International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Jan 2, 2018
With their book Psychoanalytic perspectives on migration and exile (1989), L. Grinberg and R. Gri... more With their book Psychoanalytic perspectives on migration and exile (1989), L. Grinberg and R. Grinberg (1984) opened up a new clinical field, which had been neglected for a long time in the psychoanalytic community, although Freud's multilinguistic competence had greatly contributed to the creation of psychoanalysis. With their book The Babel of the unconscious, Jacqueline Amati Mehler, Simona Argentieri, and Jorge Canestri were able to confirm the hypothesis that it is possible to help multilingual patients to integrate the different aspects of their self which are bound to their mother tongue and to their foreign tongue(s), and thus to allow them to develop a new identity. The author, who has been a psychoanalyst in Munich since 1999, works every day with his Italian patients in this new clinical field, that is in their common mother tongue and at the two levels of their old Italian and their new German identity. Through the detailed presentation of a clinical case, he furthermore shows how, on the one hand, the migration creates a new space in which therapy actually becomes possible, and on the other hand, not only therapy, but also the kind of relationship developed by the patients to their "new country" plays a decisive role in the whole process. Such a frame proved to be particularly good for the emergence, revisitation, and reelaboration of the transgenerational trauma around which the case of Penelope is centered. The author further assumes that the theme of "migration and identity" is becoming more and more important in our globalized world, with clinical consequences whose elaboration requires a specific cultural and technical preparation.
International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Jun 1, 2010
Abstract Since 1999, the author has been working as a psychoanalyst in Munich, Germany, in the co... more Abstract Since 1999, the author has been working as a psychoanalyst in Munich, Germany, in the context of the German National Health Service, which covers psychoanalytic psychotherapy of up to 300 sessions with a frequency of up to three times a week. He has mostly been working with Italian patients in their common mother language. In other words, globalisation has made it possible to help patients heal the wounds of their old Italian self, develop a new German self, integrate them with each other, and thus allow foreign patients to become “citizens of the world.” After presenting the context of his clinical work, including the German Kassensystem and the characteristics of the Italian patients he works with, the author provides the reader with a review of the literature on migration and identity from a psychoanalytic point of view. Sociology and literature also offer an important key to the understanding of his patients. At this point in the paper, the author presents three patients, their history, the background of their migration to Germany, and the work he did with them. This allows him to come to the conclusion that psychoanalysis can help patients actualise the potentialities intrinsic in globalisation, in order to move towards a richer and more sophisticated identity.
International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Jul 3, 2021
In psychoanalysis, the psyche is conceived as an entity extended in space (Freud, 1940 [1938]). A... more In psychoanalysis, the psyche is conceived as an entity extended in space (Freud, 1940 [1938]). Apart from extending psychic activity beyond what is conscious, this spatial conception could of course mean the emerging of the psyche from the space of the body: Freud, in a well-known passage from the “Ego and the id,” writes: “The ego is first and foremost a bodily ego; it is not merely a surface entity, but is itself the projection of a surface” (Freud, 1923, p. 26). Also, the id is pictured “as being open at its end to somatic influences, and as there taking up into itself instinctual needs which find their psychical expression in it” (Freud, 1933 [1932], p. 79). The anchoring of psychic activity in the body is portrayed in the Freudian concept of instinct (Trieb). He writes:
The XII IFPS Forum, with the theme “Potentials in psychoanalytic treatment and thought. Hope, cha... more The XII IFPS Forum, with the theme “Potentials in psychoanalytic treatment and thought. Hope, change, growth” organized by the Institutt for Psykoterapi in Oslo, took place in May 2002. The very nice weather, the attractions of the oldest Scandinavian capital, the history of which begun 1000 years ago, and the rich social program, made the congress, chaired by Agnar Berle and Harald Stockman, a unique and unforgettable experience. The Forum started on Wednesday afternoon, May 22, with a Preforum consisting of two panels – the first dedicated to the “40th anniversary of the Institutt for Psykoterapi” and the second “In honour of the late Gerard Chrzanowski” – and continued until noontime on Sunday 26. The conference comprised 9 panels, where 26 papers were presented, and 19 individual sessions, with 39 papers. In what follows I will try to make the reader acquainted with the articulation of the scientific part