The position of Slovakia during the Second World War, unlike its neighbour's, was signifi cantly ... more The position of Slovakia during the Second World War, unlike its neighbour's, was signifi cantly different. Whereas Austria lost its independence and became a part of the German Reich, for the fi rst time in its history Slovakia gained its autonomy on 14 March 1939.
After World War I, the United States of America-within isolationism and recurrent promotion of th... more After World War I, the United States of America-within isolationism and recurrent promotion of the Monroe doctrine-withdrew from the international development in Europe, which did not mean that the country avoided trade with the old continent. World War I significantly changed the position of the United States of America. In a relatively short time, the debtor became a leader, the world economic power with increasing industry and a sufficient amount of free capital. 1 This is proved by the fact that the export of American goods to European countries was six-times higher than in 1919-1920. At the same time, the relations of the USA with particular European countries in the inter-war period were, to a certain extent, influenced by unrepaid war debts. It was not different in the case of the Czechoslovak Republic, which owed 91.8 million dollars to the USA. Comparing this sum with other countries, it was not so high, 2 but this sum was continually rising and in 1922 Washington kept a debt record of 102.3 million dollars in relation to Prague. 3 In 1925, other interests made this debt reach a sum of 115 million dollars. 4 This debt had naturally a negative impact on the state budget of a new republic. Despite this, establishing closer Czechoslovak-American trade relations 5 was prevented by the customs system of the Czechoslovak Republic, which had a strong pro-1
The study focuses on some selected aspects of the activity of the French military mission in Czec... more The study focuses on some selected aspects of the activity of the French military mission in Czechoslovakia in the inter-war period, mainly on the analysis of the French military personnel of the mission that acted in the strategic functions, influenced the plans of the country defence in the case of an enemy attack and includes the opinions of the French commanders on the structure and function of the Czechoslovak army.
První světová válka výrazně změnila hospodářské postavení USA, když se z dlužníka stal věřitel a ... more První světová válka výrazně změnila hospodářské postavení USA, když se z dlužníka stal věřitel a tím i světová ekonomická velmoc s rostoucím průmyslovým dostatkem volného kapitálu. Svědčí o tom i fakt, že vývoz amerických výrobků do evropských zemí byl v letech 1919–1920 až šestkrát větší než dovoz. Navázání hlubších československo-amerických obchodních vztahů ale bránil celní systém ČSR, který měl silný protekcionistický charakter. Ten se projevoval především při snahách amerických obchodníků zvyšovat vývoz automobilů do ČSR. USA proto vyvíjely nátlak zejména na zrušení kartelové dohody mezi ČSR a Francií, již americká strana považovala za překážku a diskriminační nástroj. Tato diskriminace — i navzdory dlouhodobé snaze americké diplomacie — téměř ochromila export automobilů z USA do ČSR.World War I significantly changed the economic position of the USA when a debtor became a creditor,and a world economic power with increasing industry and an abundance of free capital. It isproved ...
The study focuses on some selected aspects of the activity of the French military mission in Czec... more The study focuses on some selected aspects of the activity of the French military mission in Czechoslovakia in the inter-war period, mainly on the analysis of the French military personnel of the mission that acted in the strategic functions, influenced the plans of the country defence in the case of an enemy attack and includes the opinions of the French commanders on the structure and function of the Czechoslovak army. The process of the establishment of a common state of Czechs and Slovaks from the debris of the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy is characterised by the absence of legally and internationally guaranteed borders, as well as the complicated inner-political conditions of republic coming into existence. Apart from the Czech frontier areas 1 The article is based on the study of the grant project of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sports of the Slovak Republic VEGA 1/0438/18 Diplomatic and economic relations between Czechoslovakia and the USA in the first half...
The position of Slovakia during the Second World War, unlike its neighbour's, was signifi cantly ... more The position of Slovakia during the Second World War, unlike its neighbour's, was signifi cantly different. Whereas Austria lost its independence and became a part of the German Reich, for the fi rst time in its history Slovakia gained its autonomy on 14 March 1939.
INTER-WAR CZECHOSLOVAK-AMERICAN TRADE RELATIONS ON EXAMPLE OF AUTOMOBILE IMPORT FROM THE USA Worl... more INTER-WAR CZECHOSLOVAK-AMERICAN TRADE RELATIONS ON EXAMPLE OF AUTOMOBILE IMPORT FROM THE USA World War I significantly changed the economic position of the USA when a debtor became a creditor, and a world economic power with increasing industry and an abundance of free capital. It is proved by the fact that the export of American goods to European countries was six times higher than import in 1919–1920. The increase of stronger Czechoslovak-American business relations was limited by the customs system of the Czechoslovak Republic, which was of a strong protectionist character. It was recognisable mainly with the efforts of American traders to increase automobile import to Czechoslovakia. The USA therefore increased pressure on the annulment of the trade agreement between Czechoslovakia and France, which was considered a barrier and discriminatory tool. Despite a long-term effort of the American diplomacy, this discrimination almost paralysed automobile export from the U.S.A to the C...
