ALGAL FLORA O F THE «RAMBLA DEL TINAJON)) (RIVER SEGURA), MURCIA, S.E. OF SPAIN The first data ob... more ALGAL FLORA O F THE «RAMBLA DEL TINAJON)) (RIVER SEGURA), MURCIA, S.E. OF SPAIN The first data obtained in seasonal visits to the sampling sites in the last two years are presented. In this paper ofthe 130 taxa considered 23,2Oh are Chorophyceae sensu lato, 26,2O/n Cyanophyceae, 40.6O/n Diatomeae, 4,5%r Dinophyceae, 3,5O/0 Xanthophyceae, 1% Crytophyceae and 1% Rodophyceae. Many ofthem are eurihalines. Those periods in the year in which the presence o f reproductive structures were observed are also indicated.
Alga in the genus Chroothece have been reported mostly from aquatic or subaerial continental envi... more Alga in the genus Chroothece have been reported mostly from aquatic or subaerial continental environments, where they grow in extreme conditions. The strain Chroothece mobilis MAESE 20.29 was exposed to different light intensities, red and green monochromatic light, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, high nitrogen concentrations, and high salinity to assess the effect of those environmental parameters on its growth. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used as an “in vivo” noninvasive single-cell method for the study. The strain seemed to prefer fairly high light intensities and showed a significant increase in allophycocyanin (APC) and chlorophyll a [photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII)] fluorescence with 330 and 789 μM/cm2/s intensities. Green monochromatic light promoted a significant increase in the fluorescence of APC and chlorophyll a (PSI and PSII). UV-A significantly decreased phycocyanin and increased APC, while UV-A + B showed a greater decreasing effect on c-Phycocyanin but did not significantly change concentrations of APC. The increase in nitrogen concentration in the culture medium significantly and negatively affected all pigments, and no effect was observed with an increase in salinity. Our data show that CLSM represents a very powerful tool for ecological research of microalgae in small volumes and may contribute to the knowledge of phycobiliproteins in vivo behavior and the parameters for the large-scale production of these pigments.
The catalogue presented here is novel not only in its degree of updating but also for the informa... more The catalogue presented here is novel not only in its degree of updating but also for the information itself, unpublished so far in any other checklists , especially those referring to the Portuguese red algal flora. The total number of freshwater rhodophyte taxa identified to date now amounts to 108. These results are organised in such a way as to identify the references according to their type: the checklist contains 68 species, 38 of which are from Portugal and 31 from Spain; 25 further species are cited as synonyms. We also found 15 taxa that we have not included in the list for various reasons concerning their location and authorship. Whenever possible we have connected the references to their respective hydrographic basins, thus contributing not only to information about the biodiversity of freshwater red algae but also their geographic distribution. This work emphasises the importance of checklists when dealing with an Iberian Flora on red algae, whilst pointing out those areas of Iberia that have remained poorly explored until now and the taxonomic groups of Rhodophyta which require further study.
ABSTRACT During a study of the algal flora of caves and abrigos in SE Spain, the presence of chas... more ABSTRACT During a study of the algal flora of caves and abrigos in SE Spain, the presence of chasmoendolithic species previously unknown in this type of environment was detected. The following chasmoendolithically growing cyanophytes were studied at ultrastructural level: Chroococcidiopsis cf. kashaii, Cyanosarcina cf. burmensis, Leptolyngbya gracillima, Leptolyngbya perforans, Phormidium molle and Pseudocapsa dubia. They were seen to have a more or less typical Gram negative cell wall, a widely varying sheath and a well developed thylakoid system, whose distribution followed taxonomic criteria. The most frequent inclusions were glycogen granules, polyhedral bodies, cyanophycin granules, polyphosphate granules, lipid inclusions and poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid granules. Their ultrastructure showed a cell structure typical for photosynthetic prokaryotes, while these seemed to be no common characteristics to indicate adaptation to endolithic life but only a taxonomic relation.
The river Benamor (River Segura tributary) is localized in the Southwestern region of Murcia. Its... more The river Benamor (River Segura tributary) is localized in the Southwestern region of Murcia. Its physico-chemical characteristics are the typical ones of streams in limestone areas. The effects of human disturbance are enhanced because of the scarce flow. Algal samples were taken during summer and winter in seven points along the riverbed, during the period 1982-83. Two hundred and sixty-seven species of algae were recorded, some of them are new for SE Spain.