of the Forum, through a presentation of a short summary of most of the main papers – which were unfortunately not available in form of photocopies, as was the case in New York two years ago. The first panel of the Preforum was refreshing and stimulating, especially in view of the present status of and debate about the relationship between various member societies and the International Psychoanalytical Association. It gave us the opportunity to get to know the unique history, development and organization of the Institutt for Psykoterapi. As we learned from the paper presented by Kari Holm and Egil Hundevadt, “Institutt for Psykoterapi 1962–1995”, the institute was established in 1962 by three colleagues (the late E. Ugelstad, a psychiatrist, the late P. Mentzsen, a psychologist, and E. Dannevig, also a psychologist), all of whom were at the time candidates in training in the Norwegian Psychoanalytic Society, “with the explicit objective to offer systematic training in psychotherapy to psychologists and physicians”. In so doing the founders were – in the authors’ opinion – “truly farsighted”, inasmuch as they anticipated the contemporary view-point (O. Kernberg’s, for example) that psychoanalysis can not survive without cultivating psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy. They also created the preconditions for the institute’s main achievement: the realization, also in our field, of the “Norwegian idea of justice”, according to which “no one should be more fortunate in Oslo than north of the Polar Circle”! In other words, the institute’s policy was, from its inception, to offer candidates living in remote areas of the country personal therapy concentrated to fewer weekdays, possibly in the form of double-sessions; a policy which gradually came to be adopted by the Norwegian government. Their financial contribution to the training of psychotherapy supervisors in all main regions of the country was definitively formalized in 1985 – with the establishment of the Tilskuddsordning. What the authors present as a “rather unique arrangement” was made possible by the constructive collaboration of the Institutt for Psykoterapi (an IFPS member society since 1977) and the Norwegian Psychoanalytical Society (an IPA component society since 1975), which guaranteed them a central and unique position in the training system – not only of psychoanalysts and psychotherapists, but also of psychiatrists and psychologists – and for which the government is formally, and financially, responsible. As far as the well documented history of the relationship between the two institutes is concerned (in terms, for example, of an extensive and well recorded correspondence, which I hope some historian may report about in the future), the original conflict over the use of the term “psychoanalytic psychotherapy” led to “a continuing dialogue” and not to a progressive alienation of the one from the other, which resulted in the establishment (in 1970)
International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Dec 1, 2013
At the IIIrd Meeting of the International Association for the History of Psychoanalysis organized... more At the IIIrd Meeting of the International Association for the History of Psychoanalysis organized in London in July 1990 by Alain de Mijolla, I had the good fortune to meet the American sociologist Edith Kurzweil and to read her fascinating book The Freudians. A comparative perspective (1989). A quadrilingual university professor with a personal experience of psychoanalysis, she based her book on her “participant observation” (H. S. Sullivan) of the life and trends of the major psychoanalytic communities of the time (New York, London, Paris, Frankfurt, and Vienna), having had her own life teach her to “automatically check translations and to compare cultural customs and phenomena” (1989, p. x). This allowed her to show not only how psychoanalysis is an internationally recognized (scientific) discipline, but also how its reception and development greatly differed from one country to another – not only because of different historical, social, and cultural conditions, but also because of a series of unconscious issues, of which psychoanalysts themselves were often not conscious. In other words, Edith Kurzweil contributed to creating some of the necessary premises for the kind of international dialogue that we as psychoanalysts need even more than other professions, from which we can profit in a measure that we have not yet fully realized, and whose realization always was the priority of this journal – an international journal in English produced by an editorial board of non-native speakers. In no book about the international development of psychoanalysis edited according to the principle of assigning every single country to a prominent representative of it (see the anthologies produced by Peter Kutter in 1992 and Peter Loewenberg and Nellie Thompson in 2011), can one find the richness of information that Kurzweil was able to convey in her book – the most important things about a country usually being so much taken for granted by its people that they escape formulation, leaving one to discover them by oneself. As far as Germany is concerned, these are the topics that Edith Kurzweil presented to readers, in the personal style described above, in