A partallam nem mult el nyomtalanul. Hatasa az osszeomlast kovető atalakulasra maig is tart. Mara... more A partallam nem mult el nyomtalanul. Hatasa az osszeomlast kovető atalakulasra maig is tart. Maradvanyai csak lassan tűnnek el. Tartosnak bizonyulnak azok a feszultsegek is, amelyek a gyors osszeomlas es a viszonylag lassu intezmenyesules miatt keletkeztek. Csak fokozatosan csokken az a posztszocialista atalakulasra jellemző halmozott bizonytalansag is, amelyet a gyakori, egyszerre tobb dimenzioban es nagy tomegeket erintő valtozekonysag okoz. Az uj gazdasagi-intezmenyi szerkezet kialakulasaig es stabilizalodasaig a dontesek veletlenszerűek, kivitelezhetőseguk bizonytalan, a dontesi folyamat sokszor irracionalis es ezek miatt a strategiai magatartas nehezsegekbe utkozik (Csanadi [1995]). A cikkben előszor a torvenyek kialakulasanak es ervenyesulesenek intezmenyi felteteleivel foglalkozunk, majd leirjuk, hogy ebben a kozegben hogyan alakult a kornyezetvedelem helyzete a privatizacioval osszefuggő szabalyozas valtozasainak egyes szakaszaiban.
Party-States and their Legacies in Post-Communist Transformation is a unique investigation into t... more Party-States and their Legacies in Post-Communist Transformation is a unique investigation into the construction, operation, self-destruction and transition of Hungarian politics from the 1960s to the mid- 1990s. It presents a rich picture which draws upon an extraordinary body of data and provides not just simply a retrospective theoretical analysis of the system, but details of everyday life within the state apparatus.
The paper is based on empirical surveys in different spheres of the decision-making system on the... more The paper is based on empirical surveys in different spheres of the decision-making system on the last 20-25 years of the Hungarian party-state system. It treats the origin of the rigidity of the interlocked communist party-state system which failed to accomodate the world market. On the basis of the experiences we suggest a model that is also given mathematically. We describe the well-defined principles of the interlocking. interdependent entangled networlc. of political, governmental and economic decision making of the Hungarian party-state system. We show that it was built on a self similar fashion at every level. Our starting point is that the so called "planned economy" constantly failed in planning because the politically monopolized system was based on political rather than economic rationality of behaviors. This politically rational behavior running through the whole structure distorted the economic system led to a constant drive for growth. to unavoidable interventions. to consuming instead of investing resources. to constrained paths in distributing investments. to the absolption and neutralization of refonns. to the rigidity of the economic structure. to indefinite dependences and interest enforcement possibilities. to selectivity based on political criteria. and thus as an overall result to uncertainty in economic planning. In view of this there was no possibility to make comparison and judgement on an economic basis among goals. resources. outputs. economic power. perfonnances. real needs. real expenses. etc. This lack of possibility was stabilized and strengthened by the constant aspirations towards autarchy. The final result was that these uncertainties-as we show-led to pattern recognition type decision making in Hungary. We analyze the system as a recognizing machine based on political criteria. an architecture which under the influence of input patterns creates. self-organizes and self-stabilizes its recognition codes. Learning takes place by the feedback of behavioral success of the system. We show that the Hungarian party-state system had strong similarities and interesting dissimilarities with the ART model [1). We follow how this quasi-ART system develops self-supporting mechanisms. and treat the concepts of stability. adaptability. etc. with the help of concepts developed in the ART model. Briefly. we discuss. why other party-state systems were different in spite of the self-similar structures. We establish the presence of resonance like decision-making in the Hungarian party-state system. We show. that the some of the basic ingredients of ART learning were present; (i) the system was a two level system. (ii) the appropriate hierarchy of short tenn memories and long tenn memories existed. and (iii) the system tried to learn with the help of a mismatch-mediated activity rearrangement procedure. The system's fate was detennined by its deviances from the self-organizing and self-stabilizing architecture of ART. We note. that ART model uses fmely tuned mechanisms to solve the design problems. The existence of such mechanisms is questionable in the party-state system: Learning requires the fine and tunable distinction between input noise and input signals. i.e. there is a need for a mechanism of tuming inputs considered as noise under less demanding conditions into features of new recognition categories under more demanding conditions. that is after punishing environmental feedbacks. However. the system was finely tuned by political instead of economic rationality. and filters out economic input patterns as noise and thus there was no economic control within the system. The producing stage could always excite the directing stage. This is called attentional priming in the ART model. Attentional priming may result in resonances without real inputs. In ART a special mechanism was designed to avoid the generation of such virtual resonances. This mechanism was not present in the quasi-ART system of the Hungarian party-state. The lack of that mechanism led to selfexcitations. The arousal of the STM activity of the production stage should result in the stable learning of the new pattern. This seems not to be the case during the learning course of the Hungarian party-state system.
Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, Aug 9, 2016
This paper analyzes the similarities and differences in the structure and dynamics of partystates... more This paper analyzes the similarities and differences in the structure and dynamics of partystatesystems and their different metamorphosis from a comparative perspective. This approach allows interpretation of the Chinese system specifics and its transformation within this framework. Theoretical findings are based on empirical reseach carried out in Hungary, Romania and China by the author between 1975 and 2014. Empirical research revealed a politically monopolized interactive and intertwined network of dependency and interest promotion among actors in the party, the state and the economy during decision-making. This network possesses similar elements and connecting and operating principles whatever the time, the space and the level of its aggregation. It renders the structural background of power distribution and that of the politically rational behavior of economic actors in the selective distribution of resources and in the overall drive for growth resulting in frequent investment overheating and overcapacity. The comparative framework also defines the structural varieties of power distribution in the network that are responsible for the differences in the operation and the sequence, speed, and conditions of system transformation.
In this paper, we scrutinize in the transforming party-state system of China the subtle dynamics ... more In this paper, we scrutinize in the transforming party-state system of China the subtle dynamics of enterprise adaptation to state interventions, which react to hardening external and internal constraints. We use a comparative systemic framework that interprets adaptation in the context of system dynamics and transformation (Csanadi, 2006). We analyze a firm-level database of the Chinese industry from 1998 to 2013 with more than 3.8 million entities. Enterprise sensitivity and adaptation is measured by entries and exits. Taking a systemic approach, we distinguish enterprises that belong to either the party-state network or to the market as two economic sub-spheres defined by our analytical framework. Using the dynamics of entries and exits of industrial enterprises in each of these two spheres, we measure their expansion and contraction as well as that of the speed of both. Different speed allows for the quantification of the dynamics of economic transformation. Our results reveal t...
A kézirat első változata 2016. szeptember 8-án érkezett szerkesztőségünkbe. Ez a tanulmány egy ko... more A kézirat első változata 2016. szeptember 8-án érkezett szerkesztőségünkbe. Ez a tanulmány egy konferenciára készült háttéranyag rövidített változata. A konferencia címe: Az állam szerepe a kapitalizmus különböző változataiban-eredmények és kihívások Kelet-Európában és a feltörekvő piacokon (The Role of State in Varieties of Capitalism-Achievements and Challenges for Central and Eastern Europe and the Emerging Markets).
This paper introduces the general and specific straits of the structure, operation and transforma... more This paper introduces the general and specific straits of the structure, operation and transformation of party-states, with special focus on China. These traits may be revealed in the power network that evolved from the dependency and interest promotion relationships among actors in the party, the state and the economy during the decision-making process. The network provides the dynamic context of economic, political and state decisions while also serves as a comparative framework for different party-states and their transformation. This framework allows the author to both categorize and confront with each other the several theoretical approaches regarding the Chinese economic and political system.
