An earlier end-of-year survey of 52 field instructors revealed gaps in the ability of instructors... more An earlier end-of-year survey of 52 field instructors revealed gaps in the ability of instructors to directly address cultural concerns with student supervisees (Bain & Garcia, 1999). For this study, a transferrable model of diversity training was piloted with 11 field instructors that targeted their behavior in 3 domains—relationship with self, the supervisee, and the agency. Results from a questionnaire
International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 2006
Purpose: This hermeneutic phenomenological study examined the lived experience of persons recover... more Purpose: This hermeneutic phenomenological study examined the lived experience of persons recovering from serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI). The study reports results from the first six months of treatment and is part of a two-year longitudinal study. Method: Forty-four adults with SPMI referred to county case management services were recruited for the study. A semi-structured interview was conducted for 1-2 hours to elicit client narratives of their experience in recovery. The interviews were transcribed, read, and coded to cluster thematic aspects in each case and across cases. Atlas-t was used to recode transcripts and retrieve quotes to dimensionalize each essential theme. Transcripts were reread for confirming and disconfirming evidence for each theme. Results: Five themes were identified: 1) “life is happening around me” 2) striving for independence 3)“being in there with me” 4) pacing recovery and creating optimal challenge 5) the wish for meaningful community participation. Implications for Practice: Findings delineate critical factors in early stage recovery as identified by persons with SPMI. They highlight the need for clients to be an active collaborator in determining areas of therapeutic attention and emphasize the importance of relational factors in developing experiences of mastery and a more functional sense of self. Obstacles described by clients in early phase recovery provide new insight and meaning into problems of motivation and non-compliance in treatment. Findings suggest important areas for staff training and advocacy services
Covictims of homicide are a hidden and sparsely researched group whose needs, as crime victims, a... more Covictims of homicide are a hidden and sparsely researched group whose needs, as crime victims, are neglected and subsumed by the state's agenda for retributive justice. Likewise, their unique and distinct problems are given little consideration in the literature. This article appraises the relevance of the literature on trauma, bereavement, and meaning-making to this population; examines the research on covictims; and discusses the implications for research, practice, and policy. The review shows that trauma reactions are considered the major criterion of severity of victimization consequences. The emphasis on trauma, however, eclipses the significance of an invalidating social milieu and the efforts of covictims to regain their footing.
This pilot study presents findings from a project to evaluate a program initiated by a state chil... more This pilot study presents findings from a project to evaluate a program initiated by a state child welfare agency for its most hard-to-serve youth (N = 46). This emerging population is so dangerous and unmanageable that they are difficult, if not impossible, to place or treat. One state responded to this challenge by providing exceptional care through two residential treatment facilities who followed a no-eject, no-reject policy. Outcome data show that 85% of children had reductions in state-designated level of care and movement to less restrictive treatment placements. Differences in Children's Global Assessment Scale scores for Cohort 1 were statistically significant (t =-4.947, df = 24, p < .001). Staff assessment interviews delineated target behaviors, putative causes, mechanisms for change, and outcomes for children who successfully completed the program.
Comprend des références bibliographiques.2e édition.A Practitioner's Reference and Guide to I... more Comprend des références bibliographiques.2e édition.A Practitioner's Reference and Guide to Implement Restorative Justice on Campus. Here's a call to colleges and universities to consider implementing restorative practices on their campuses, ensuring fair treatment of students and staff while minimizing institutional liability, protecting the campus community, and boosting morale, from an associate dean of student affairs who has put these models to work on his campus. Restorative justice is a collaborative decision-making process that includes victims, offenders, and others who are seeking to hold offenders accountable by having them (a) accept and acknowledge responsibility for their offenses, (b) to the best of their ability, repair the harm they caused to victims and communities, and (c) work to reduce the risk of re-offense by building positive social ties to the community. David Karp writes in his introduction, "As a student affairs administrator, I have become deeply committed to the concept and practice of restorative justice. I have experienced how it can work given the very real pressures among campus conduct administrators to manage high case loads, ensure fair treatment, minimize institutional liability, protect the campus community, boost morale in a division with high turnover, and help students learn from their mistakes without creating insurmountable obstacles to their future successes.