the third part of her book, “Psychoanalysis since 1945,” with sections on “Psychoanalysis after the Third Reich,” “From Nazi practice to the New Germany,” “German theoretical trends,” “Anti-semitism and Realpolitik in the unconscious and the conscious,” and “Mitscherlich’s heritage.” In other words, on the one hand Kurzweil covered a vast territory that I cannot deal with in this short Editorial, but, on the other hand almost 25 years have elapsed since the publication of her book, and several new topics need to be approached and presented to readers. Concerning the last 25 years, I actually share with Edith Kurzweil the feeling she expressed in her conclusion: “In view of the fact that German psychoanalysis was nonexistent in 1945, its strides during the last forty years have been miraculous” (1989, p. 314). Here indeed are some of the more or less miraculous – both social and professional – progresses of the last quarter of a century: the fall of the Berlin Wall and the political Wiedervereinigung (reunification) of West and East Germany (October 3, 1990); the highly significant public exposure of the German flag on millions of German houses in the context of the 2006 soccer World Cup championships held in Germany, which was the final crystallization and first open expression of a positive feeling of national identity and pride since the end of World War II; and, as far as our own field is concerned, the new, positive relationship that eventually took shape at the 2007 IPA Congress held in Berlin between the German and international psychoanalytic communities, and the readmission of the German Psychoanalytic Society into the IPA at the 2009 Chicago Congress, after a similar long process of elaboration of the past and the attainment of a new psychoanalytic identity. In other words, the process of triangulation that had not been possible at the IPA’s 1949 Congress in Zurich (in which the international community had taken the side of one of the two German groups in conflict with one another) and which was not possible for many years to come, is now so advanced that we can eventually speak of “a German psychoanalysis” without fear of intending a phenomenon that is taking place outside the international community, as had been the case for the German analytic community between January 1933 and May 1945. International Forum of Psychoanalysis, 2013 Vol. 22, No. 4, 195–198, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0803706X.2013.855817
International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Jun 1, 2008
Italian themes in psychoanalysis Á International dialogue and psychoanalytic identity* *To the me... more Italian themes in psychoanalysis Á International dialogue and psychoanalytic identity* *To the memory of Stephen A. Mitchell (1946Á2000) and Luciana Nissim Momigliano (1919Á1998), and to their love for and promotion of psychoanalytic dialogue.
International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Jun 1, 1998
On the basis of the assumption that the understanding of Freud's work can gain much from illumina... more On the basis of the assumption that the understanding of Freud's work can gain much from illuminating his own psychological development, the author tries to reconstruct the evolution of his self-analysis. Against the common view of placing it in the context of his relationship with Fliess, the author shows how it actually evolved out of a whole series of experiences and relationships. Freud's self-analysis was initially nourished by his study of the Greek and Latin classics; it acquired the necessary interpersonal dimension through his relationship with Emil Fluss and Eduard Silberstein; it gained a cathartic and thus therapeutic quality through his relationship with Martha; and it eventually became a professional enterprise once his patients forced Freud, with the help of Wilhelm Fliess, to systematically look into himself.
International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Jun 1, 2010
... Between 1 and 2.30 pm, the second series of clinical workshops took place, with three supervi... more ... Between 1 and 2.30 pm, the second series of clinical workshops took place, with three supervisory groups conducted by Horacio Etchegoyen, Janine Puget (Argentina), and Maren Ulriksen, Marcelo Viñar's wife (Uruguay). During the lunch break, I. WARNING! ...
International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Jun 1, 2009
... View all references introduced the English edition of the first book by Ferro, The Bi-persona... more ... View all references introduced the English edition of the first book by Ferro, The Bi-personal field: Experiences in child analysis (originally published in Italian in 1992), praising his gift of clinical imagination. In 2005, Thomas Ogden presented the ... (p. 215). Marco Conci. E-Mail ...
International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Jun 1, 2010
... experience was further enhanced by the active participation of a whole series of Internationa... more ... experience was further enhanced by the active participation of a whole series of International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) colleagues close to the IFPS, such as Horacio Etchegoyen (the former IPA President, 19931997), Janine Puget (Argentina), and Marcelo Viñar and ...