CERS-IE Working Papers are circulated to promote discussion and provoque comments, they have not ... more CERS-IE Working Papers are circulated to promote discussion and provoque comments, they have not been peer-reviewed. Any references to discussion papers should clearly state that the paper is preliminary. Materials published in this series may be subject to further publication.
CERS-IE Working Papers are circulated to promote discussion and provoque comments, they have not ... more CERS-IE Working Papers are circulated to promote discussion and provoque comments, they have not been peer-reviewed. Any references to discussion papers should clearly state that the paper is preliminary. Materials published in this series may be subject to further publication.
This paper draws up an empirically based comparative analytical model called by its constructor a... more This paper draws up an empirically based comparative analytical model called by its constructor as the Interactive party-state model (IPS). It details the elements, the principles of connection of these elements and the principle of operation of the whole party-state construct. It also defines the specific principles of operation based on the characteristics of the structure, the specific motivations and behavior deriving from those. The model reveals the structural reasons of the differences in power distribution and describes how these structural differences imply different frequency of meeting structural constraints for reproduction, different time-span for recreating cohesion and different means of resource acquisition for selfreproduction, leading to different paths of development and transformation. The IPS model points to the consequences of these different dynamics on the location, pace, sequence of reforms and the regime these reforms occur.
Through the introduction of a comparative party-state model, I will first demonstrate that due to... more Through the introduction of a comparative party-state model, I will first demonstrate that due to specific structural and dynamic constraints, the capacity of party-states to learn is both limited and uneven. Differences in the room for manoeuvre are defined by structural and dynamic specifics of power distribution. These will determine the invariable implementation of structurespecific instruments of resource extraction and distribution and their escalation under external pressure no matter the requirements of adaptation. Accelerated implementation of structure-specific instruments leads to different paths of self-destruction rather than adaptation. Adaptation is therefore structurally constrained and self-consuming in party-states. Second,these theoretical arguments will be empirically demonstrated through the economic policy efforts to adapt to market pressures in three radically different party-states - Romania, Hungary by the end of the 1980s and China from early 1990s.
This paper revisits the widely known and used concept of soft budget constraints in party-states ... more This paper revisits the widely known and used concept of soft budget constraints in party-states introduced by Kornai (1980), from the point of view of a comparative analytical model (Csan�di, 2003). It embeds budget constraints in the structure of power relations described by the model as the interactive structure of interrelations between party-, state- and economic decision-makers on the level of individual actors. In this respect, we argue, that soft budget constraints will acquire several new structure-specific traits presented in the paper that are worth to consider. The new properties of budget constraints nested in power relations will define the selectively soft and hard constraints of self-reproduction of the net. The distribution of power will define the dynamics of reproduction of the structure as a whole. The differences in the distribution of power will be responsible for the frequency of its hardening reproduction constraints. Soft and hard reproduction constraints an...
This paper analyzes the impact of global financial and economic crisis on the process of system t... more This paper analyzes the impact of global financial and economic crisis on the process of system transformation in China. First, it details the direct impact of global growth on macroeconomic development and its indirect impact on economic transformation. Second, it analyzes the direct impact of global crisis on macroeconomic decline and its indirect impact on the prospects of political transformation. The paper builds on the basic principles and ideas of the Interactive Party-State model 2 to introduce the concept of transformation dynamics. This concept implies the direction and speed of change of the retreating party-state sphere and the emergence of the field outside of it during the process of transformation. Using this concept a statistical survey was carried out on the economic transformation of the Chinese party-state. 3 Results reveal the disparities of the dynamics of transformation in time, in space, and at different levels of aggregation between 1999 and 2004. A dominant type of transformation dynamics is revealed during this period and the shift of dominant type within that period,
I shall argue that the Interactive Party-State (IPS) model (Csanádi, 1997) allows us to place the... more I shall argue that the Interactive Party-State (IPS) model (Csanádi, 1997) allows us to place the Chinese and Hungarian party-state structure and dynamics into a common framework. This framework sheds light on the structural reasons behind the different functional effects of reforms. This paper is divided into three major parts. In the first section I summarize the structural and dynamic properties of the IPS model. This is followed by arguments raised regarding its general nature, and consequently, the applicability of the model to China based on common structural and operational grounds. Finally, I will reveal that behind the robust common ground, the different structural specifics may give rise to the divergent development paths. The primary focus is theoretical, with empirical examples provided. Consistent empirical analysis based on the model will be a following undertaking.