W W W . t i k k u n . o r g t i k k u n 25 I n the United States, the criminal justice system is ... more W W W . t i k k u n . o r g t i k k u n 25 I n the United States, the criminal justice system is undergirded by a thirty-year era of “get tough” policies that have bred high rates of recidivism, a focus on punishing lawbreaking rather than attending to the harm experienced by crime victims, and ever-increasing expenditures that exceed amounts spent on education and health in some states’ budgets. Under the current system, over 6.7 million adults or 3.1 percent of the adult population is behind bars, on probation, or on parole. Research shows that incarceration—instead of curbing crime—makes nonviolent offenders into violent criminals and is a revolving door in and out of prison. Yet we continue to spend over $52 billion a year on corrections. The overuse of prison and extended probation casts a long shadow that devastates families and communities throughout the country. For example, African American men are imprisoned at six times the rate for whites. This disproportionality severs offenders from their children, who become the hidden or forgotten victims of crime today and are too often the newly incarcerated tomorrow. Our criminal justice system also burdens many ex-offenders with a felony record, which robs them of employment and leads many into homelessness, vagrancy, and future criminal behavior, in addition to robbing the state of possible income tax revenues. This is an out-of-control system that is fed, ominously, by students who are referred to alternative education programs. In Texas alone, the 100,000 students referred to such programs annually are five times more likely to drop out than their peers in mainstream schools, making them probable candidates for the school to prison pipeline. Roughly 80 percent of prison inmates never finished high school. As a society, we are in desperate need of a different approach to the problems created by crime and social injustice—an approach that puts energy into the future, not the past, an approach that begins with who has been hurt and what their needs may be, and finishes with giving wrongdoers a way back instead of guaranteeing them a lifetime of hardship.
International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, Jan 4, 2016
Research is limited on mechanisms of action in restorative justice interventions. This multimetho... more Research is limited on mechanisms of action in restorative justice interventions. This multimethods study delineates the change processes underlying a successful in-prison group treatment program by (a) examining shifts in offenders' self-schemas and (b) identifying key program components that influence this movement. Researchers assigned to small groups as "co-facilitators" gathered data using participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and psychological assessments at three time points. Mechanisms of action include group norms and behaviors that contrast with prior experiences and uncover offenders' self-schemas through intrapsychic processes, which prompt them to test and act upon new possible selves through the group process.
In response to the growing attention to integrated health care and the cultural change movement i... more In response to the growing attention to integrated health care and the cultural change movement in nursing homes, this study examines the lived experiences of nursing home social workers to better understand their role perceptions, job satisfaction, and relationship with other staff members. Hermeneutic phenomenology was used in order to understand the lived experience of being a nursing home social worker. Ten nursing home social workers were recruited from a southern state and individual interviews were conducted. From the interviews, four themes emerged: challenge, coping, mattering, and rewarding. Guided by identity negotiation theory and social identity theory, these findings are discussed. Also, implications for social work education, nursing home administration, and policy is discussed.
years is the "average number of years under sentence of death as of 12/31/09," in Texas). 42. Dea... more years is the "average number of years under sentence of death as of 12/31/09," in Texas). 42. Death Row Facts, TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF CRIM. JUST., http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/ stat/dr_facts.html (last visited Oct. 8, 2012) ("Effective January 12, 1996, close relatives and friends of the deceased victim were allowed to witness executions."). 2012] ULTIMATE PENAL SANCTION of lethal injections due to a worldwide shortage of one of the drugs, 43 the high number of wrongful convictions, 44 and continuation of the longstanding racial pattern of defendant bias. 45 B. Minnesota and LWOP Although Minnesota is considered a non-death penalty state, it too has an early history of public lynchings-most often of Native Americans and African Americans. 46 Moreover, in 1849, when Congress created the Minnesota Territory, territorial law held that "all persons convicted of premeditated murder automatically received death sentences." 47 Prior to the 1880s, lynchings and state-sanctioned executions attracted hordes of spectators, fueling a mob mentality that energized the crowds. 48 In particular, the controversial, state-supported hanging of Ann Bilansky, in 1860, laid the groundwork for the anti-death penalty movement, which began in the 1880s.