International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Jan 2, 2018
With their book Psychoanalytic perspectives on migration and exile (1989), L. Grinberg and R. Gri... more With their book Psychoanalytic perspectives on migration and exile (1989), L. Grinberg and R. Grinberg (1984) opened up a new clinical field, which had been neglected for a long time in the psychoanalytic community, although Freud's multilinguistic competence had greatly contributed to the creation of psychoanalysis. With their book The Babel of the unconscious, Jacqueline Amati Mehler, Simona Argentieri, and Jorge Canestri were able to confirm the hypothesis that it is possible to help multilingual patients to integrate the different aspects of their self which are bound to their mother tongue and to their foreign tongue(s), and thus to allow them to develop a new identity. The author, who has been a psychoanalyst in Munich since 1999, works every day with his Italian patients in this new clinical field, that is in their common mother tongue and at the two levels of their old Italian and their new German identity. Through the detailed presentation of a clinical case, he furthermore shows how, on the one hand, the migration creates a new space in which therapy actually becomes possible, and on the other hand, not only therapy, but also the kind of relationship developed by the patients to their "new country" plays a decisive role in the whole process. Such a frame proved to be particularly good for the emergence, revisitation, and reelaboration of the transgenerational trauma around which the case of Penelope is centered. The author further assumes that the theme of "migration and identity" is becoming more and more important in our globalized world, with clinical consequences whose elaboration requires a specific cultural and technical preparation.
International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Jun 1, 2010
Abstract Since 1999, the author has been working as a psychoanalyst in Munich, Germany, in the co... more Abstract Since 1999, the author has been working as a psychoanalyst in Munich, Germany, in the context of the German National Health Service, which covers psychoanalytic psychotherapy of up to 300 sessions with a frequency of up to three times a week. He has mostly been working with Italian patients in their common mother language. In other words, globalisation has made it possible to help patients heal the wounds of their old Italian self, develop a new German self, integrate them with each other, and thus allow foreign patients to become “citizens of the world.” After presenting the context of his clinical work, including the German Kassensystem and the characteristics of the Italian patients he works with, the author provides the reader with a review of the literature on migration and identity from a psychoanalytic point of view. Sociology and literature also offer an important key to the understanding of his patients. At this point in the paper, the author presents three patients, their history, the background of their migration to Germany, and the work he did with them. This allows him to come to the conclusion that psychoanalysis can help patients actualise the potentialities intrinsic in globalisation, in order to move towards a richer and more sophisticated identity.
International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Jul 3, 2021
In psychoanalysis, the psyche is conceived as an entity extended in space (Freud, 1940 [1938]). A... more In psychoanalysis, the psyche is conceived as an entity extended in space (Freud, 1940 [1938]). Apart from extending psychic activity beyond what is conscious, this spatial conception could of course mean the emerging of the psyche from the space of the body: Freud, in a well-known passage from the “Ego and the id,” writes: “The ego is first and foremost a bodily ego; it is not merely a surface entity, but is itself the projection of a surface” (Freud, 1923, p. 26). Also, the id is pictured “as being open at its end to somatic influences, and as there taking up into itself instinctual needs which find their psychical expression in it” (Freud, 1933 [1932], p. 79). The anchoring of psychic activity in the body is portrayed in the Freudian concept of instinct (Trieb). He writes:
The XII IFPS Forum, with the theme “Potentials in psychoanalytic treatment and thought. Hope, cha... more The XII IFPS Forum, with the theme “Potentials in psychoanalytic treatment and thought. Hope, change, growth” organized by the Institutt for Psykoterapi in Oslo, took place in May 2002. The very nice weather, the attractions of the oldest Scandinavian capital, the history of which begun 1000 years ago, and the rich social program, made the congress, chaired by Agnar Berle and Harald Stockman, a unique and unforgettable experience. The Forum started on Wednesday afternoon, May 22, with a Preforum consisting of two panels – the first dedicated to the “40th anniversary of the Institutt for Psykoterapi” and the second “In honour of the late Gerard Chrzanowski” – and continued until noontime on Sunday 26. The conference comprised 9 panels, where 26 papers were presented, and 19 individual sessions, with 39 papers. In what follows I will try to make the reader acquainted with the articulation of the scientific part of the Forum, through