An ambient air study was conducted in the city of Florence, Italy, in the summer 1996. Tropospher... more An ambient air study was conducted in the city of Florence, Italy, in the summer 1996. Tropospheric ozone was continuously monitored with automatic analyzers in three stations, two located in the urban area and one in the hilly surroundings (Settignano). A biomonitoring campaign based on the tobacco cv. Bel-W3 plants was performed in the same area. The highest values were constantly recorded in the Settignano station. The highest 1-hour mean recorded was 197 nl/l; the accumulated exposure over a threshold of 40 nl/l (AOT40) was well above the critical levels standards for protection of the vegetation. A consistent temporal variation was observed and July proved to be the month with the highest ozone levels. Cumulative frequency distribution of ozone maximum daily concentrations exhibited a good fitting to log-normality. No 'week-end' effect was observed. Biomonitoring data were in good agreement with chemico-physical ones.
The aim of this study was to evaluate how different regimes of photosynthetic active radiation (P... more The aim of this study was to evaluate how different regimes of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) impact leaves in UV filtered (−UV) and non-filtered (ambient light, AL) conditions. Two-year-old potted plants of Vitis vinifera (grapevine) were grown, during the 2007 season, at three different radiation regimes: 100% (full light, L), 50% (L1) and 20% (L2) of sunlight. L1 and L2 plants were shaded with black shading nets. For each light condition, a sample of plants were subjected to UV rays exclusion using filtering plastic films. The experimental set-up was located in the Chianti area (Tuscany, central Italy). Microclimatic parameters were constantly monitored in all experimental conditions, and solar radiations were characterized through spectroradiometric and radiometric measurements. Non-destructive measurements were performed during the experimental period (leaf epidermal flavonoid accumulation with Dualex; stomatal conductance with dynamic porometer) and, once, at the end of the experiment itself (fast kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence with direct fluorimeter; chlorophyll content with chlorophyllmeter). Morphometric parameters (leaf mass per area, leaf density and thickness) were detected by destructive analysis at the end of the growing season. Full sunlight conditions induced the formation of thicker leaves, with higher leaf mass per area, as well as the accumulation of polyphenols (the latter were present in smaller amounts in plants exposed to UV filtration, −UV). Physiologically, plants exposed to full sunlight (L) showed lower quantum yield of primary photochemistry (F V /F M ), higher controlled dissipation from antenna complex of PSII and faster reduction of electron final acceptors side of PSI. These responses were more pronounced in the UV filtered plants. Ambient levels of UV, in this Mediterranean culture, induced morphological responses useful for acclimation in stressful conditions. Abbreviations: L, full sunlight exposure; L, 150% of sunlight exposure; L, 220% of sunlight exposure; F0, Fluorescence intensity at 20 s; F1 F2 F3 FJ FI, Fluorescence intensity at 50 s 100 s 300 s 2 ms and at 30 ms; FM, maximal fluorescence intensity; Fv, variable fluorescence; VJ, relative variable fluorescence at 2 ms; VI, relative variable fluorescence at 30 ms; ABS/RC, effective antenna size of an active reaction centre; Po = TR0/ABS = FV/FM, maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry; Eo = ET0/ABS, quantum yield of electron transport; « Eo = ET0/TR0 = 1 − VJ, probability that a photon trapped by the PSII reaction centre enters the electron transport chain; D0 = F0/FM, quantum yield of energy dissipation; Kp, photochemical de-excitation constant; Kn, non-photochemical de-excitation constant; SumK = Kp + KnRC/CS0, number of active RCs to one inactive RC for a PSII cross-section; PI ABS = (RC/ABS)(TR0/ABS − TR0)(ET0/TR0 − ET0), Performance Index on absorption basis; PITOT = PI ABS (RE0/ET0 − RE0), Performance Index total; Ro = RE0/ABS = 1 − FI/FM, quantum yield of an electron reaching the end acceptor of PS; I␦Ro = RE0/ET0 = (1 − VI)/(1 − VJ), probability that an electron is transported from reduced PQ to the electron acceptor side of PS I; % palisade, % of palisade mesophyll as compared to total mesophyll thickness; LT, leaf total thickness; LMA, leaf mass per area; LD, leaf density; Chl content, chlorophyll content; Chl LMA , mass-based chlorophyll content; EP, henepidermal polyphenol content; NADP, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; DOY, day of year.