This study examines the characteristics of Texas youth designated as 'most difficult to place... more This study examines the characteristics of Texas youth designated as 'most difficult to place' recipients of service under the "Exceptional Care Pilot Project" (N = 46). Findings include, among others, high levels of comorbid psychiatric disturbance (> 3 diagnostic groupings), physical (78.3%) and sexual (88%) maltreatment, and placement breakdowns (m = 4.8 therapeutic placements). This initial profile of the population provides a base for helping other states identify and plan for the needs of their most troubled youth.
Restorative justice initiatives have been identified as primarily, if not exclusively, useful as ... more Restorative justice initiatives have been identified as primarily, if not exclusively, useful as a "front-end" diversionary option reserved for non violent property crimes and minor assaults. In-prison restorative justice programs are rare and have not been examined for their impact on recidivism. Bridges to Life (BTL) is a voluntary, manualized, ecumenical faith-based restorative justice program offered to incarcerated offenders who are within nine months of their release. A survey of BTL graduates (n=1021) found an appreciatively lower recidivism rate than the general population of released inmates. Quantitative and qualitative analyses suggest that BTL helps break through offenders' denial and self-centeredness, exposing them to the impact of their actions and helping them feel the pain their crimes created. Possible reasons for the positive nature of participants' responses are advanced. The use of in-prison restorative justice programs to facilitate offender r...
An earlier end-of-year survey of 52 field instructors revealed gaps in the ability of instructors... more An earlier end-of-year survey of 52 field instructors revealed gaps in the ability of instructors to directly address cultural concerns with student supervisees (Bain &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Garcia, 1999). For this study, a transferrable model of diversity training was piloted with 11 field instructors that targeted their behavior in 3 domains—relationship with self, the supervisee, and the agency. Results from a questionnaire
International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 2006
Purpose: This hermeneutic phenomenological study examined the lived experience of persons recover... more Purpose: This hermeneutic phenomenological study examined the lived experience of persons recovering from serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI). The study reports results from the first six months of treatment and is part of a two-year longitudinal study. Method: Forty-four adults with SPMI referred to county case management services were recruited for the study. A semi-structured interview was conducted for 1-2 hours to elicit client narratives of their experience in recovery. The interviews were transcribed, read, and coded to cluster thematic aspects in each case and across cases. Atlas-t was used to recode transcripts and retrieve quotes to dimensionalize each essential theme. Transcripts were reread for confirming and disconfirming evidence for each theme. Results: Five themes were identified: 1) “life is happening around me” 2) striving for independence 3)“being in there with me” 4) pacing recovery and creating optimal challenge 5) the wish for meaningful community participation. Implications for Practice: Findings delineate critical factors in early stage recovery as identified by persons with SPMI. They highlight the need for clients to be an active collaborator in determining areas of therapeutic attention and emphasize the importance of relational factors in developing experiences of mastery and a more functional sense of self. Obstacles described by clients in early phase recovery provide new insight and meaning into problems of motivation and non-compliance in treatment. Findings suggest important areas for staff training and advocacy services
Covictims of homicide are a hidden and sparsely researched group whose needs, as crime victims, a... more Covictims of homicide are a hidden and sparsely researched group whose needs, as crime victims, are neglected and subsumed by the state's agenda for retributive justice. Likewise, their unique and distinct problems are given little consideration in the literature. This article appraises the relevance of the literature on trauma, bereavement, and meaning-making to this population; examines the research on covictims; and discusses the implications for research, practice, and policy. The review shows that trauma reactions are considered the major criterion of severity of victimization consequences. The emphasis on trauma, however, eclipses the significance of an invalidating social milieu and the efforts of covictims to regain their footing.
