro-health eating index), showed intensified health behaviours. The level of nutritional knowledge among patients with hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis was related neither with a high nor a low quality of diet index (pro-health and anti-health diet index).
The smoking is a multifaceted social problem. Early beginning smoking by children and young peopl... more The smoking is a multifaceted social problem. Early beginning smoking by children and young people are increasing the risk of the quicker appearance of tobacco related diseases and mortality of people in a productive age. It is a cause of the higher death rate than AIDS, the alcoholism, car accidents, drugs, fires, homicides and suicides assessed together in the world. Even though smoking is making greatest risk, its prevention is possible and should be an element of the health education understood widely. The aim of the study was the ccomparison of the knowledge level of stationary and non-stationary students of the Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole on the subject of the health results of smoking. Students of non-stationary studies demonstrated the higher level of the knowledge on the subject of health results of smoking. The stationary students, young people, don't realize a nicotine addiction as the strong risk fully--11.2% of examined is negating a fact that the smoking can cause so strong addiction, like taking drugs.
Introduction: Proper health behaviors and healthy eating are a signifi cant factor that helps mai... more Introduction: Proper health behaviors and healthy eating are a signifi cant factor that helps maintain health and reduce the risk of diseases. Th e varied food intake is a key element of proper nutrition every man. Proper diet also aff ects our productivity at work, at college, and on the development of social relationships and perform household duties. Objective: Th e aim of this study was to evaluate the variety of food consumption among students of diff erent universities in Polish. Material and Methods: Th e study used a method of diagnostic survey using a standardized questionnaire variety of food consumption FIVeQ developed by Eve Niedźwiedzka and Lydia Wądołowska from the Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Questionnaire consists of 79 questions. Th e questions concerned the variety of food consumption, or consumption of various range of products from basic 8 food groups. Th e study was conducted on a group of 282 people in the period from March to April 2013. Th ey were students of computer science, University of Mining-Metallurgy in Krakow (63os.), nursing Krakow Academy of them. Andrew Frycz Modrzewski in Krakow (53os), the direction of chemical engineering Cracow University of Technology (24os), medical direction of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin (69os.) and law students at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow (73os). Results: Th e study revealed a diverse varied food intake for the courses of various universities. Among the students of the Academy of Science-Technology in Krakow-the direction of science were found in 59% of enough variety of food consumption, 21% adequate, 19% good and 1% excellent. Cracow University of Technology-Chemical Engineering course was observed in 54% enough variety of food consumption, 21% good, 17% inappropriate and 8% very good. Jagiellonian University in Krakow-the right direction: 48% very good variety of food consumption, 34% good, 14% adequate and 4% inadequate. Krakow Academy of them. Andrew Frycz Modrzewski in Krakow-the direction of nursing: 43% good variety of food consumption, 32% adequate, 17% very good and 8% inadequate, and at the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin-of Medicine found in 52% enough variety of food consumption, 29 % good, 17% and 2% inappropriate very good. Conclusions: Th e study allowed us to formulate the following conclusions: 1. Th e best results in terms of food consumption were obtained varied among law students of the Jagiellonian University (48% achieved very good results and 34% good, and only 4% inappropri
Issues related to health promotion and health education in recent years have gained in importance... more Issues related to health promotion and health education in recent years have gained in importance and are still evolving. Living in the twenty-fi rst century-the period of wide-ranging changes, the fast pace of life, the dehumanization of man and certain values, health-one of the key intangibles, is still one of the most cherished human values that do not change over time. Health is a timeless value, which is not a constant state but labile, is infl uenced by a variety of modifi able and not-modifi able factors. Adverse trends in health and work in the health care, cause that representatives of the sector should meet a number of requirements and have certain abilities to practice. It becomes necessary to have a interdisciplinary knowledge, ability to perform of instrumental and expressive activities, at the same time presenting a particular attitude, which is a positive, forming pro-health model. Th e health professionals have a duty to educate, promote health, and thus increase health potential. For some of them, the educational activities will be a kind of challenge to test their knowledge and skills, but also can be a start of a new career. Update knowledge and skills in the medical professions is a necessary requirement to ensure the highest quality of holistic care, including educational and health promotion, and to be a reliable person.