a presentation of a short summary of most of the main papers – which were unfortunately not available in form of photocopies, as was the case in New York two years ago. The first panel of the Preforum was refreshing and stimulating, especially in view of the present status of and debate about the relationship between various member societies and the International Psychoanalytical Association. It gave us the opportunity to get to know the unique history, development and organization of the Institutt for Psykoterapi. As we learned from the paper presented by Kari Holm and Egil Hundevadt, “Institutt for Psykoterapi 1962–1995”, the institute was established in 1962 by three colleagues (the late E. Ugelstad, a psychiatrist, the late P. Mentzsen, a psychologist, and E. Dannevig, also a psychologist), all of whom were at the time candidates in training in the Norwegian Psychoanalytic Society, “with the explicit objective to offer systematic training in psychotherapy to psychologists and physicians”. In so doing the founders were – in the authors’ opinion – “truly farsighted”, inasmuch as they anticipated the contemporary view-point (O. Kernberg’s, for example) that psychoanalysis can not survive without cultivating psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy. They also created the preconditions for the institute’s main achievement: the realization, also in our field, of the “Norwegian idea of justice”, according to which “no one should be more fortunate in Oslo than north of the Polar Circle”! In other words, the institute’s policy was, from its inception, to offer candidates living in remote areas of the country personal therapy concentrated to fewer weekdays, possibly in the form of double-sessions; a policy which gradually came to be adopted by the Norwegian government. Their financial contribution to the training of psychotherapy supervisors in all main regions of the country was definitively formalized in 1985 – with the establishment of the Tilskuddsordning. What the authors present as a “rather unique arrangement” was made possible by the constructive collaboration of the Institutt for Psykoterapi (an IFPS member society since 1977) and the Norwegian Psychoanalytical Society (an IPA component society since 1975), which guaranteed them a central and unique position in the training system – not only of psychoanalysts and psychotherapists, but also of psychiatrists and psychologists – and for which the government is formally, and financially, responsible. As far as the well documented history of the relationship between the two institutes is concerned (in terms, for example, of an extensive and well recorded correspondence, which I hope some historian may report about in the future), the original conflict over the use of the term “psychoanalytic psychotherapy” led to “a continuing dialogue” and not to a progressive alienation of the one from the other, which resulted in the establishment (in 1970)
International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Dec 1, 2013
At the IIIrd Meeting of the International Association for the History of Psychoanalysis organized... more At the IIIrd Meeting of the International Association for the History of Psychoanalysis organized in London in July 1990 by Alain de Mijolla, I had the good fortune to meet the American sociologist Edith Kurzweil and to read her fascinating book The Freudians. A comparative perspective (1989). A quadrilingual university professor with a personal experience of psychoanalysis, she based her book on her “participant observation” (H. S. Sullivan) of the life and trends of the major psychoanalytic communities of the time (New York, London, Paris, Frankfurt, and Vienna), having had her own life teach her to “automatically check translations and to compare cultural customs and phenomena” (1989, p. x). This allowed her to show not only how psychoanalysis is an internationally recognized (scientific) discipline, but also how its reception and development greatly differed from one country to another – not only because of different historical, social, and cultural conditions, but also because of a series of unconscious issues, of which psychoanalysts themselves were often not conscious. In other words, Edith Kurzweil contributed to creating some of the necessary premises for the kind of international dialogue that we as psychoanalysts need even more than other professions, from which we can profit in a measure that we have not yet fully realized, and whose realization always was the priority of this journal – an international journal in English produced by an editorial board of non-native speakers. In no book about the international development of psychoanalysis edited according to the principle of assigning every single country to a prominent representative of it (see the anthologies produced by Peter Kutter in 1992 and Peter Loewenberg and Nellie Thompson in 2011), can one find the richness of information that Kurzweil was able to convey in her book – the most important things about a country usually being so much taken for granted by its people that they escape formulation, leaving one to discover them by oneself. As far as Germany is concerned, these are the topics that Edith Kurzweil presented to readers, in the personal style described above, in the third part of her