Contribution to the knowledge of the algae of SE Spain. 1. Characeae The checklist of Charophytes... more Contribution to the knowledge of the algae of SE Spain. 1. Characeae The checklist of Charophytes of southeastern Spain is reported. On the basis of some bibliographical referentes and a great number of personal observations, the species ecology and distribution in the zone is presented. RESUMEN Se presenta un catálogo de los carófitos citados para el SE de España. Se aporta un gran número de citas nuevas para un total de 18 especies, de las que se indica su ecología así como su distribución en la zona.
This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or s... more This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
ABSTRACT The ecology of Chroothece was studied in the highly calcareous Río Chícamo, south-east S... more ABSTRACT The ecology of Chroothece was studied in the highly calcareous Río Chícamo, south-east Spain, in order to explain its success there, but rarity elsewhere. The river, which originates mainly from an underground aquifer, has water with high conductivity, sulphate and nitrate but low phosphate concentrations, the latter mainly organic. Chroothece occurs in mats and in lobed colonies reaching 4 cm in the broadest dimension. The colony surface consists of one layer of cells, each of which is attached to a stalk, which dichotomizes when the cell divides; stalks often extend to the colony base. The central region of many mat cells and almost all colony cells has a yellow to orange-brown colour, associated with the numerous lipid droplets densely covering the surface of the pyrenoid and arms of the star-shaped chloroplast. Field material and laboratory isolates indicate that stalk formation occurs under moderate P limitation and both stalks and cell sheath show high phosphatase activities. This also occurred in a culture collection strain maintained for 30 years in a very P-rich medium, but then transferred to a moderately P-limiting medium (c. 0.9 mg l−1). We suggest that colony formation is initiated by aggregation of motile cells following P pulses in the water. Comparisons are made with Rivularia, a competitor in this nitrate-rich river, in spite of being a N2-fixer. One difference is that Chroothece cells lie at the periphery of the colonies and are therefore exposed to maximum sunlight, whereas Rivularia trichomes grow inside colonies with photoprotection by scytonemin. However, the ability to withstand heavy grazing pressure may be an especially important factor favouring Rivularia here.
Botryocladia chiajeana and Botryocladia macaronesica sp. nov. (Rhodymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from t... more Botryocladia chiajeana and Botryocladia macaronesica sp. nov. (Rhodymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Mediterranean and the eastern Atlantic, with a discussion on the closely related genus Irvinea.
El catálogo de macroalgas marinas de Andalucía se basa en las contribuciones iniciales de Flores-... more El catálogo de macroalgas marinas de Andalucía se basa en las contribuciones iniciales de Flores-Moya et al. (1995a, 1995b) y Conde et al. (1996b), y en la serie posterior de adiciones de Conde et al. (1996a), Báez
Antecedentes. Ante los eventos de florecimientos de cianobacterias cada vez más frecuentes a nive... more Antecedentes. Ante los eventos de florecimientos de cianobacterias cada vez más frecuentes a nivel global, cuyos efectos son tóxicos y negativos para la salud humana, las mascotas, los animales del campo, la vida acuática y silvestre, es indispensable hacer pública la información más relevante respecto a este tema, ya que estos eventos tendrán cada vez más una mayor incidencia y frecuencia en un contexto de calentamiento global. Objetivos. Entre los objetivos principales de esta investigación destacan exhibir los impactos ambientales que causan las cianotoxinas, así como sus causas, y reconocer la falta de conocimiento sobre éstas, lo que ha impedido emprender medidas que disminuyan sus efectos negativos. Métodos. Se llevó a cabo una revisión de diversos estudios abarcando aspectos históricos e incorporando los primeros estudios hasta el contexto actual, con el fin de mostrar una breve descripción de las cianotoxinas más importantes y frecuentes en las aguas continentales. Resultados. Fue posible evidenciar los principales daños que causan en vertebrados y las consecuencias que provocan en los ecosistemas acuáticos, así como los niveles de referencia para evitar intoxicaciones por ingestión o contacto; también averiguar los métodos que se emplearon para su detección. Conclusiones. Es necesario hacer hincapié en la urgencia de atender integralmente los florecimientos algales y su monitoreo sistemático.
