... Foreign Title Vihmaussikoosluse muutustest mahe-ja tavakülvikorrakatses. Authors Ivask, M.; S... more ... Foreign Title Vihmaussikoosluse muutustest mahe-ja tavakülvikorrakatses. Authors Ivask, M.; Sepp, K.; Kanger, J. Editor Kadaja, J. Book chapter; Conference paper Agronomy 2007 2007 pp. 13-16 Conference Title Agronomy 2007, Saku, Estonia, 2007. ...
... Foreign Title Vihmaussikoosluse muutustest mahe-ja tavakülvikorrakatses. Authors Ivask, M.; S... more ... Foreign Title Vihmaussikoosluse muutustest mahe-ja tavakülvikorrakatses. Authors Ivask, M.; Sepp, K.; Kanger, J. Editor Kadaja, J. Book chapter; Conference paper Agronomy 2007 2007 pp. 13-16 Conference Title Agronomy 2007, Saku, Estonia, 2007. ...
Saabunud / Received 11.02.2020 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 08.05.2020 ; Avaldatud veebis / Publis... more Saabunud / Received 11.02.2020 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 08.05.2020 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 12.05.2020 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Jane Raamets e-mail: [email protected] and reed are natural local insulation- and construction materials, which properties allow them to replace energy intensive building materials. In general, straw and reed as building materials are considered harmless to the environment and human health. Unfortunately, the use of these materials may bring about mould growth in buildings which may result in different diseases (for example irritation of eyes, nose and throat, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma) in people with weaker immune systems. No research has been carried out on the topic of microbiological community in straw and reed houses in climatic conditions similar to Estonia, although buildings made of natural materials are becoming more and more popular. The aims of the study were to investigate the indoor...
Soil quality indicates the soil’s ability to provide ecosystem services. Reducing the tillage int... more Soil quality indicates the soil’s ability to provide ecosystem services. Reducing the tillage intensity has been suggested as an alternative to conventional tillage for sustaining soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of soil tillage systems on individual soil quality indicators in comparison to those on grassland with Stagnic Luvisol soil in Estonia. Four soil management systems were compared: no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), conventional tillage (CT) and grassland (G) as a reference. Soil quality indicators included physical (bulk density, water-stable aggregates, porosity, air-filled pores, moisture content, water-holding capacity, penetration resistance and water permeability), chemical (total N, total soil organic C, permanganate oxidisable C, pH, P, K, Ca and Mg) and biological (earthworm abundance) parameters. CT soils had a significantly lower aggregate stability compared to MT and G soils. The higher penetration resistance of CT under an arable layer s...
... Foreign Title Vihmaussikoosluse muutustest mahe-ja tavakülvikorrakatses. Authors Ivask, M.; S... more ... Foreign Title Vihmaussikoosluse muutustest mahe-ja tavakülvikorrakatses. Authors Ivask, M.; Sepp, K.; Kanger, J. Editor Kadaja, J. Book chapter; Conference paper Agronomy 2007 2007 pp. 13-16 Conference Title Agronomy 2007, Saku, Estonia, 2007. ...