It turned out that 1999 was crucial in primary health care in Poland. The institution of fami1y d... more It turned out that 1999 was crucial in primary health care in Poland. The institution of fami1y doctor (a manager of medical services) became dominant. The main thread of our paper is how these changes influenced an patients’ estimation of quality and medical services acessibility for the community. We present very subjective estimation of primary care functionality and medical services acessibility but also the most effective because descended from patients - receivers these services.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę
Artykuł recenzowany / peer-reviewed articleWyzwania stawiane przed jednostką we współczesnym świe... more Artykuł recenzowany / peer-reviewed articleWyzwania stawiane przed jednostką we współczesnym świecie, choroby cywilizacyjne i niekorzystne tendencje zdrowotne powodują, że praca przedstawicieli ochrony zdrowia oraz wszystkich, którzy zajmują się zdrowiem, staje się niezwykle istotna. Szczególna rola przypada tu przede wszystkim pielęgniarkom i położnym, na co dzień zajmujących się zdrowiem swoich podopiecznych w różnych fazach ich życia i zdrowia. Ochrona wartości, jaką jest zdrowie i pomnażanie jego potencjału to idea, którą odnajdujemy w zawodach pielęgniarki, położnej czy lekarza. Jeszcze do niedawna, udział w opiece zdrowotnej wiązał się głównie z korzystaniem ze świadczeń w sposób bierny, natomiast obecnie, to również branie odpowiedzialności za zdrowie własne i innych ludzi oraz czynne uczestnictwo w tworzeniu środowiska sprzyjającego zdrowiu. Budowanie świadomości zdrowotnej społeczeństwa, opartej na przekonaniu, że styl życia jest głównym, modyfikowalnym czynnikiem determinu...
Praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed paperIntroduction: Proper health behaviours and healthy eating ... more Praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed paperIntroduction: Proper health behaviours and healthy eating are a significant factor that helps maintain health and reduce the risk of diseases. The varied food intake is a key element of proper nutrition every man. Proper diet also affects our productivity at work, at college, and on the development of social relationships and perform household duties. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the variety of food consumption among students of different universities in Poland. Material and Methods: As the study technique a standardized questionnaire variety of food consumption FIVeQ was used, developed by Eve Niedźwiedzka and Lydia Wądołowska from the Department of Human Nutrition University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Questionnaire consists of 79 questions. The questions concerned the variety of food consumption or consumption of various range of products from basic 8 food groups. The study was conducted on a group of 282 people in t...
Artykuł recenzowany / Peer-reviewed articleDziedziną, która w ciągu ostatnich lat osiągnęła znacz... more Artykuł recenzowany / Peer-reviewed articleDziedziną, która w ciągu ostatnich lat osiągnęła znaczny stopień popularności w skali globalnej jest promocja zdrowia. Wynika to nie tylko z jej historii (choć stosunkowo krótkiej) czy dorobku, ale działań podejmowanych na jej płaszczyźnie i niejednokrotnie bardzo dobrych efektów tych działań. Współczesne trendy zdrowotne jak i statystyki dotyczące zachorowalności czy umieralności wskazują na konieczność realizowania zadań z zakresu promocji zdrowia, bowiem tendencje te wynikają w dużej mierze z niewłaściwego czy też nieracjonalnego stylu życia jednostek, a często również z deficytu wiedzy. Aby jednak uczynić go bardziej racjonalnym, potrzebna jest wiedza upowszechniana przez profesjonalistów, tj. osoby merytorycznie przygotowane do jej krzewienia. Promocja zdrowia nie jest jedynie ideą, która ma zapełniać niszę w naukach o zdrowiu, ale przez lata wdrażania i kultywowania pewnych zasad i przekonań, wynikających z doświadczeń i obserwacji, o...
Human genom is s ll under muta ons. The most important muta on is releated with metyla on of nucl... more Human genom is s ll under muta ons. The most important muta on is releated with metyla on of nucleo des. Eff ect of muta on depends on environmental factors. The eff ects of muta ons are able to change metabolism and are basis of cancers.
