Ethical standards in research with human participants typically include informed consent and avoi... more Ethical standards in research with human participants typically include informed consent and avoidance of physical or emotional harm. In the field of peace psychology and related social justice research, the standard of “do no harm” may need to be extended. The values of our field include going beyond the standards for integrity in methods and customary protections of human subjects and move into the obligation for our research to make an actual contribution to limit the many forms of violence and injustice that are faced by the human family. With this higher standard we set the bar to include the actual voices of those who experience violence, an examination of the power relationships that perpetuate structural violence, and a reflection on how sponsorship of research and normative disciplinary practices may inadvertently serve to perpetuate a violent system. The suggestion is that “do no harm” as the sole standard in social research is not sufficient to fully understand and address the depth of social oppression and structural violence in the real-world contexts. This chapter suggests an additional standard for ethical research in peace psychology to “do good.” This ethical standard to “do good” empowers those harmed by the violent system to understand the need for change and develop effective strategies to promote and sustain change in any context.
International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 1982
Contemporary society leaves many individuals without a continuing support group. Continued integr... more Contemporary society leaves many individuals without a continuing support group. Continued integration into a network of supportive social relationships is demonstrably related to the prevention of breakdown in health in the widest variety of mental and physical forms. Yet the task of assuring continuity of supportive relationships has not been central to any professional discipline. The facilitation of social support is likely to become more central to community health education. To address this issue we examine seven different forms of intervention which address the problem of augmenting supportive relationships. The goal is to extract the essence of the professional role in the provision of social support and to suggest its relevance to community health education.
This study contrasts an original experiment with a face-to-face group system which was redone for... more This study contrasts an original experiment with a face-to-face group system which was redone for failure to exert strict controls over an opportunity for sub rosa signaling during decision making with the experiment which later replaced it. The two experimental conditions, identical but ...
A public opinion survey of three California cities assessed the extent of public concern over ris... more A public opinion survey of three California cities assessed the extent of public concern over risks associated with modem technologies. A substantial majority of respondents were concerned with each of ten areas, with concern being more widespread among women and less widespread among the more educated. Respondents relied heavily on television news and newspapers for information and varied in rating the reliability of different information sources, with university scientists being the most highly regarded. Decisions on public safety regarding these risks were influenced mainly by federal and state officials, the news media, and business. People believed that they were largely ignored in the process. Despite this feeling, political participation rates were not associated with the extent of concern over the dangers of technological risk. Low participation and high regard for authority raise the issue of the role of the expert in society. Opportunity for public participation in decision making on hazardous wastes, nuclear energy, and toxic substances is now an article of faith. National laws such as the National Environmental Policy Act, the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, and the Atomic Energy Act require it, as do laws in most states. Yet the actual attitudes of the public are seldom known. Moreover, balancing their perceptions with those of experts remains enigmatic. This study surveys 429 citizens in three California cities on their perceptions of risk. On one hand their attitudes may be contrasted with formal "risk assessment," which may be defined as a "science" practiced by experts.' On the other hand their attitudes may be considered as input into the decision-making process-grist for the democratic mill.
A sample of community-based older adults were interviewed and given a questionnaire in order to e... more A sample of community-based older adults were interviewed and given a questionnaire in order to examine the effects of stress, social support, and locus of control on two measures of health: the number of actual symptoms and self-ratings of health. Subjects were 83% ...
... correct." A. A. FLEMING College of Agriculture, University of Georgia, Athens . ... ... more ... correct." A. A. FLEMING College of Agriculture, University of Georgia, Athens . ... The real test of military dominance is not whether a President (who was a former general) could lessen military pressures to break the testing morato-rium, or whether the Air Force asks for even more ...
DETERMINATION of acceptable levels of risk is rapidly gaining the widespread attention of scienti... more DETERMINATION of acceptable levels of risk is rapidly gaining the widespread attention of scientists, elected officials, and bureaucrats. Public concern about the safety of drugs, pesticides, food additives, pollution, and nuclear energy has spawned the demand for ...
The question of what role remains for grassroots community organizing in the postindustrial, glob... more The question of what role remains for grassroots community organizing in the postindustrial, global-information society is up for timely review. Can local organizing restore communities in need? Can such activity prevent global technologies and economies from destroying the foundations and the habitats of all living communities? We first identify what is distinct about grassroots community action. This discussion is built around three concepts: social action, locality development, and empowerment. The postindustrial milieu has exacerbated the need for grassroots activity, but has created new impediments to such activity. The global emergence of grassroots organizing is noted and three problematic issues-the role of the outside expert, the use of specialized information, and connections to coalitions and larger social movements-are discussed. Finally, we look at the place of local organizing in current social movements. The two greatest obstacles to democracy in the U.S. are, first, the widespread delusion among the poor that we have a democracy, and second, the chronic terror among the rich, lest we get it. (Edward Dowling, Editor and Priest, Chicago Daily News, July 28, 1941) The World's people are better organized. .. than they have been for centuries. Local activists are the ragtag front line in the global struggle to end poverty and environmental destruction. (Alan Durning, Worldwatch Institute, 1989
The Galt Helping Network Project was a two-year program to augment mental health and community se... more The Galt Helping Network Project was a two-year program to augment mental health and community services in a rural California community through the use of natural or informal resources. The experiment made use of a preventive intervention model which identified important needs of local youth and families, board and care residents, the entire community for recreation and for mental health services, and the Mexican American Community for recognition and participation. It brought a number of volunteers into the provision of direct services and created a number of institutional forms by which continued services and enlarged voluntary participation in community affairs are continuing beyond the official end of the project. This article concludes that the Galt Helping Network Model can provide a major contribution to mental health maintenance and community involvement through the recognition of natural helpers and the involvement of the community in an active form of problem solving. Through these methods a community with limited fiscal resources can take a major step toward providing a caring and helping environment for its members.