During the past century, semi‐natural grasslands, once widespread throughout Europe, have largely... more During the past century, semi‐natural grasslands, once widespread throughout Europe, have largely been converted into intensively managed agricultural areas, abandoned or afforested. These large‐scale land‐use changes have already resulted in considerable biodiversity loss but can also lead to decline in ecosystem service provision and ecosystem multifunctionality. We assessed the impact of afforestation and abandonment of semi‐natural grasslands on the supply of ecosystem services in Western Estonia. We compared a wide array of services provided by open grasslands, abandoned grasslands and afforested grasslands. Additionally, we analysed the impact of land‐use change and species richness on ecosystem multifunctionality. Significant declines in the supply of pollination services, natural pest regulation, forage production, soil quality, wild food and cultural appreciation of landscape were detected as a result of overgrowing or afforestation. There was significant positive relationship between species richness and ecosystem multifunctionality, that is, more biodiverse grasslands were able to support more services at higher capacity. Results show that both grassland degradation due to abandonment, as well as grassland afforestation, have significant negative impacts on biodiversity, on the supply of multiple important ecosystem services and on the ecosystem multifunctionality. Synthesis and applications. Temperate semi‐natural grasslands have high biodiversity and capacity to deliver multiple important ecosystem services simultaneously. Conservation and restoration of grassland habitats must be considered as an important part of sustainable landscape planning.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Straw and reed are natural local insulation-and construction materials, which properties allow th... more Straw and reed are natural local insulation-and construction materials, which properties allow them to replace energy intensive building materials. In general, straw and reed as building materials are considered harmless to the environment and human health. Unfortunately, the use of these materials may bring about mould growth in buildings which may result in different diseases (for example irritation of eyes, nose and throat, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma) in people with weaker immune systems. No research has been carried out on the topic of microbiological community in straw and reed houses in climatic conditions similar to Estonia, although buildings made of natural materials are becoming more and more popular. The aims of the study were to investigate the indoor climate of buildings with straw and reedbale walls and to determine the factors influencing indoor air quality. In order to fulfil the set aim: (1) air quality was tested in the bedrooms of the studied houses, and the microbial species in air and walls were determined; (2) the indoor air quality parameters (CO 2 , RH%, and temperature) in air and at two different heights in the walls were measured. The results enable to conclude that the walls of straw or reed-bale house are suitable in Estonian climatic conditions, which as a result of professional design, usage of materials suitable for building, and high-quality craftsmanship provides a healthy and environmentally friendly housing.
Semi-coke is classified as an environmentally harmful residue of oil shale industry due to its to... more Semi-coke is classified as an environmentally harmful residue of oil shale industry due to its toxic components: several organic and inorganic compounds-oil products, asphaltenes, phenols, PAHs, sulphuric compounds. The aim of the present work was to compare the abundances and species compositions of soil invertebrate assemblages (Collembola, Lumbricidae, Araneae, Myriapoda, Coleoptera) in the artificial substrate from vegetated and bare residue sites of semi-coke heaps of Estonian oil shale industry. Invertebrate communities in semi-coke heaps were studied at three heights of each heap slope; all sampling points in the heaps were divided into four groups based on plant cover. The authors concluded that the communities of micro-and macroarthropods and earthworms in oil-shale processing waste heaps were formed under certain conditions-a high pH and extremely low moisture. The presence of several invertebrate groups (springtails, earthworms, epigeic predators, etc.) and soil communities can be used for monitoring the success in restoration.
ABSTRACT The root production in a 40-year-old spruce stand was studied. Distributions of annual n... more ABSTRACT The root production in a 40-year-old spruce stand was studied. Distributions of annual net production and caloricity between different fractions of the below-ground part of the stand have been found. An estimation of fine root productivity is not possible without an estimation of their turnover, that accounts for the major part of net primary production. An experiment has been initiated to determine the decomposition rate of fine roots.
Long-term decomposition and nitrogen dynamics of Norway spruce finest (<1 mm in diameter) and ... more Long-term decomposition and nitrogen dynamics of Norway spruce finest (<1 mm in diameter) and fine (<2 mm in diameter) roots were estimated using the root litter-bag techniques. The seasonal decomposition of the finest roots was investigated in a 40-year-old high site quality stand grown on brown lessive soil at different depths as part of productivity studies. The fine root decomposition studies were conducted on 8 permanent plots in the Estonia with the aim to describe the site variation. The initial material was collected from one of stands (high quality site) and incubated at the depth of 10 cm in 1989 (at one site 1990). The bags were collected once or twice a year except for one site, where the seasonal dynamics was investigated. In all initial and decomposing root samples oven-dry weight, ash and energy content and nitrogen concentration was determined. After five years the finest roots had lost 40% of their initial dry weight, half of it during the first year. The initial concentration of nitrogen was 1.29%, the mean concentrations varied during the incubation from 1.47 to 1.78%. After the first year fine roots had lost 21.0 to 32.7% of their initial dry weight, after two years the weight loss was 22.5 to 43.2%. The initial N concentration in fine roots was 0.73% and in the first years it varied from 0.97 to 1.40% at different sites.