W życiu człowieka często występują stany zaburzeń fi zykalnych oraz psychicznych. We wszystkich s... more W życiu człowieka często występują stany zaburzeń fi zykalnych oraz psychicznych. We wszystkich schorzeniach konieczne jest więc przeprowadzenie właściwego rozpoznania, a potem wdrożenie należytego leczenia. Szczególnie ważne jest zorganizowanie w środowisku przez pracowników ochrony zdrowia i opieki społecznej działań opiekuńczych i profi laktycznych. Opieka jest potrzebna wszystkim, zarówno dzieciom, jak i dorosłym, a w sposób szczególny osobom starszym, w tym terminalnie chorym. Prezentowane w niniejszej monografi i teksty uwzględniają właśnie tę wieloczynnikową aktywność opiekuńczą. Autorami poszczególnych rozdziałów są pracownicy naukowi zaangażowani w proces edukacyjny w zakresie nauk o zdrowiu, pracujący w Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego, ale także studenci PWSZ w Tarnowie. W różnorodnym zakresie przedstawili i omówili oni główne tezy monografi i. Redagujący mają nadzieję, że czytelnicy znajdą interesujące treści. Będziemy równocześnie wdzięczni za wszelkie słowa twórczej krytyki. Zapraszamy do lektury. prof. dr hab. med. Jerzy Jaśkiewicz dr Grażyna Dębska dr Anna Goździalska
W dniach 6-8 września 2000 roku, u zarania nowego tysiąclecia, w siedzibie Narodów Zjednoczonych ... more W dniach 6-8 września 2000 roku, u zarania nowego tysiąclecia, w siedzibie Narodów Zjednoczonych w Nowym Jorku społeczność międzynarodowa, w tym Polska, zobowiązała się do podjęcia konkretnych działań zmierzających do redukcji ubóstwa i głodu, równego statusu kobiet i mężczyzn, poprawy stanu zdrowia, poprawy stanu edukacji, walki z AIDS, ochrony środowiska naturalnego, a także zbudowania globalnego partnerstwa między narodami na rzecz rozwoju. Zobowiązania dotyczą spełnienia wyznaczonych do 2015 roku celów (tzw. milenijnych celów rozwoju), zarówno przez kraje rozwijające się, kraje w okresie transformacji, jak i państwa wysoko rozwinięte. Przedstawiciele służby zdrowia (lekarze, pielęgniarki, fi zjoterapeuci, farmaceuci) odgrywają kluczową rolę w realizacji postawionych przez ONZ milenijnych celów rozwoju. Następujący na całym świecie postęp nauk medycznych stwarza konieczność nieustannego śledzenia zmian w rozpoznawaniu i terapii wielu schorzeń. Szczególnie ważne jest organizowanie przez pracowników ochrony zdrowia działań opiekuńczych i profi laktycznych przyczyniających się do poprawy zdrowia ludności oraz zapewnienia skutecznych systemów zdrowotnych. Prezentowane w niniejszej monografi i prace uwzględniają wieloaspektową aktywność opiekuńczą. Autorzy poszczególnych rozdziałów reprezentują różne grupy zawodowe pracowników medycznych, z czego wynika zróżnicowanie i poziom naukowy poszczególnych prac. Ze względu na różnorodność poruszanych tematów, redaktorzy zamieścili prace w trzynastu rozdziałach, ułożonych alfabetycznie według nazwisk pierwszych autorów. Mamy nadzieję, że każdy z czytelników znajdzie interesujące dla siebie treści. Zapraszamy do lektury. prof. dr hab. med. Jerzy Jaśkiewicz
Introduction: Despite significant progress in understanding mechanisms and effective treatment th... more Introduction: Despite significant progress in understanding mechanisms and effective treatment there are still therapeutic failures in patients treated for bronchial asthma. Education is vital in the therapeutic process. It improves the control of the disease at the individual level by influencing the adherence and compliance. Material and methods: The study included 100 patients suffering from bronchial asthma and treated according to GINA 2002 guidelines in Allergy Clinic. Asthma control test (ACT), analysis of patients' medical documentation and a self-constructed questionnaire concerning health promotion and education were used in the study. Aim of this work was to assess differences in the influence of education on results of bronchial asthma control between sexes. Results: Average duration of asthma was similar in women and men (13.0 ± 11.16 vs.12.7 ± 9.74 years). Weaker asthma control was found in women (ACT 17.7 vs. 20.4), as well as lower FEV 1 values (80−50% of predicted value in 60.3% of women vs. 43.25 of men). In women an analysis of correlation concerning patients' knowledge and conducted health education with asthma control revealed a statistically significant positive correlation of knowledge acquired from the allergologist with asthma control, information about proceeding in acute attack, whereas negative correlation with asthma control with knowledge passed on by family doctor was found. Among the male respondents positive correlations of knowledge with asthma control within the scope of knowledge from allergologist and information concerning proceeding in asthmatic attack were found, while negative correlation with information coming from family doctor was revealed. Conclusions: Health education in patients with asthma should be conducted by a specialist in allergic diseases and well-prepared healthcare professionals.