Global downturn in 2008 exerted strong adaptation pressures on China that incited prompt state re... more Global downturn in 2008 exerted strong adaptation pressures on China that incited prompt state response. The one-off large state intervention had consequences in several dimensions: on the one hand, it had a positive impact on the system's short-term economic, social and political stability by dynamizing different economic sub-spheres. State intervention, at the same time, temporary slowed down the process of economic transformation and also mobilized system characteristics that lead to overheating and to renewed state intervention to cool it down. This paper sheds light on the consequences of adaptation to external and internal pressures on national, sectoral, regional, and structural dimensions from a systemic point of view.
I shall argue that the Interactive Party-State (IPS) model (Csanádi, 1997) allows us to place the... more I shall argue that the Interactive Party-State (IPS) model (Csanádi, 1997) allows us to place the Chinese and Hungarian party-state structure and dynamics into a common framework. This framework sheds light on the structural reasons behind the different functional effects of reforms. This paper is divided into three major parts. In the first section I summarize the structural and dynamic properties of the IPS model. This is followed by arguments raised regarding its general nature, and consequently, the applicability of the model to China based on common structural and operational grounds. Finally, I will reveal that behind the robust common ground, the different structural specifics may give rise to the divergent development paths. The primary focus is theoretical, with empirical examples provided. Consistent empirical analysis based on the model will be a following undertaking.
A partallam nem mult el nyomtalanul. Hatasa az osszeomlast kovető atalakulasra maig is tart. Mara... more A partallam nem mult el nyomtalanul. Hatasa az osszeomlast kovető atalakulasra maig is tart. Maradvanyai csak lassan tűnnek el. Tartosnak bizonyulnak azok a feszultsegek is, amelyek a gyors osszeomlas es a viszonylag lassu intezmenyesules miatt keletkeztek. Csak fokozatosan csokken az a posztszocialista atalakulasra jellemző halmozott bizonytalansag is, amelyet a gyakori, egyszerre tobb dimenzioban es nagy tomegeket erintő valtozekonysag okoz. Az uj gazdasagi-intezmenyi szerkezet kialakulasaig es stabilizalodasaig a dontesek veletlenszerűek, kivitelezhetőseguk bizonytalan, a dontesi folyamat sokszor irracionalis es ezek miatt a strategiai magatartas nehezsegekbe utkozik (Csanadi [1995]). A cikkben előszor a torvenyek kialakulasanak es ervenyesulesenek intezmenyi felteteleivel foglalkozunk, majd leirjuk, hogy ebben a kozegben hogyan alakult a kornyezetvedelem helyzete a privatizacioval osszefuggő szabalyozas valtozasainak egyes szakaszaiban.
Party-States and their Legacies in Post-Communist Transformation is a unique investigation into t... more Party-States and their Legacies in Post-Communist Transformation is a unique investigation into the construction, operation, self-destruction and transition of Hungarian politics from the 1960s to the mid- 1990s. It presents a rich picture which draws upon an extraordinary body of data and provides not just simply a retrospective theoretical analysis of the system, but details of everyday life within the state apparatus.