This article was published in an Elsevier journal. The attached copy is furnished to the author f... more This article was published in an Elsevier journal. The attached copy is furnished to the author for non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the author's institution, sharing with colleagues and providing to institution administration. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright
The transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus was studied in various riparian ecotones of the mor... more The transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus was studied in various riparian ecotones of the moraine plain and moraine-hilly landscapes in the Porijôgi River catchment area, southern Estonia. Soil water and ground water samples were collected once per month between 1992 and 1993 from piezometers installed between plant communities located along topo-edaphic gradients from moraine uplands to stream valleys at six sites. The production rate, as weIl as the N and P content in plant biomass from the 1 m 2 plots located near the piezometers was analyzed. Results show that various riparian ecotones had a significant influence on soil water quality. In the arable land, the mean annual concentration of total inorganic nitrogen (NH 4 + N0 2 + N0 3) in piezometer water was 3-40 mg N 1-1 , but in the grey aIder forest (Alnus incana) total inorganic nitrogen never exceeded 1 mg N 1-1 • The most significant reduction was in the average concentration ofNOrN content which was reduced from 25 mg 1-1 under the arable land to 0.5 mg 1-1 within the aIder forest. The average total phosphorus (orthophosphate phospho-rus+organic phosphorus) concentration also decreased under the aIder stands, being 0.2-1.5 mg P 1-1 in the arable land and less than 0.2 mg P 1-1 in the aIder forest (less than 0.1 mg P 1-1 in 10amy soils and 0.2 mg P 1-1 in sandy soils). Wetland herb communities (Carex elata association and Filipendula ulmaria-Cirsium oleraceum-Aegopodium podagraria community) also had a significant influence on soil water quality. Plant biomass (sum of above-and below-ground biomass) ofriparian and wetland communities accumulates up to 70 g N m-2 and up to 6 g P m-2 during the growth season. Harvesting ofriparian herbaceous communities may remove 20-30% of nutrient input. In the cultivated grasslands on sandy colluvial soils with a deep humus layer and sedge fens the content ofNH 4-N and total-P in groundwater toplayer significantly increased, rising to 3 mg and 0.5 mg 1-1 , respectively. Also, it has been assumed that vertical penetration of deep groundwater (contaminated with nitrate and phosphate), may increase the nutrient load to surface water bodies, despite the physical presence of a wide butTer zone (e.g. sedge fen) along the river corridor. From the observations of this work, aIder forests and/or willow bushes as butTer strips on and adjacent to the stream banks are recommended to control ditTuse water quality.
... Foreign Title Vihmaussikoosluse muutustest mahe-ja tavakülvikorrakatses. Authors Ivask, M.; S... more ... Foreign Title Vihmaussikoosluse muutustest mahe-ja tavakülvikorrakatses. Authors Ivask, M.; Sepp, K.; Kanger, J. Editor Kadaja, J. Book chapter; Conference paper Agronomy 2007 2007 pp. 13-16 Conference Title Agronomy 2007, Saku, Estonia, 2007. ...
... Foreign Title Vihmaussikoosluse muutustest mahe-ja tavakülvikorrakatses. Authors Ivask, M.; S... more ... Foreign Title Vihmaussikoosluse muutustest mahe-ja tavakülvikorrakatses. Authors Ivask, M.; Sepp, K.; Kanger, J. Editor Kadaja, J. Book chapter; Conference paper Agronomy 2007 2007 pp. 13-16 Conference Title Agronomy 2007, Saku, Estonia, 2007. ...
Saabunud / Received 11.02.2020 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 08.05.2020 ; Avaldatud veebis / Publis... more Saabunud / Received 11.02.2020 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 08.05.2020 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 12.05.2020 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Jane Raamets e-mail: [email protected] and reed are natural local insulation- and construction materials, which properties allow them to replace energy intensive building materials. In general, straw and reed as building materials are considered harmless to the environment and human health. Unfortunately, the use of these materials may bring about mould growth in buildings which may result in different diseases (for example irritation of eyes, nose and throat, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma) in people with weaker immune systems. No research has been carried out on the topic of microbiological community in straw and reed houses in climatic conditions similar to Estonia, although buildings made of natural materials are becoming more and more popular. The aims of the study were to investigate the indoor...
Soil quality indicates the soil’s ability to provide ecosystem services. Reducing the tillage int... more Soil quality indicates the soil’s ability to provide ecosystem services. Reducing the tillage intensity has been suggested as an alternative to conventional tillage for sustaining soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of soil tillage systems on individual soil quality indicators in comparison to those on grassland with Stagnic Luvisol soil in Estonia. Four soil management systems were compared: no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), conventional tillage (CT) and grassland (G) as a reference. Soil quality indicators included physical (bulk density, water-stable aggregates, porosity, air-filled pores, moisture content, water-holding capacity, penetration resistance and water permeability), chemical (total N, total soil organic C, permanganate oxidisable C, pH, P, K, Ca and Mg) and biological (earthworm abundance) parameters. CT soils had a significantly lower aggregate stability compared to MT and G soils. The higher penetration resistance of CT under an arable layer s...