The main aim of health promotion and diseases profilaxis is a struggle with smoking, which is a w... more The main aim of health promotion and diseases profilaxis is a struggle with smoking, which is a well known factor in many disorders, i.e. malignant carcinomas, noncarcinomatous diseases of respiratory system and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was the analysis of the smoking level amongst the students of 6th year of the Medical Faculty of Wroclaw Medical University. Amongst 131 polled women--116 were non-smoking persons (88.5%), 15 smoking (11.5%). Amongst 55 polled men--43 these are non-smoking persons (78%), 12 smoking (22%). Out of smoking women, the most women (6) is smoking from 11 to 15 cigarettes per day, out of smoking men, the most (5 men)--6-10 cigarettes per day. Smoking women began smoking during the secondary school the most often. 8 of men began the smoking in the secondary school. The majority of examined didn't try to limit smoking. Respondents would expect the biggest support from close persons during giving up smoking Only 59% of women and 64% of men disagree definitely to smoking in their presence. In the consequence of above results surprising seems still high percentage of smokers amongst examined, scantiness of taking attempts of giving up smoking and indifference of non-smoking medical students towards smoking in their presence.
Making conditional on the smoking is making the essential problem of the contemporary society. Co... more Making conditional on the smoking is making the essential problem of the contemporary society. Conducted examinations are pointing in Poland and in the world that the number of young people which are reaching for the first cigarette is soaring together with age. The aim of the study was an analysis of smoking amongst students of the Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole. Group of 290 stationary and non-stationary students of the Nursing Institute and the Obstetrics Institute of the Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole was put through an examination. Out of polled --72 students (24.8%) is smoking cigarettes but 218 students (75.2%) are non-smoking persons. 13.8% of the examined group of non-stationary students is smoking cigarettes, however smoking cigarettes is declaring 29% of the examined on stationary studies. Polled the most, well as far as 70.8%, began smoking cigarettes during the secondary school. 62.5% smoking persons tried to give up smoking having the harmfulness of smoking in mind. Unfortunately these attempts ended in failure. The students would expect the biggest support from close persons (the husband, the wife) during giving up smoking, 93.1% of examined is confirming such an opinion.