Andragulla Cave is 2 m high, 6 m wide, and 2 m long (deep). Its lack of depth means that it is no... more Andragulla Cave is 2 m high, 6 m wide, and 2 m long (deep). Its lack of depth means that it is not isolated from external influences, and the microclimate is very similar to that experienced externally. The common stress factors on the growth of cyanobacterial communities on walls inside of Andragulla Cave include excess light, dryness, lack of nutrients, and cold temperatures. Nitrogen fixation, photon flux, relative humidity, and temperature in Andragulla Cave were measured hourly over 24 hours in winter. Nitrogen fixation by the reddish-brown mat formed by both cyanobacteria Scytonema mirabile and Gloeocapsa sanguinea in cave-like environments was measured in situ for the first time by acetylene reduction. The mat-specific rates (1.6 to 7.5 nmol C 2 H 4 m 22 s 21) were lower compared to published values from laboratory measurements of rehydrated samples from different environments. Daytime fixation was slightly higher than nighttime fixation, where nitrogen fixation by Gloeocapsa sanguinea played an important role. The most influential parameters for environmental nitrogen fixation in Andragulla Cave were photon flux for daytime fixation, temperature for nighttime fixation, and relative humidity for both. Nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria may be significant in these N-poor ecosystems.
As part of an extensive study of the caves and abrigos of Murcia province (SE Spain), the first f... more As part of an extensive study of the caves and abrigos of Murcia province (SE Spain), the first floristic and environmental data for chasmoendolithic algae in cave-like environments are presented. Seven abrigos and two caves were studied. Photosynthetic active radiation, relative humidity and temperature were measured over a period of 2 years. 18 chasmoendolithic algae were identified: 2 Bacillariophyceae, 15 Cyanophyceae and 1 Xanthophyceae. The most diversified taxa were Gloeocapsa with three and Chroococcidiopsis and Leptolyngbya with two different species.
ALGAL FLORA O F THE «RAMBLA DEL TINAJON)) (RIVER SEGURA), MURCIA, S.E. OF SPAIN The first data ob... more ALGAL FLORA O F THE «RAMBLA DEL TINAJON)) (RIVER SEGURA), MURCIA, S.E. OF SPAIN The first data obtained in seasonal visits to the sampling sites in the last two years are presented. In this paper ofthe 130 taxa considered 23,2Oh are Chorophyceae sensu lato, 26,2O/n Cyanophyceae, 40.6O/n Diatomeae, 4,5%r Dinophyceae, 3,5O/0 Xanthophyceae, 1% Crytophyceae and 1% Rodophyceae. Many ofthem are eurihalines. Those periods in the year in which the presence o f reproductive structures were observed are also indicated.
Alga in the genus Chroothece have been reported mostly from aquatic or subaerial continental envi... more Alga in the genus Chroothece have been reported mostly from aquatic or subaerial continental environments, where they grow in extreme conditions. The strain Chroothece mobilis MAESE 20.29 was exposed to different light intensities, red and green monochromatic light, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, high nitrogen concentrations, and high salinity to assess the effect of those environmental parameters on its growth. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used as an “in vivo” noninvasive single-cell method for the study. The strain seemed to prefer fairly high light intensities and showed a significant increase in allophycocyanin (APC) and chlorophyll a [photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII)] fluorescence with 330 and 789 μM/cm2/s intensities. Green monochromatic light promoted a significant increase in the fluorescence of APC and chlorophyll a (PSI and PSII). UV-A significantly decreased phycocyanin and increased APC, while UV-A + B showed a greater decreasing effect on c-Phycocyanin but did not significantly change concentrations of APC. The increase in nitrogen concentration in the culture medium significantly and negatively affected all pigments, and no effect was observed with an increase in salinity. Our data show that CLSM represents a very powerful tool for ecological research of microalgae in small volumes and may contribute to the knowledge of phycobiliproteins in vivo behavior and the parameters for the large-scale production of these pigments.