... Foreign Title Vihmaussikoosluse muutustest mahe-ja tavakülvikorrakatses. Authors Ivask, M.; S... more ... Foreign Title Vihmaussikoosluse muutustest mahe-ja tavakülvikorrakatses. Authors Ivask, M.; Sepp, K.; Kanger, J. Editor Kadaja, J. Book chapter; Conference paper Agronomy 2007 2007 pp. 13-16 Conference Title Agronomy 2007, Saku, Estonia, 2007. ...
During the past century, semi‐natural grasslands, once widespread throughout Europe, have largely... more During the past century, semi‐natural grasslands, once widespread throughout Europe, have largely been converted into intensively managed agricultural areas, abandoned or afforested. These large‐scale land‐use changes have already resulted in considerable biodiversity loss but can also lead to decline in ecosystem service provision and ecosystem multifunctionality. We assessed the impact of afforestation and abandonment of semi‐natural grasslands on the supply of ecosystem services in Western Estonia. We compared a wide array of services provided by open grasslands, abandoned grasslands and afforested grasslands. Additionally, we analysed the impact of land‐use change and species richness on ecosystem multifunctionality. Significant declines in the supply of pollination services, natural pest regulation, forage production, soil quality, wild food and cultural appreciation of landscape were detected as a result of overgrowing or afforestation. There was significant positive relationship between species richness and ecosystem multifunctionality, that is, more biodiverse grasslands were able to support more services at higher capacity. Results show that both grassland degradation due to abandonment, as well as grassland afforestation, have significant negative impacts on biodiversity, on the supply of multiple important ecosystem services and on the ecosystem multifunctionality. Synthesis and applications. Temperate semi‐natural grasslands have high biodiversity and capacity to deliver multiple important ecosystem services simultaneously. Conservation and restoration of grassland habitats must be considered as an important part of sustainable landscape planning.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Straw and reed are natural local insulation-and construction materials, which properties allow th... more Straw and reed are natural local insulation-and construction materials, which properties allow them to replace energy intensive building materials. In general, straw and reed as building materials are considered harmless to the environment and human health. Unfortunately, the use of these materials may bring about mould growth in buildings which may result in different diseases (for example irritation of eyes, nose and throat, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma) in people with weaker immune systems. No research has been carried out on the topic of microbiological community in straw and reed houses in climatic conditions similar to Estonia, although buildings made of natural materials are becoming more and more popular. The aims of the study were to investigate the indoor climate of buildings with straw and reedbale walls and to determine the factors influencing indoor air quality. In order to fulfil the set aim: (1) air quality was tested in the bedrooms of the studied houses, and the microbial species in air and walls were determined; (2) the indoor air quality parameters (CO 2 , RH%, and temperature) in air and at two different heights in the walls were measured. The results enable to conclude that the walls of straw or reed-bale house are suitable in Estonian climatic conditions, which as a result of professional design, usage of materials suitable for building, and high-quality craftsmanship provides a healthy and environmentally friendly housing.
Semi-coke is classified as an environmentally harmful residue of oil shale industry due to its to... more Semi-coke is classified as an environmentally harmful residue of oil shale industry due to its toxic components: several organic and inorganic compounds-oil products, asphaltenes, phenols, PAHs, sulphuric compounds. The aim of the present work was to compare the abundances and species compositions of soil invertebrate assemblages (Collembola, Lumbricidae, Araneae, Myriapoda, Coleoptera) in the artificial substrate from vegetated and bare residue sites of semi-coke heaps of Estonian oil shale industry. Invertebrate communities in semi-coke heaps were studied at three heights of each heap slope; all sampling points in the heaps were divided into four groups based on plant cover. The authors concluded that the communities of micro-and macroarthropods and earthworms in oil-shale processing waste heaps were formed under certain conditions-a high pH and extremely low moisture. The presence of several invertebrate groups (springtails, earthworms, epigeic predators, etc.) and soil communities can be used for monitoring the success in restoration.