Purpose of the study: To determine the level of alcohol intake (including risky drinking) and tob... more Purpose of the study: To determine the level of alcohol intake (including risky drinking) and tobacco smoking among students of higher medical schools, as well as the level of students' knowledge about epidemiology and consequences of alcohol abuse. Material and methods: The study was conducted in 2010-2012 and involved 1054 students of medical school. The majority of the participants were female (82.3%). Average age of respondents was 25.13 years (SD = 6.64, median = 24). The questionnaire was to determine the students' knowledge of alcohol abuse, short version of AUDIT and questions about tobacco smoking. Results: The average 100% alcohol intake in Poland was correctly identified by 32.0% (318) of students. The alcohol level in blood which indicates the state after alcohol intake was correctly determined by 57.2% (571) of respondents. Tobacco was the choice of 13.8% (138) of students as the main health risk factor and cause of premature deaths in Europe, alcohol was chosen by 17.8% (177). Cirrhosis was recognized correctly by 52% of students (521) as the most frequent disease caused by alcohol in European men. Regarding the question about the biochemical indicators helpful in diagnostics of alcohol abuse only 27.6% (275) indicated correctly: MCV and GGT. In short version of AUDIT 32.2% (238) of women gained 4 points and above, 56.2% (91) of men gained 5 points and above. Among women: 3.5% (28) have 14 and above standardized portions of an alcoholic drinks during week. Among men: 6.5% (11) have 28 and above standardized portions of an alcoholic drinks during week. Non-smokers represent 20.6% (205) of respondents. A majority (39.4%, 82) indicate they smoke not more than 5 cigarettes per day. The students first began smoking in secondary (21.7%, 45) and high school (45.9%, 95). Smokers statistically significantly more often (p<0.001) drink alcohol. More than four times higher percentage of smokers (10.0% vs 2.3% non-smokers) drink in a day when they drink 10 or more standardized portions of an alcoholic drink (p<0.001). Those who drink at least once a month drink 6 standardized portions of an alcoholic drink statistically significantly more often (p<0.001)were smokers (21.8% vs 10.8% non-smokers). Smokers were more than four times more likely (13.4%) than non-smokers (3.2%) to drink 6 standardized portions of an alcoholic drink once a week. During the majority of weekdays, 6 standardized portions of an alcoholic drink were taken by 2.48% (5) of smokers (vs 0% non-smokers). Conclusions: A high percentage of students in medical schools drink riskily. Especially the risky drinking was observed among smoking students. The level of knowledge gained by respondents about alcohol abuse is still insufficient. Programs that promote avoiding tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse are necessary among children during the first years of education (in primary school and earlier).
Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, May 9, 2019
The influence of selected psychological variables on quality of life of chronically dialysed pati... more The influence of selected psychological variables on quality of life of chronically dialysed patients Background: The impact of illness acceptance in assessment of health-related quality (HRQoL) between chronic diseases remains unclear. Depression and anxiety reduce HRQoL and worsen prognosis. We describe the relationship between illness acceptance, anxiety and depression, and HRQoL in chronic dialysis patients. Material: The study included 105 patients with chronic kidney disease (mean age 65.8 years), treated with chronic dialysis. Three validated instruments were used, including the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). For statistical analysis, Student's t-test and Pearson's r correlation coefficient were carried out. Results: Spearman's rho correlation analyses were carried out on the patients' quality of life (PCS and MCS), and their anxiety, depression and illness acceptance scores. The results showed acceptance of illness to be positively correlated with quality of life in terms of PCS (rho = 0.43) and MCS (rho = 0.36), and depression and anxiety to be negatively correlated with quality of life in both domains (PCS: rho = À0.39 and rho = À0.56, respectively; MCS: rho = À0.56 and rho = À0.78, respectively). The multiplefactor analysis for anxiety, depression and acceptance of illness showed acceptance of illness to be a significant independent determinant of higher quality of life in the PCS (b = 1.580; p < 0.000) and MCS (b = 1.980; p < 0.000) domains. The analysis also showed anxiety to be a significant independent determinant of lower quality of life in the MCS domain (b = À0.432; p = 0.041), while depression was found to be a significant independent determinant of lower scores in both the PCS (b = À3.557; p < 0.00) and the MCS (b = À1.257; p < 0.00) domains. Conclusion: Acceptance of illness significantly affects HRQoL in dialysis patientshigher acceptance scores result in higher quality-of-life scores. Symptoms of depression and anxiety also significantly affect HRQoL in dialysis patientsa higher intensity of symptoms lead to lower quality-of-life scores.
Objective. The aim of the study was assessment of health behaviours, degree of acceptance of the ... more Objective. The aim of the study was assessment of health behaviours, degree of acceptance of the disease, and nutritional habits among patients with hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis. Materials and method. The study included 180 patients, conducted by the method of a diagnostic survey using the following instruments: the Questionnaire of Eating Behaviours (QEB), Health Behaviour Inventory (IZZ), and the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS). Results. The examined group was characterized by a mediocre intensity of health behaviours and obtained, on average, 82.87 scores per 118 possible scores. According to the Acceptance of Illness Scale, the respondents obtained 29.49 scores per 40, which evidences a relatively high acceptance of own medical condition. The higher the quality of the respondents' diet, the higher the health behaviour index, whereas the level of nutritional knowledge had no effect on the pro-health and anti-health eating index. Conclusions. 1. In patients with hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis the undertaking of health behaviours increased with age, most strongly in the domain of health practices and positive psychological attitude. 2. The intensity of health behaviours increased with the level of acceptance of the disease, especially with respect to positive psychological attitude. 3. Patients whose eating habits were characterized by a high quality of diet index (pro-health eating index), showed intensified health behaviours. The level of nutritional knowledge among patients with hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis was related neither with a high nor a low quality of diet index (pro-health and anti-health diet index).