This study examines defoliation and discoloration findings collected throughout the Italian Level... more This study examines defoliation and discoloration findings collected throughout the Italian Level I network between 1997 and 2000. Prior to this period no Quality Assurance procedures had been implemented, so that earlier findings cannot be considered reliable. The aim of the study is to compare different indices used in reporting findings, in order to determine the full potential and limitations of each. In international surveys, findings are normally expressed in terms of individual trees presenting a defoliation level greater than 25%; this criterion, however, has been challenged since it is not based on scientific evidence. By analysing the distribution of defoliationvalues (grouped in 5% classes) relating to the main species (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus pubescens, Quercus cerris, Picea abies), the study examines the behaviour of statistical indices such as the median, the mode and the mean. Instead of using the traditional 25% threshold to determine the part of the population with...
The Science of the total environment, Jan 15, 2014
A stratified random sampling design was adopted to contrast sites with different ozone exposure l... more A stratified random sampling design was adopted to contrast sites with different ozone exposure levels (≤ 18,000 and >18,000 μg m(-3) h) in order to define whether and to what extent a relationship exists between potential risk (estimated by exposure to ozone) and the response of Viburnum lantana L. in terms of foliar symptoms. The study was designed over a meso-scale (6200 km(2)), carried out in 2010 and repeated in 2012 on a subset of sites. No difference was found between the occurrences of symptoms in relation to soil moisture or plant size. Although no direct significant exposure-response function could be identified, when data were aggregated according to ozone exposure levels the symptoms (in terms of number of symptomatic plants and symptomatic leaves per plant) were found to be significantly more frequent at sites with higher exposure (AOT40>18,000 μg m(-3) h), especially at high elevations (>700 ma.s.l.). The 2012 results confirmed the 2010 findings. Although ozon...
Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by INRA and Springer-V... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by INRA and Springer-Verlag France. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".
Citation: Bini G, Bonannini M, Ferrarese R, Ferretti M, Fornasier F, Nimis PL, Brunialti G, Corsi... more Citation: Bini G, Bonannini M, Ferrarese R, Ferretti M, Fornasier F, Nimis PL, Brunialti G, Corsini A, Giordani P, Isocronoh D, Mancini L, Piervittori R, Tretiach M, Visentin R. IBL Indice di biodiversità lichenica. Manuale ANPA. ANPA, manuali e linee guida 2001;(2001/2):
An ambient air study was conducted in the city of Florence, Italy, in the summer 1996. Tropospher... more An ambient air study was conducted in the city of Florence, Italy, in the summer 1996. Tropospheric ozone was continuously monitored with automatic analyzers in three stations, two located in the urban area and one in the hilly surroundings (Settignano). A biomonitoring campaign based on the tobacco cv. Bel-W3 plants was performed in the same area. The highest values were constantly recorded in the Settignano station. The highest 1-hour mean recorded was 197 nl/l; the accumulated exposure over a threshold of 40 nl/l (AOT40) was well above the critical levels standards for protection of the vegetation. A consistent temporal variation was observed and July proved to be the month with the highest ozone levels. Cumulative frequency distribution of ozone maximum daily concentrations exhibited a good fitting to log-normality. No 'week-end' effect was observed. Biomonitoring data were in good agreement with chemico-physical ones.
The aim of this study was to evaluate how different regimes of photosynthetic active radiation (P... more The aim of this study was to evaluate how different regimes of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) impact leaves in UV filtered (−UV) and non-filtered (ambient light, AL) conditions. Two-year-old potted plants of Vitis vinifera (grapevine) were grown, during the 2007 season, at three different radiation regimes: 100% (full light, L), 50% (L1) and 20% (L2) of sunlight. L1 and L2 plants were shaded with black shading nets. For each light condition, a sample of plants were subjected to UV rays exclusion using filtering plastic films. The experimental set-up was located in the Chianti area (Tuscany, central Italy). Microclimatic parameters were constantly monitored in all experimental conditions, and solar radiations were characterized through spectroradiometric and radiometric measurements. Non-destructive measurements were performed during the experimental period (leaf epidermal flavonoid accumulation with Dualex; stomatal conductance with dynamic porometer) and, once, at the end of the experiment itself (fast kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence with direct fluorimeter; chlorophyll content with chlorophyllmeter). Morphometric parameters (leaf mass per area, leaf density and thickness) were