The position of Slovakia during the Second World War, unlike its neighbour's, was signifi cantly ... more The position of Slovakia during the Second World War, unlike its neighbour's, was signifi cantly different. Whereas Austria lost its independence and became a part of the German Reich, for the fi rst time in its history Slovakia gained its autonomy on 14 March 1939.
After World War I, the United States of America-within isolationism and recurrent promotion of th... more After World War I, the United States of America-within isolationism and recurrent promotion of the Monroe doctrine-withdrew from the international development in Europe, which did not mean that the country avoided trade with the old continent. World War I significantly changed the position of the United States of America. In a relatively short time, the debtor became a leader, the world economic power with increasing industry and a sufficient amount of free capital. 1 This is proved by the fact that the export of American goods to European countries was six-times higher than in 1919-1920. At the same time, the relations of the USA with particular European countries in the inter-war period were, to a certain extent, influenced by unrepaid war debts. It was not different in the case of the Czechoslovak Republic, which owed 91.8 million dollars to the USA. Comparing this sum with other countries, it was not so high, 2 but this sum was continually rising and in 1922 Washington kept a debt record of 102.3 million dollars in relation to Prague. 3 In 1925, other interests made this debt reach a sum of 115 million dollars. 4 This debt had naturally a negative impact on the state budget of a new republic. Despite this, establishing closer Czechoslovak-American trade relations 5 was prevented by the customs system of the Czechoslovak Republic, which had a strong pro-1
The study focuses on some selected aspects of the activity of the French military mission in Czec... more The study focuses on some selected aspects of the activity of the French military mission in Czechoslovakia in the inter-war period, mainly on the analysis of the French military personnel of the mission that acted in the strategic functions, influenced the plans of the country defence in the case of an enemy attack and includes the opinions of the French commanders on the structure and function of the Czechoslovak army.
První světová válka výrazně změnila hospodářské postavení USA, když se z dlužníka stal věřitel a ... more První světová válka výrazně změnila hospodářské postavení USA, když se z dlužníka stal věřitel a tím i světová ekonomická velmoc s rostoucím průmyslovým dostatkem volného kapitálu. Svědčí o tom i fakt, že vývoz amerických výrobků do evropských zemí byl v letech 1919–1920 až šestkrát větší než dovoz. Navázání hlubších československo-amerických obchodních vztahů ale bránil celní systém ČSR, který měl silný protekcionistický charakter. Ten se projevoval především při snahách amerických obchodníků zvyšovat vývoz automobilů do ČSR. USA proto vyvíjely nátlak zejména na zrušení kartelové dohody mezi ČSR a Francií, již americká strana považovala za překážku a diskriminační nástroj. Tato diskriminace — i navzdory dlouhodobé snaze americké diplomacie — téměř ochromila export automobilů z USA do ČSR.World War I significantly changed the economic position of the USA when a debtor became a creditor,and a world economic power with increasing industry and an abundance of free capital. It isproved ...
The study focuses on some selected aspects of the activity of the French military mission in Czec... more The study focuses on some selected aspects of the activity of the French military mission in Czechoslovakia in the inter-war period, mainly on the analysis of the French military personnel of the mission that acted in the strategic functions, influenced the plans of the country defence in the case of an enemy attack and includes the opinions of the French commanders on the structure and function of the Czechoslovak army. The process of the establishment of a common state of Czechs and Slovaks from the debris of the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy is characterised by the absence of legally and internationally guaranteed borders, as well as the complicated inner-political conditions of republic coming into existence. Apart from the Czech frontier areas 1 The article is based on the study of the grant project of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sports of the Slovak Republic VEGA 1/0438/18 Diplomatic and economic relations between Czechoslovakia and the USA in the first half...
The position of Slovakia during the Second World War, unlike its neighbour's, was signifi cantly ... more The position of Slovakia during the Second World War, unlike its neighbour's, was signifi cantly different. Whereas Austria lost its independence and became a part of the German Reich, for the fi rst time in its history Slovakia gained its autonomy on 14 March 1939.
INTER-WAR CZECHOSLOVAK-AMERICAN TRADE RELATIONS ON EXAMPLE OF AUTOMOBILE IMPORT FROM THE USA Worl... more INTER-WAR CZECHOSLOVAK-AMERICAN TRADE RELATIONS ON EXAMPLE OF AUTOMOBILE IMPORT FROM THE USA World War I significantly changed the economic position of the USA when a debtor became a creditor, and a world economic power with increasing industry and an abundance of free capital. It is proved by the fact that the export of American goods to European countries was six times higher than import in 1919–1920. The increase of stronger Czechoslovak-American business relations was limited by the customs system of the Czechoslovak Republic, which was of a strong protectionist character. It was recognisable mainly with the efforts of American traders to increase automobile import to Czechoslovakia. The USA therefore increased pressure on the annulment of the trade agreement between Czechoslovakia and France, which was considered a barrier and discriminatory tool. Despite a long-term effort of the American diplomacy, this discrimination almost paralysed automobile export from the U.S.A to the C...
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