book, “Psychoanalysis since 1945,” with sections on “Psychoanalysis after the Third Reich,” “From Nazi practice to the New Germany,” “German theoretical trends,” “Anti-semitism and Realpolitik in the unconscious and the conscious,” and “Mitscherlich’s heritage.” In other words, on the one hand Kurzweil covered a vast territory that I cannot deal with in this short Editorial, but, on the other hand almost 25 years have elapsed since the publication of her book, and several new topics need to be approached and presented to readers. Concerning the last 25 years, I actually share with Edith Kurzweil the feeling she expressed in her conclusion: “In view of the fact that German psychoanalysis was nonexistent in 1945, its strides during the last forty years have been miraculous” (1989, p. 314). Here indeed are some of the more or less miraculous – both social and professional – progresses of the last quarter of a century: the fall of the Berlin Wall and the political Wiedervereinigung (reunification) of West and East Germany (October 3, 1990); the highly significant public exposure of the German flag on millions of German houses in the context of the 2006 soccer World Cup championships held in Germany, which was the final crystallization and first open expression of a positive feeling of national identity and pride since the end of World War II; and, as far as our own field is concerned, the new, positive relationship that eventually took shape at the 2007 IPA Congress held in Berlin between the German and international psychoanalytic communities, and the readmission of the German Psychoanalytic Society into the IPA at the 2009 Chicago Congress, after a similar long process of elaboration of the past and the attainment of a new psychoanalytic identity. In other words, the process of triangulation that had not been possible at the IPA’s 1949 Congress in Zurich (in which the international community had taken the side of one of the two German groups in conflict with one another) and which was not possible for many years to come, is now so advanced that we can eventually speak of “a German psychoanalysis” without fear of intending a phenomenon that is taking place outside the international community, as had been the case for the German analytic community between January 1933 and May 1945. International Forum of Psychoanalysis, 2013 Vol. 22, No. 4, 195–198, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0803706X.2013.855817
International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Jun 1, 2008
Italian themes in psychoanalysis Á International dialogue and psychoanalytic identity* *To the me... more Italian themes in psychoanalysis Á International dialogue and psychoanalytic identity* *To the memory of Stephen A. Mitchell (1946Á2000) and Luciana Nissim Momigliano (1919Á1998), and to their love for and promotion of psychoanalytic dialogue.
International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Jun 1, 1998
On the basis of the assumption that the understanding of Freud's work can gain much from illumina... more On the basis of the assumption that the understanding of Freud's work can gain much from illuminating his own psychological development, the author tries to reconstruct the evolution of his self-analysis. Against the common view of placing it in the context of his relationship with Fliess, the author shows how it actually evolved out of a whole series of experiences and relationships. Freud's self-analysis was initially nourished by his study of the Greek and Latin classics; it acquired the necessary interpersonal dimension through his relationship with Emil Fluss and Eduard Silberstein; it gained a cathartic and thus therapeutic quality through his relationship with Martha; and it eventually became a professional enterprise once his patients forced Freud, with the help of Wilhelm Fliess, to systematically look into himself.
International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Jun 1, 2010
... Between 1 and 2.30 pm, the second series of clinical workshops took place, with three supervi... more ... Between 1 and 2.30 pm, the second series of clinical workshops took place, with three supervisory groups conducted by Horacio Etchegoyen, Janine Puget (Argentina), and Maren Ulriksen, Marcelo Viñar's wife (Uruguay). During the lunch break, I. WARNING! ...
International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Jun 1, 2009
... View all references introduced the English edition of the first book by Ferro, The Bi-persona... more ... View all references introduced the English edition of the first book by Ferro, The Bi-personal field: Experiences in child analysis (originally published in Italian in 1992), praising his gift of clinical imagination. In 2005, Thomas Ogden presented the ... (p. 215). Marco Conci. E-Mail ...
International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Jun 1, 2010
... experience was further enhanced by the active participation of a whole series of Internationa... more ... experience was further enhanced by the active participation of a whole series of International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) colleagues close to the IFPS, such as Horacio Etchegoyen (the former IPA President, 19931997), Janine Puget (Argentina), and Marcelo Viñar and ...
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