The catalogue presented here is novel not only in its degree of updating but also for the informa... more The catalogue presented here is novel not only in its degree of updating but also for the information itself, unpublished so far in any other checklists , especially those referring to the Portuguese red algal flora. The total number of freshwater rhodophyte taxa identified to date now amounts to 108. These results are organised in such a way as to identify the references according to their type: the checklist contains 68 species, 38 of which are from Portugal and 31 from Spain; 25 further species are cited as synonyms. We also found 15 taxa that we have not included in the list for various reasons concerning their location and authorship. Whenever possible we have connected the references to their respective hydrographic basins, thus contributing not only to information about the biodiversity of freshwater red algae but also their geographic distribution. This work emphasises the importance of checklists when dealing with an Iberian Flora on red algae, whilst pointing out those areas of Iberia that have remained poorly explored until now and the taxonomic groups of Rhodophyta which require further study.
ABSTRACT During a study of the algal flora of caves and abrigos in SE Spain, the presence of chas... more ABSTRACT During a study of the algal flora of caves and abrigos in SE Spain, the presence of chasmoendolithic species previously unknown in this type of environment was detected. The following chasmoendolithically growing cyanophytes were studied at ultrastructural level: Chroococcidiopsis cf. kashaii, Cyanosarcina cf. burmensis, Leptolyngbya gracillima, Leptolyngbya perforans, Phormidium molle and Pseudocapsa dubia. They were seen to have a more or less typical Gram negative cell wall, a widely varying sheath and a well developed thylakoid system, whose distribution followed taxonomic criteria. The most frequent inclusions were glycogen granules, polyhedral bodies, cyanophycin granules, polyphosphate granules, lipid inclusions and poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid granules. Their ultrastructure showed a cell structure typical for photosynthetic prokaryotes, while these seemed to be no common characteristics to indicate adaptation to endolithic life but only a taxonomic relation.
The river Benamor (River Segura tributary) is localized in the Southwestern region of Murcia. Its... more The river Benamor (River Segura tributary) is localized in the Southwestern region of Murcia. Its physico-chemical characteristics are the typical ones of streams in limestone areas. The effects of human disturbance are enhanced because of the scarce flow. Algal samples were taken during summer and winter in seven points along the riverbed, during the period 1982-83. Two hundred and sixty-seven species of algae were recorded, some of them are new for SE Spain.
Contribution to the knowledge of the algae of SE Spain. 1. Characeae The checklist of Charophytes... more Contribution to the knowledge of the algae of SE Spain. 1. Characeae The checklist of Charophytes of southeastern Spain is reported. On the basis of some bibliographical referentes and a great number of personal observations, the species ecology and distribution in the zone is presented. RESUMEN Se presenta un catálogo de los carófitos citados para el SE de España. Se aporta un gran número de citas nuevas para un total de 18 especies, de las que se indica su ecología así como su distribución en la zona.
This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or s... more This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
ABSTRACT The ecology of Chroothece was studied in the highly calcareous Río Chícamo, south-east S... more ABSTRACT The ecology of Chroothece was studied in the highly calcareous Río Chícamo, south-east Spain, in order to explain its success there, but rarity elsewhere. The river, which originates mainly from an underground aquifer, has water with high conductivity, sulphate and nitrate but low phosphate concentrations, the latter mainly organic. Chroothece occurs in mats and in lobed colonies reaching 4 cm in the broadest dimension. The colony surface consists of one layer of cells, each of which is attached to a stalk, which dichotomizes when the cell divides; stalks often extend to the colony base. The central region of many mat cells and almost all colony cells has a yellow to orange-brown colour, associated with the numerous lipid droplets densely covering the surface of the pyrenoid and arms of the star-shaped chloroplast. Field material and laboratory isolates indicate that stalk formation occurs under moderate P limitation and both stalks and cell sheath show high phosphatase activities. This also occurred in a culture collection strain maintained for 30 years in a very P-rich medium, but then transferred to a moderately P-limiting medium (c. 0.9 mg l−1). We suggest that colony formation is initiated by aggregation of motile cells following P pulses in the water. Comparisons are made with Rivularia, a competitor in this nitrate-rich river, in spite of being a N2-fixer. One difference is that Chroothece cells lie at the periphery of the colonies and are therefore exposed to maximum sunlight, whereas Rivularia trichomes grow inside colonies with photoprotection by scytonemin. However, the ability to withstand heavy grazing pressure may be an especially important factor favouring Rivularia here.