The paper is based on empirical surveys in different spheres of the decision-making system on the... more The paper is based on empirical surveys in different spheres of the decision-making system on the last 20-25 years of the Hungarian party-state system. It treats the origin of the rigidity of the interlocked communist party-state system which failed to accomodate the world market. On the basis of the experiences we suggest a model that is also given mathematically. We describe the well-defined principles of the interlocking. interdependent entangled networlc. of political, governmental and economic decision making of the Hungarian party-state system. We show that it was built on a self similar fashion at every level. Our starting point is that the so called "planned economy" constantly failed in planning because the politically monopolized system was based on political rather than economic rationality of behaviors. This politically rational behavior running through the whole structure distorted the economic system led to a constant drive for growth. to unavoidable interventions. to consuming instead of investing resources. to constrained paths in distributing investments. to the absolption and neutralization of refonns. to the rigidity of the economic structure. to indefinite dependences and interest enforcement possibilities. to selectivity based on political criteria. and thus as an overall result to uncertainty in economic planning. In view of this there was no possibility to make comparison and judgement on an economic basis among goals. resources. outputs. economic power. perfonnances. real needs. real expenses. etc. This lack of possibility was stabilized and strengthened by the constant aspirations towards autarchy. The final result was that these uncertainties-as we show-led to pattern recognition type decision making in Hungary. We analyze the system as a recognizing machine based on political criteria. an architecture which under the influence of input patterns creates. self-organizes and self-stabilizes its recognition codes. Learning takes place by the feedback of behavioral success of the system. We show that the Hungarian party-state system had strong similarities and interesting dissimilarities with the ART model [1). We follow how this quasi-ART system develops self-supporting mechanisms. and treat the concepts of stability. adaptability. etc. with the help of concepts developed in the ART model. Briefly. we discuss. why other party-state systems were different in spite of the self-similar structures. We establish the presence of resonance like decision-making in the Hungarian party-state system. We show. that the some of the basic ingredients of ART learning were present; (i) the system was a two level system. (ii) the appropriate hierarchy of short tenn memories and long tenn memories existed. and (iii) the system tried to learn with the help of a mismatch-mediated activity rearrangement procedure. The system's fate was detennined by its deviances from the self-organizing and self-stabilizing architecture of ART. We note. that ART model uses fmely tuned mechanisms to solve the design problems. The existence of such mechanisms is questionable in the party-state system: Learning requires the fine and tunable distinction between input noise and input signals. i.e. there is a need for a mechanism of tuming inputs considered as noise under less demanding conditions into features of new recognition categories under more demanding conditions. that is after punishing environmental feedbacks. However. the system was finely tuned by political instead of economic rationality. and filters out economic input patterns as noise and thus there was no economic control within the system. The producing stage could always excite the directing stage. This is called attentional priming in the ART model. Attentional priming may result in resonances without real inputs. In ART a special mechanism was designed to avoid the generation of such virtual resonances. This mechanism was not present in the quasi-ART system of the Hungarian party-state. The lack of that mechanism led to selfexcitations. The arousal of the STM activity of the production stage should result in the stable learning of the new pattern. This seems not to be the case during the learning course of the Hungarian party-state system.
Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, Aug 9, 2016
This paper analyzes the similarities and differences in the structure and dynamics of partystates... more This paper analyzes the similarities and differences in the structure and dynamics of partystatesystems and their different metamorphosis from a comparative perspective. This approach allows interpretation of the Chinese system specifics and its transformation within this framework. Theoretical findings are based on empirical reseach carried out in Hungary, Romania and China by the author between 1975 and 2014. Empirical research revealed a politically monopolized interactive and intertwined network of dependency and interest promotion among actors in the party, the state and the economy during decision-making. This network possesses similar elements and connecting and operating principles whatever the time, the space and the level of its aggregation. It renders the structural background of power distribution and that of the politically rational behavior of economic actors in the selective distribution of resources and in the overall drive for growth resulting in frequent investment overheating and overcapacity. The comparative framework also defines the structural varieties of power distribution in the network that are responsible for the differences in the operation and the sequence, speed, and conditions of system transformation.