detected by destructive analysis at the end of the growing season. Full sunlight conditions induced the formation of thicker leaves, with higher leaf mass per area, as well as the accumulation of polyphenols (the latter were present in smaller amounts in plants exposed to UV filtration, −UV). Physiologically, plants exposed to full sunlight (L) showed lower quantum yield of primary photochemistry (F V /F M ), higher controlled dissipation from antenna complex of PSII and faster reduction of electron final acceptors side of PSI. These responses were more pronounced in the UV filtered plants. Ambient levels of UV, in this Mediterranean culture, induced morphological responses useful for acclimation in stressful conditions. Abbreviations: L, full sunlight exposure; L, 150% of sunlight exposure; L, 220% of sunlight exposure; F0, Fluorescence intensity at 20 s; F1 F2 F3 FJ FI, Fluorescence intensity at 50 s 100 s 300 s 2 ms and at 30 ms; FM, maximal fluorescence intensity; Fv, variable fluorescence; VJ, relative variable fluorescence at 2 ms; VI, relative variable fluorescence at 30 ms; ABS/RC, effective antenna size of an active reaction centre; Po = TR0/ABS = FV/FM, maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry; Eo = ET0/ABS, quantum yield of electron transport; « Eo = ET0/TR0 = 1 − VJ, probability that a photon trapped by the PSII reaction centre enters the electron transport chain; D0 = F0/FM, quantum yield of energy dissipation; Kp, photochemical de-excitation constant; Kn, non-photochemical de-excitation constant; SumK = Kp + KnRC/CS0, number of active RCs to one inactive RC for a PSII cross-section; PI ABS = (RC/ABS)(TR0/ABS − TR0)(ET0/TR0 − ET0), Performance Index on absorption basis; PITOT = PI ABS (RE0/ET0 − RE0), Performance Index total; Ro = RE0/ABS = 1 − FI/FM, quantum yield of an electron reaching the end acceptor of PS; I␦Ro = RE0/ET0 = (1 − VI)/(1 − VJ), probability that an electron is transported from reduced PQ to the electron acceptor side of PS I; % palisade, % of palisade mesophyll as compared to total mesophyll thickness; LT, leaf total thickness; LMA, leaf mass per area; LD, leaf density; Chl content, chlorophyll content; Chl LMA , mass-based chlorophyll content; EP, henepidermal polyphenol content; NADP, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; DOY, day of year.
This study examines defoliation and discoloration findings collected throughout the Italian Level... more This study examines defoliation and discoloration findings collected throughout the Italian Level I network between 1997 and 2000. Prior to this period no Quality Assurance procedures had been implemented, so that earlier findings cannot be considered reliable. The aim of the study is to compare different indices used in reporting findings, in order to determine the full potential and limitations of each. In international surveys, findings are normally expressed in terms of individual trees presenting a defoliation level greater than 25%; this criterion, however, has been challenged since it is not based on scientific evidence. By analysing the distribution of defoliationvalues (grouped in 5% classes) relating to the main species (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus pubescens, Quercus cerris, Picea abies), the study examines the behaviour of statistical indices such as the median, the mode and the mean. Instead of using the traditional 25% threshold to determine the part of the population with...
The Science of the total environment, Jan 15, 2014
A stratified random sampling design was adopted to contrast sites with different ozone exposure l... more A stratified random sampling design was adopted to contrast sites with different ozone exposure levels (≤ 18,000 and >18,000 μg m(-3) h) in order to define whether and to what extent a relationship exists between potential risk (estimated by exposure to ozone) and the response of Viburnum lantana L. in terms of foliar symptoms. The study was designed over a meso-scale (6200 km(2)), carried out in 2010 and repeated in 2012 on a subset of sites. No difference was found between the occurrences of symptoms in relation to soil moisture or plant size. Although no direct significant exposure-response function could be identified, when data were aggregated according to ozone exposure levels the symptoms (in terms of number of symptomatic plants and symptomatic leaves per plant) were found to be significantly more frequent at sites with higher exposure (AOT40>18,000 μg m(-3) h), especially at high elevations (>700 ma.s.l.). The 2012 results confirmed the 2010 findings. Although ozon...
Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by INRA and Springer-V... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by INRA and Springer-Verlag France. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".
Citation: Bini G, Bonannini M, Ferrarese R, Ferretti M, Fornasier F, Nimis PL, Brunialti G, Corsi... more Citation: Bini G, Bonannini M, Ferrarese R, Ferretti M, Fornasier F, Nimis PL, Brunialti G, Corsini A, Giordani P, Isocronoh D, Mancini L, Piervittori R, Tretiach M, Visentin R. IBL Indice di biodiversità lichenica. Manuale ANPA. ANPA, manuali e linee guida 2001;(2001/2):
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