The smoking is a multifaceted social problem. Early beginning smoking by children and young peopl... more The smoking is a multifaceted social problem. Early beginning smoking by children and young people are increasing the risk of the quicker appearance of tobacco related diseases and mortality of people in a productive age. It is a cause of the higher death rate than AIDS, the alcoholism, car accidents, drugs, fires, homicides and suicides assessed together in the world. Even though smoking is making greatest risk, its prevention is possible and should be an element of the health education understood widely. The aim of the study was the ccomparison of the knowledge level of stationary and non-stationary students of the Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole on the subject of the health results of smoking. Students of non-stationary studies demonstrated the higher level of the knowledge on the subject of health results of smoking. The stationary students, young people, don't realize a nicotine addiction as the strong risk fully--11.2% of examined is negating a fact that the smoking can cause so strong addiction, like taking drugs.
Introduction: Proper health behaviors and healthy eating are a signifi cant factor that helps mai... more Introduction: Proper health behaviors and healthy eating are a signifi cant factor that helps maintain health and reduce the risk of diseases. Th e varied food intake is a key element of proper nutrition every man. Proper diet also aff ects our productivity at work, at college, and on the development of social relationships and perform household duties. Objective: Th e aim of this study was to evaluate the variety of food consumption among students of diff erent universities in Polish. Material and Methods: Th e study used a method of diagnostic survey using a standardized questionnaire variety of food consumption FIVeQ developed by Eve Niedźwiedzka and Lydia Wądołowska from the Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Questionnaire consists of 79 questions. Th e questions concerned the variety of food consumption, or consumption of various range of products from basic 8 food groups. Th e study was conducted on a group of 282 people in the period from March to April 2013. Th ey were students of computer science, University of Mining-Metallurgy in Krakow (63os.), nursing Krakow Academy of them. Andrew Frycz Modrzewski in Krakow (53os), the direction of chemical engineering Cracow University of Technology (24os), medical direction of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin (69os.) and law students at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow (73os). Results: Th e study revealed a diverse varied food intake for the courses of various universities. Among the students of the Academy of Science-Technology in Krakow-the direction of science were found in 59% of enough variety of food consumption, 21% adequate, 19% good and 1% excellent. Cracow University of Technology-Chemical Engineering course was observed in 54% enough variety of food consumption, 21% good, 17% inappropriate and 8% very good. Jagiellonian University in Krakow-the right direction: 48% very good variety of food consumption, 34% good, 14% adequate and 4% inadequate. Krakow Academy of them. Andrew Frycz Modrzewski in Krakow-the direction of nursing: 43% good variety of food consumption, 32% adequate, 17% very good and 8% inadequate, and at the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin-of Medicine found in 52% enough variety of food consumption, 29 % good, 17% and 2% inappropriate very good. Conclusions: Th e study allowed us to formulate the following conclusions: 1. Th e best results in terms of food consumption were obtained varied among law students of the Jagiellonian University (48% achieved very good results and 34% good, and only 4% inappropri
Issues related to health promotion and health education in recent years have gained in importance... more Issues related to health promotion and health education in recent years have gained in importance and are still evolving. Living in the twenty-fi rst century-the period of wide-ranging changes, the fast pace of life, the dehumanization of man and certain values, health-one of the key intangibles, is still one of the most cherished human values that do not change over time. Health is a timeless value, which is not a constant state but labile, is infl uenced by a variety of modifi able and not-modifi able factors. Adverse trends in health and work in the health care, cause that representatives of the sector should meet a number of requirements and have certain abilities to practice. It becomes necessary to have a interdisciplinary knowledge, ability to perform of instrumental and expressive activities, at the same time presenting a particular attitude, which is a positive, forming pro-health model. Th e health professionals have a duty to educate, promote health, and thus increase health potential. For some of them, the educational activities will be a kind of challenge to test their knowledge and skills, but also can be a start of a new career. Update knowledge and skills in the medical professions is a necessary requirement to ensure the highest quality of holistic care, including educational and health promotion, and to be a reliable person.