ABSTRACT The root production in a 40-year-old spruce stand was studied. Distributions of annual n... more ABSTRACT The root production in a 40-year-old spruce stand was studied. Distributions of annual net production and caloricity between different fractions of the below-ground part of the stand have been found. An estimation of fine root productivity is not possible without an estimation of their turnover, that accounts for the major part of net primary production. An experiment has been initiated to determine the decomposition rate of fine roots.
Long-term decomposition and nitrogen dynamics of Norway spruce finest (<1 mm in diameter) and ... more Long-term decomposition and nitrogen dynamics of Norway spruce finest (<1 mm in diameter) and fine (<2 mm in diameter) roots were estimated using the root litter-bag techniques. The seasonal decomposition of the finest roots was investigated in a 40-year-old high site quality stand grown on brown lessive soil at different depths as part of productivity studies. The fine root decomposition studies were conducted on 8 permanent plots in the Estonia with the aim to describe the site variation. The initial material was collected from one of stands (high quality site) and incubated at the depth of 10 cm in 1989 (at one site 1990). The bags were collected once or twice a year except for one site, where the seasonal dynamics was investigated. In all initial and decomposing root samples oven-dry weight, ash and energy content and nitrogen concentration was determined. After five years the finest roots had lost 40% of their initial dry weight, half of it during the first year. The initial concentration of nitrogen was 1.29%, the mean concentrations varied during the incubation from 1.47 to 1.78%. After the first year fine roots had lost 21.0 to 32.7% of their initial dry weight, after two years the weight loss was 22.5 to 43.2%. The initial N concentration in fine roots was 0.73% and in the first years it varied from 0.97 to 1.40% at different sites.
This article was published in an Elsevier journal. The attached copy is furnished to the author f... more This article was published in an Elsevier journal. The attached copy is furnished to the author for non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the author's institution, sharing with colleagues and providing to institution administration. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright
The transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus was studied in various riparian ecotones of the mor... more The transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus was studied in various riparian ecotones of the moraine plain and moraine-hilly landscapes in the Porijôgi River catchment area, southern Estonia. Soil water and ground water samples were collected once per month between 1992 and 1993 from piezometers installed between plant communities located along topo-edaphic gradients from moraine uplands to stream valleys at six sites. The production rate, as weIl as the N and P content in plant biomass from the 1 m 2 plots located near the piezometers was analyzed. Results show that various riparian ecotones had a significant influence on soil water quality. In the arable land, the mean annual concentration of total inorganic nitrogen (NH 4 + N0 2 + N0 3) in piezometer water was 3-40 mg N 1-1 , but in the grey aIder forest (Alnus incana) total inorganic nitrogen never exceeded 1 mg N 1-1 • The most significant reduction was in the average concentration ofNOrN content which was reduced from 25 mg 1-1 under the arable land to 0.5 mg 1-1 within the aIder forest. The average total phosphorus (orthophosphate phospho-rus+organic phosphorus) concentration also decreased under the aIder stands, being 0.2-1.5 mg P 1-1 in the arable land and less than 0.2 mg P 1-1 in the aIder forest (less than 0.1 mg P 1-1 in 10amy soils and 0.2 mg P 1-1 in sandy soils). Wetland herb communities (Carex elata association and Filipendula ulmaria-Cirsium oleraceum-Aegopodium podagraria community) also had a significant influence on soil water quality. Plant biomass (sum of above-and below-ground biomass) ofriparian and wetland communities accumulates up to 70 g N m-2 and up to 6 g P m-2 during the growth season. Harvesting ofriparian herbaceous communities may remove 20-30% of nutrient input. In the cultivated grasslands on sandy colluvial soils with a deep humus layer and sedge fens the content ofNH 4-N and total-P in groundwater toplayer significantly increased, rising to 3 mg and 0.5 mg 1-1 , respectively. Also, it has been assumed that vertical penetration of deep groundwater (contaminated with nitrate and phosphate), may increase the nutrient load to surface water bodies, despite the physical presence of a wide butTer zone (e.g. sedge fen) along the river corridor. From the observations of this work, aIder forests and/or willow bushes as butTer strips on and adjacent to the stream banks are recommended to control ditTuse water quality.
Uploads
Papers by Mari Ivask