Botryocladia chiajeana and Botryocladia macaronesica sp. nov. (Rhodymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from t... more Botryocladia chiajeana and Botryocladia macaronesica sp. nov. (Rhodymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Mediterranean and the eastern Atlantic, with a discussion on the closely related genus Irvinea.
El catálogo de macroalgas marinas de Andalucía se basa en las contribuciones iniciales de Flores-... more El catálogo de macroalgas marinas de Andalucía se basa en las contribuciones iniciales de Flores-Moya et al. (1995a, 1995b) y Conde et al. (1996b), y en la serie posterior de adiciones de Conde et al. (1996a), Báez
Antecedentes. Ante los eventos de florecimientos de cianobacterias cada vez más frecuentes a nive... more Antecedentes. Ante los eventos de florecimientos de cianobacterias cada vez más frecuentes a nivel global, cuyos efectos son tóxicos y negativos para la salud humana, las mascotas, los animales del campo, la vida acuática y silvestre, es indispensable hacer pública la información más relevante respecto a este tema, ya que estos eventos tendrán cada vez más una mayor incidencia y frecuencia en un contexto de calentamiento global. Objetivos. Entre los objetivos principales de esta investigación destacan exhibir los impactos ambientales que causan las cianotoxinas, así como sus causas, y reconocer la falta de conocimiento sobre éstas, lo que ha impedido emprender medidas que disminuyan sus efectos negativos. Métodos. Se llevó a cabo una revisión de diversos estudios abarcando aspectos históricos e incorporando los primeros estudios hasta el contexto actual, con el fin de mostrar una breve descripción de las cianotoxinas más importantes y frecuentes en las aguas continentales. Resultados. Fue posible evidenciar los principales daños que causan en vertebrados y las consecuencias que provocan en los ecosistemas acuáticos, así como los niveles de referencia para evitar intoxicaciones por ingestión o contacto; también averiguar los métodos que se emplearon para su detección. Conclusiones. Es necesario hacer hincapié en la urgencia de atender integralmente los florecimientos algales y su monitoreo sistemático.
Andragulla Cave is 2 m high, 6 m wide, and 2 m long (deep). Its lack of depth means that it is no... more Andragulla Cave is 2 m high, 6 m wide, and 2 m long (deep). Its lack of depth means that it is not isolated from external influences, and the microclimate is very similar to that experienced externally. The common stress factors on the growth of cyanobacterial communities on walls inside of Andragulla Cave include excess light, dryness, lack of nutrients, and cold temperatures. Nitrogen fixation, photon flux, relative humidity, and temperature in Andragulla Cave were measured hourly over 24 hours in winter. Nitrogen fixation by the reddish-brown mat formed by both cyanobacteria Scytonema mirabile and Gloeocapsa sanguinea in cave-like environments was measured in situ for the first time by acetylene reduction. The mat-specific rates (1.6 to 7.5 nmol C 2 H 4 m 22 s 21) were lower compared to published values from laboratory measurements of rehydrated samples from different environments. Daytime fixation was slightly higher than nighttime fixation, where nitrogen fixation by Gloeocapsa sanguinea played an important role. The most influential parameters for environmental nitrogen fixation in Andragulla Cave were photon flux for daytime fixation, temperature for nighttime fixation, and relative humidity for both. Nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria may be significant in these N-poor ecosystems.
As part of an extensive study of the caves and abrigos of Murcia province (SE Spain), the first f... more As part of an extensive study of the caves and abrigos of Murcia province (SE Spain), the first floristic and environmental data for chasmoendolithic algae in cave-like environments are presented. Seven abrigos and two caves were studied. Photosynthetic active radiation, relative humidity and temperature were measured over a period of 2 years. 18 chasmoendolithic algae were identified: 2 Bacillariophyceae, 15 Cyanophyceae and 1 Xanthophyceae. The most diversified taxa were Gloeocapsa with three and Chroococcidiopsis and Leptolyngbya with two different species.
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