It turned out that 1999 was crucial in primary health care in Poland. The institution of fami1y d... more It turned out that 1999 was crucial in primary health care in Poland. The institution of fami1y doctor (a manager of medical services) became dominant. The main thread of our paper is how these changes influenced an patients’ estimation of quality and medical services acessibility for the community. We present very subjective estimation of primary care functionality and medical services acessibility but also the most effective because descended from patients - receivers these services.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę
Artykuł recenzowany / peer-reviewed articleWyzwania stawiane przed jednostką we współczesnym świe... more Artykuł recenzowany / peer-reviewed articleWyzwania stawiane przed jednostką we współczesnym świecie, choroby cywilizacyjne i niekorzystne tendencje zdrowotne powodują, że praca przedstawicieli ochrony zdrowia oraz wszystkich, którzy zajmują się zdrowiem, staje się niezwykle istotna. Szczególna rola przypada tu przede wszystkim pielęgniarkom i położnym, na co dzień zajmujących się zdrowiem swoich podopiecznych w różnych fazach ich życia i zdrowia. Ochrona wartości, jaką jest zdrowie i pomnażanie jego potencjału to idea, którą odnajdujemy w zawodach pielęgniarki, położnej czy lekarza. Jeszcze do niedawna, udział w opiece zdrowotnej wiązał się głównie z korzystaniem ze świadczeń w sposób bierny, natomiast obecnie, to również branie odpowiedzialności za zdrowie własne i innych ludzi oraz czynne uczestnictwo w tworzeniu środowiska sprzyjającego zdrowiu. Budowanie świadomości zdrowotnej społeczeństwa, opartej na przekonaniu, że styl życia jest głównym, modyfikowalnym czynnikiem determinu...
Praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed paperIntroduction: Proper health behaviours and healthy eating ... more Praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed paperIntroduction: Proper health behaviours and healthy eating are a significant factor that helps maintain health and reduce the risk of diseases. The varied food intake is a key element of proper nutrition every man. Proper diet also affects our productivity at work, at college, and on the development of social relationships and perform household duties. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the variety of food consumption among students of different universities in Poland. Material and Methods: As the study technique a standardized questionnaire variety of food consumption FIVeQ was used, developed by Eve Niedźwiedzka and Lydia Wądołowska from the Department of Human Nutrition University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Questionnaire consists of 79 questions. The questions concerned the variety of food consumption or consumption of various range of products from basic 8 food groups. The study was conducted on a group of 282 people in t...
Artykuł recenzowany / Peer-reviewed articleDziedziną, która w ciągu ostatnich lat osiągnęła znacz... more Artykuł recenzowany / Peer-reviewed articleDziedziną, która w ciągu ostatnich lat osiągnęła znaczny stopień popularności w skali globalnej jest promocja zdrowia. Wynika to nie tylko z jej historii (choć stosunkowo krótkiej) czy dorobku, ale działań podejmowanych na jej płaszczyźnie i niejednokrotnie bardzo dobrych efektów tych działań. Współczesne trendy zdrowotne jak i statystyki dotyczące zachorowalności czy umieralności wskazują na konieczność realizowania zadań z zakresu promocji zdrowia, bowiem tendencje te wynikają w dużej mierze z niewłaściwego czy też nieracjonalnego stylu życia jednostek, a często również z deficytu wiedzy. Aby jednak uczynić go bardziej racjonalnym, potrzebna jest wiedza upowszechniana przez profesjonalistów, tj. osoby merytorycznie przygotowane do jej krzewienia. Promocja zdrowia nie jest jedynie ideą, która ma zapełniać niszę w naukach o zdrowiu, ale przez lata wdrażania i kultywowania pewnych zasad i przekonań, wynikających z doświadczeń i obserwacji, o...
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