The two-person, two-choice Prisoner's Dilemma game offers the players an opportunity to demonstra... more The two-person, two-choice Prisoner's Dilemma game offers the players an opportunity to demonstrate either trust, by choosing the cooperative (C) response, or suspicion, by choosing the defection (D) response
The various comprehensive community mental health Centers developed at the same time as the free ... more The various comprehensive community mental health Centers developed at the same time as the free clinics intended to provide an alternative form of service. The origins and contributions of each of these directions of service are compared on such matters as funding, political orientation, relation to local government, the composition and functions of their boards, and their models of service delivery. The case is made that the two forms have shown a degree of convergence that shapes the present reality of what is or is not a legitimate part of mental health services.
... Study of Psychopathology and Etiology. Anxiety, self-acceptance, and open-mindedness. MarcPil... more ... Study of Psychopathology and Etiology. Anxiety, self-acceptance, and open-mindedness. MarcPilisuk. Article first published online: 21 FEB 2006. ... Get PDF (452K). More content like this. Find more content: like this article. Find more content written by: Marc Pilisuk. ...
The Dominican Republic provides a striking example of the potential for economic development foll... more The Dominican Republic provides a striking example of the potential for economic development following active military and economic intervention by the United States. A moment of potential for reforms necessitated by the Trujillo era appeared briefly and was lost in the short period of the presidency of Juan Bosch. A detailed study of the circumstances behind the American marine action that restored order, and prevented the return of Bosch, tells us much about U.S. policy in Latin America.
Four-hundred thirty-seven adults 40 years old or older were monitored for medical care utilizatio... more Four-hundred thirty-seven adults 40 years old or older were monitored for medical care utilization in a health maintenance organization over a 5-year period. Rates of utilization were related, in specific ways, to initially obtained indicators of life stress and social support and to interactions between life stress, social support, and age. Use of both standard and step-down hierarchical multiple-regression procedures permitted a distinction between immediate and delayed effects. Implications are drawn regarding the buffering hypothesis for the mitigating effects of social support on the likelihood of health breakdown.
The growing body of evidence linking social support and health has important implications for hea... more The growing body of evidence linking social support and health has important implications for health promotion, disease prevention and treatment. But serious unsolved problems remain in the areas of research, practice and policy. Key among these are the ethical issues which arise when the reality of the importance of social support is translated simplistically into a policy emphasis stressing individual and interpersonal responsibility for health and justifying major cutbacks in health and social programs. This article examines the interdependencies between supportive ties on the individual and community levels and the larger social and political environments within which social networks operate. The effectiveness of families and other micro level support systems is seen as heavily dependent upon the adequacy of programs and policies on the local state and national levels which provide help with income maintenance, housing, transportation and other basic necessities. The cutting bac...
Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews, 2005
... Dale Southerton 8 Diversity in Partnership Histories: Implications for Older Adults&a... more ... Dale Southerton 8 Diversity in Partnership Histories: Implications for Older Adults' Social Integration 117 Pearl A. Dykstra 9 Social Networks as Mediators Between the Harsh Circumstances of People's Lives, and their Lived Experience of Health and Well-being 142 Vicky ...
Ethical standards in research with human participants typically include informed consent and avoi... more Ethical standards in research with human participants typically include informed consent and avoidance of physical or emotional harm. In the field of peace psychology and related social justice research, the standard of “do no harm” may need to be extended. The values of our field include going beyond the standards for integrity in methods and customary protections of human subjects and move into the obligation for our research to make an actual contribution to limit the many forms of violence and injustice that are faced by the human family. With this higher standard we set the bar to include the actual voices of those who experience violence, an examination of the power relationships that perpetuate structural violence, and a reflection on how sponsorship of research and normative disciplinary practices may inadvertently serve to perpetuate a violent system. The suggestion is that “do no harm” as the sole standard in social research is not sufficient to fully understand and address the depth of social oppression and structural violence in the real-world contexts. This chapter suggests an additional standard for ethical research in peace psychology to “do good.” This ethical standard to “do good” empowers those harmed by the violent system to understand the need for change and develop effective strategies to promote and sustain change in any context.