In this paper, we scrutinize in the transforming party-state system of China the subtle dynamics ... more In this paper, we scrutinize in the transforming party-state system of China the subtle dynamics of enterprise adaptation to state interventions, which react to hardening external and internal constraints. We use a comparative systemic framework that interprets adaptation in the context of system dynamics and transformation (Csanadi, 2006). We analyze a firm-level database of the Chinese industry from 1998 to 2013 with more than 3.8 million entities. Enterprise sensitivity and adaptation is measured by entries and exits. Taking a systemic approach, we distinguish enterprises that belong to either the party-state network or to the market as two economic sub-spheres defined by our analytical framework. Using the dynamics of entries and exits of industrial enterprises in each of these two spheres, we measure their expansion and contraction as well as that of the speed of both. Different speed allows for the quantification of the dynamics of economic transformation. Our results reveal t...
A kézirat első változata 2016. szeptember 8-án érkezett szerkesztőségünkbe. Ez a tanulmány egy ko... more A kézirat első változata 2016. szeptember 8-án érkezett szerkesztőségünkbe. Ez a tanulmány egy konferenciára készült háttéranyag rövidített változata. A konferencia címe: Az állam szerepe a kapitalizmus különböző változataiban-eredmények és kihívások Kelet-Európában és a feltörekvő piacokon (The Role of State in Varieties of Capitalism-Achievements and Challenges for Central and Eastern Europe and the Emerging Markets).
This paper introduces the general and specific straits of the structure, operation and transforma... more This paper introduces the general and specific straits of the structure, operation and transformation of party-states, with special focus on China. These traits may be revealed in the power network that evolved from the dependency and interest promotion relationships among actors in the party, the state and the economy during the decision-making process. The network provides the dynamic context of economic, political and state decisions while also serves as a comparative framework for different party-states and their transformation. This framework allows the author to both categorize and confront with each other the several theoretical approaches regarding the Chinese economic and political system.
CERS-IE Working Papers are circulated to promote discussion and provoque comments, they have not ... more CERS-IE Working Papers are circulated to promote discussion and provoque comments, they have not been peer-reviewed. Any references to discussion papers should clearly state that the paper is preliminary. Materials published in this series may be subject to further publication.
CERS-IE Working Papers are circulated to promote discussion and provoque comments, they have not ... more CERS-IE Working Papers are circulated to promote discussion and provoque comments, they have not been peer-reviewed. Any references to discussion papers should clearly state that the paper is preliminary. Materials published in this series may be subject to further publication.
This paper draws up an empirically based comparative analytical model called by its constructor a... more This paper draws up an empirically based comparative analytical model called by its constructor as the Interactive party-state model (IPS). It details the elements, the principles of connection of these elements and the principle of operation of the whole party-state construct. It also defines the specific principles of operation based on the characteristics of the structure, the specific motivations and behavior deriving from those. The model reveals the structural reasons of the differences in power distribution and describes how these structural differences imply different frequency of meeting structural constraints for reproduction, different time-span for recreating cohesion and different means of resource acquisition for selfreproduction, leading to different paths of development and transformation. The IPS model points to the consequences of these different dynamics on the location, pace, sequence of reforms and the regime these reforms occur.
Through the introduction of a comparative party-state model, I will first demonstrate that due to... more Through the introduction of a comparative party-state model, I will first demonstrate that due to specific structural and dynamic constraints, the capacity of party-states to learn is both limited and uneven. Differences in the room for manoeuvre are defined by structural and dynamic specifics of power distribution. These will determine the invariable implementation of structurespecific instruments of resource extraction and distribution and their escalation under external pressure no matter the requirements of adaptation. Accelerated implementation of structure-specific instruments leads to different paths of self-destruction rather than adaptation. Adaptation is therefore structurally constrained and self-consuming in party-states. Second,these theoretical arguments will be empirically demonstrated through the economic policy efforts to adapt to market pressures in three radically different party-states - Romania, Hungary by the end of the 1980s and China from early 1990s.