This pilot study presents findings from a project to evaluate a program initiated by a state chil... more This pilot study presents findings from a project to evaluate a program initiated by a state child welfare agency for its most hard-to-serve youth (N = 46). This emerging population is so dangerous and unmanageable that they are difficult, if not impossible, to place or treat. One state responded to this challenge by providing exceptional care through two residential treatment facilities who followed a no-eject, no-reject policy. Outcome data show that 85% of children had reductions in state-designated level of care and movement to less restrictive treatment placements. Differences in Children's Global Assessment Scale scores for Cohort 1 were statistically significant (t =-4.947, df = 24, p < .001). Staff assessment interviews delineated target behaviors, putative causes, mechanisms for change, and outcomes for children who successfully completed the program.
Comprend des références bibliographiques.2e édition.A Practitioner's Reference and Guide to I... more Comprend des références bibliographiques.2e édition.A Practitioner's Reference and Guide to Implement Restorative Justice on Campus. Here's a call to colleges and universities to consider implementing restorative practices on their campuses, ensuring fair treatment of students and staff while minimizing institutional liability, protecting the campus community, and boosting morale, from an associate dean of student affairs who has put these models to work on his campus. Restorative justice is a collaborative decision-making process that includes victims, offenders, and others who are seeking to hold offenders accountable by having them (a) accept and acknowledge responsibility for their offenses, (b) to the best of their ability, repair the harm they caused to victims and communities, and (c) work to reduce the risk of re-offense by building positive social ties to the community. David Karp writes in his introduction, "As a student affairs administrator, I have become deeply committed to the concept and practice of restorative justice. I have experienced how it can work given the very real pressures among campus conduct administrators to manage high case loads, ensure fair treatment, minimize institutional liability, protect the campus community, boost morale in a division with high turnover, and help students learn from their mistakes without creating insurmountable obstacles to their future successes.
W W W . t i k k u n . o r g t i k k u n 25 I n the United States, the criminal justice system is ... more W W W . t i k k u n . o r g t i k k u n 25 I n the United States, the criminal justice system is undergirded by a thirty-year era of “get tough” policies that have bred high rates of recidivism, a focus on punishing lawbreaking rather than attending to the harm experienced by crime victims, and ever-increasing expenditures that exceed amounts spent on education and health in some states’ budgets. Under the current system, over 6.7 million adults or 3.1 percent of the adult population is behind bars, on probation, or on parole. Research shows that incarceration—instead of curbing crime—makes nonviolent offenders into violent criminals and is a revolving door in and out of prison. Yet we continue to spend over $52 billion a year on corrections. The overuse of prison and extended probation casts a long shadow that devastates families and communities throughout the country. For example, African American men are imprisoned at six times the rate for whites. This disproportionality severs offenders from their children, who become the hidden or forgotten victims of crime today and are too often the newly incarcerated tomorrow. Our criminal justice system also burdens many ex-offenders with a felony record, which robs them of employment and leads many into homelessness, vagrancy, and future criminal behavior, in addition to robbing the state of possible income tax revenues. This is an out-of-control system that is fed, ominously, by students who are referred to alternative education programs. In Texas alone, the 100,000 students referred to such programs annually are five times more likely to drop out than their peers in mainstream schools, making them probable candidates for the school to prison pipeline. Roughly 80 percent of prison inmates never finished high school. As a society, we are in desperate need of a different approach to the problems created by crime and social injustice—an approach that puts energy into the future, not the past, an approach that begins with who has been hurt and what their needs may be, and finishes with giving wrongdoers a way back instead of guaranteeing them a lifetime of hardship.