This paper revisits the widely known and used concept of soft budget constraints in party-states ... more This paper revisits the widely known and used concept of soft budget constraints in party-states introduced by Kornai (1980), from the point of view of a comparative analytical model (Csan�di, 2003). It embeds budget constraints in the structure of power relations described by the model as the interactive structure of interrelations between party-, state- and economic decision-makers on the level of individual actors. In this respect, we argue, that soft budget constraints will acquire several new structure-specific traits presented in the paper that are worth to consider. The new properties of budget constraints nested in power relations will define the selectively soft and hard constraints of self-reproduction of the net. The distribution of power will define the dynamics of reproduction of the structure as a whole. The differences in the distribution of power will be responsible for the frequency of its hardening reproduction constraints. Soft and hard reproduction constraints an...
This paper analyzes the impact of global financial and economic crisis on the process of system t... more This paper analyzes the impact of global financial and economic crisis on the process of system transformation in China. First, it details the direct impact of global growth on macroeconomic development and its indirect impact on economic transformation. Second, it analyzes the direct impact of global crisis on macroeconomic decline and its indirect impact on the prospects of political transformation. The paper builds on the basic principles and ideas of the Interactive Party-State model 2 to introduce the concept of transformation dynamics. This concept implies the direction and speed of change of the retreating party-state sphere and the emergence of the field outside of it during the process of transformation. Using this concept a statistical survey was carried out on the economic transformation of the Chinese party-state. 3 Results reveal the disparities of the dynamics of transformation in time, in space, and at different levels of aggregation between 1999 and 2004. A dominant type of transformation dynamics is revealed during this period and the shift of dominant type within that period,
I shall argue that the Interactive Party-State (IPS) model (Csanádi, 1997) allows us to place the... more I shall argue that the Interactive Party-State (IPS) model (Csanádi, 1997) allows us to place the Chinese and Hungarian party-state structure and dynamics into a common framework. This framework sheds light on the structural reasons behind the different functional effects of reforms. This paper is divided into three major parts. In the first section I summarize the structural and dynamic properties of the IPS model. This is followed by arguments raised regarding its general nature, and consequently, the applicability of the model to China based on common structural and operational grounds. Finally, I will reveal that behind the robust common ground, the different structural specifics may give rise to the divergent development paths. The primary focus is theoretical, with empirical examples provided. Consistent empirical analysis based on the model will be a following undertaking.
Global downturn in 2008 exerted strong adaptation pressures on China that incited prompt state re... more Global downturn in 2008 exerted strong adaptation pressures on China that incited prompt state response. The one-off large state intervention had consequences in several dimensions: on the one hand, it had a positive impact on the system's short-term economic, social and political stability by dynamizing different economic sub-spheres. State intervention, at the same time, temporary slowed down the process of economic transformation and also mobilized system characteristics that lead to overheating and to renewed state intervention to cool it down. This paper sheds light on the consequences of adaptation to external and internal pressures on national, sectoral, regional, and structural dimensions from a systemic point of view.
I shall argue that the Interactive Party-State (IPS) model (Csanádi, 1997) allows us to place the... more I shall argue that the Interactive Party-State (IPS) model (Csanádi, 1997) allows us to place the Chinese and Hungarian party-state structure and dynamics into a common framework. This framework sheds light on the structural reasons behind the different functional effects of reforms. This paper is divided into three major parts. In the first section I summarize the structural and dynamic properties of the IPS model. This is followed by arguments raised regarding its general nature, and consequently, the applicability of the model to China based on common structural and operational grounds. Finally, I will reveal that behind the robust common ground, the different structural specifics may give rise to the divergent development paths. The primary focus is theoretical, with empirical examples provided. Consistent empirical analysis based on the model will be a following undertaking.
Uploads
Papers by Maria Csanadi