International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, Jan 4, 2016
Research is limited on mechanisms of action in restorative justice interventions. This multimetho... more Research is limited on mechanisms of action in restorative justice interventions. This multimethods study delineates the change processes underlying a successful in-prison group treatment program by (a) examining shifts in offenders' self-schemas and (b) identifying key program components that influence this movement. Researchers assigned to small groups as "co-facilitators" gathered data using participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and psychological assessments at three time points. Mechanisms of action include group norms and behaviors that contrast with prior experiences and uncover offenders' self-schemas through intrapsychic processes, which prompt them to test and act upon new possible selves through the group process.
In response to the growing attention to integrated health care and the cultural change movement i... more In response to the growing attention to integrated health care and the cultural change movement in nursing homes, this study examines the lived experiences of nursing home social workers to better understand their role perceptions, job satisfaction, and relationship with other staff members. Hermeneutic phenomenology was used in order to understand the lived experience of being a nursing home social worker. Ten nursing home social workers were recruited from a southern state and individual interviews were conducted. From the interviews, four themes emerged: challenge, coping, mattering, and rewarding. Guided by identity negotiation theory and social identity theory, these findings are discussed. Also, implications for social work education, nursing home administration, and policy is discussed.
years is the "average number of years under sentence of death as of 12/31/09," in Texas). 42. Dea... more years is the "average number of years under sentence of death as of 12/31/09," in Texas). 42. Death Row Facts, TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF CRIM. JUST., http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/ stat/dr_facts.html (last visited Oct. 8, 2012) ("Effective January 12, 1996, close relatives and friends of the deceased victim were allowed to witness executions."). 2012] ULTIMATE PENAL SANCTION of lethal injections due to a worldwide shortage of one of the drugs, 43 the high number of wrongful convictions, 44 and continuation of the longstanding racial pattern of defendant bias. 45 B. Minnesota and LWOP Although Minnesota is considered a non-death penalty state, it too has an early history of public lynchings-most often of Native Americans and African Americans. 46 Moreover, in 1849, when Congress created the Minnesota Territory, territorial law held that "all persons convicted of premeditated murder automatically received death sentences." 47 Prior to the 1880s, lynchings and state-sanctioned executions attracted hordes of spectators, fueling a mob mentality that energized the crowds. 48 In particular, the controversial, state-supported hanging of Ann Bilansky, in 1860, laid the groundwork for the anti-death penalty movement, which began in the 1880s.
This study examines the characteristics of Texas youth designated as 'most difficult to place... more This study examines the characteristics of Texas youth designated as 'most difficult to place' recipients of service under the "Exceptional Care Pilot Project" (N = 46). Findings include, among others, high levels of comorbid psychiatric disturbance (> 3 diagnostic groupings), physical (78.3%) and sexual (88%) maltreatment, and placement breakdowns (m = 4.8 therapeutic placements). This initial profile of the population provides a base for helping other states identify and plan for the needs of their most troubled youth.
Restorative justice initiatives have been identified as primarily, if not exclusively, useful as ... more Restorative justice initiatives have been identified as primarily, if not exclusively, useful as a "front-end" diversionary option reserved for non violent property crimes and minor assaults. In-prison restorative justice programs are rare and have not been examined for their impact on recidivism. Bridges to Life (BTL) is a voluntary, manualized, ecumenical faith-based restorative justice program offered to incarcerated offenders who are within nine months of their release. A survey of BTL graduates (n=1021) found an appreciatively lower recidivism rate than the general population of released inmates. Quantitative and qualitative analyses suggest that BTL helps break through offenders' denial and self-centeredness, exposing them to the impact of their actions and helping them feel the pain their crimes created. Possible reasons for the positive nature of participants' responses are advanced. The use of in-prison restorative justice programs to facilitate offender r...
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