International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 1982
Contemporary society leaves many individuals without a continuing support group. Continued integr... more Contemporary society leaves many individuals without a continuing support group. Continued integration into a network of supportive social relationships is demonstrably related to the prevention of breakdown in health in the widest variety of mental and physical forms. Yet the task of assuring continuity of supportive relationships has not been central to any professional discipline. The facilitation of social support is likely to become more central to community health education. To address this issue we examine seven different forms of intervention which address the problem of augmenting supportive relationships. The goal is to extract the essence of the professional role in the provision of social support and to suggest its relevance to community health education.
This study contrasts an original experiment with a face-to-face group system which was redone for... more This study contrasts an original experiment with a face-to-face group system which was redone for failure to exert strict controls over an opportunity for sub rosa signaling during decision making with the experiment which later replaced it. The two experimental conditions, identical but ...
A public opinion survey of three California cities assessed the extent of public concern over ris... more A public opinion survey of three California cities assessed the extent of public concern over risks associated with modem technologies. A substantial majority of respondents were concerned with each of ten areas, with concern being more widespread among women and less widespread among the more educated. Respondents relied heavily on television news and newspapers for information and varied in rating the reliability of different information sources, with university scientists being the most highly regarded. Decisions on public safety regarding these risks were influenced mainly by federal and state officials, the news media, and business. People believed that they were largely ignored in the process. Despite this feeling, political participation rates were not associated with the extent of concern over the dangers of technological risk. Low participation and high regard for authority raise the issue of the role of the expert in society. Opportunity for public participation in decision making on hazardous wastes, nuclear energy, and toxic substances is now an article of faith. National laws such as the National Environmental Policy Act, the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, and the Atomic Energy Act require it, as do laws in most states. Yet the actual attitudes of the public are seldom known. Moreover, balancing their perceptions with those of experts remains enigmatic. This study surveys 429 citizens in three California cities on their perceptions of risk. On one hand their attitudes may be contrasted with formal "risk assessment," which may be defined as a "science" practiced by experts.' On the other hand their attitudes may be considered as input into the decision-making process-grist for the democratic mill.
A sample of community-based older adults were interviewed and given a questionnaire in order to e... more A sample of community-based older adults were interviewed and given a questionnaire in order to examine the effects of stress, social support, and locus of control on two measures of health: the number of actual symptoms and self-ratings of health. Subjects were 83% ...
... correct." A. A. FLEMING College of Agriculture, University of Georgia, Athens . ... ... more ... correct." A. A. FLEMING College of Agriculture, University of Georgia, Athens . ... The real test of military dominance is not whether a President (who was a former general) could lessen military pressures to break the testing morato-rium, or whether the Air Force asks for even more ...
DETERMINATION of acceptable levels of risk is rapidly gaining the widespread attention of scienti... more DETERMINATION of acceptable levels of risk is rapidly gaining the widespread attention of scientists, elected officials, and bureaucrats. Public concern about the safety of drugs, pesticides, food additives, pollution, and nuclear energy has spawned the demand for ...
The question of what role remains for grassroots community organizing in the postindustrial, glob... more The question of what role remains for grassroots community organizing in the postindustrial, global-information society is up for timely review. Can local organizing restore communities in need? Can such activity prevent global technologies and economies from destroying the foundations and the habitats of all living communities? We first identify what is distinct about grassroots community action. This discussion is built around three concepts: social action, locality development, and empowerment. The postindustrial milieu has exacerbated the need for grassroots activity, but has created new impediments to such activity. The global emergence of grassroots organizing is noted and three problematic issues-the role of the outside expert, the use of specialized information, and connections to coalitions and larger social movements-are discussed. Finally, we look at the place of local organizing in current social movements. The two greatest obstacles to democracy in the U.S. are, first, the widespread delusion among the poor that we have a democracy, and second, the chronic terror among the rich, lest we get it. (Edward Dowling, Editor and Priest, Chicago Daily News, July 28, 1941) The World's people are better organized. .. than they have been for centuries. Local activists are the ragtag front line in the global struggle to end poverty and environmental destruction. (Alan Durning, Worldwatch Institute, 1989
The Galt Helping Network Project was a two-year program to augment mental health and community se... more The Galt Helping Network Project was a two-year program to augment mental health and community services in a rural California community through the use of natural or informal resources. The experiment made use of a preventive intervention model which identified important needs of local youth and families, board and care residents, the entire community for recreation and for mental health services, and the Mexican American Community for recognition and participation. It brought a number of volunteers into the provision of direct services and created a number of institutional forms by which continued services and enlarged voluntary participation in community affairs are continuing beyond the official end of the project. This article concludes that the Galt Helping Network Model can provide a major contribution to mental health maintenance and community involvement through the recognition of natural helpers and the involvement of the community in an active form of problem solving. Through these methods a community with limited fiscal resources can take a major step toward providing a caring and helping environment for its members.
The two-person, two-choice Prisoner's Dilemma game offers the players an opportunity to demonstra... more The two-person, two-choice Prisoner's Dilemma game offers the players an opportunity to demonstrate either trust, by choosing the cooperative (C) response, or suspicion, by choosing the defection (D) response
The various comprehensive community mental health Centers developed at the same time as the free ... more The various comprehensive community mental health Centers developed at the same time as the free clinics intended to provide an alternative form of service. The origins and contributions of each of these directions of service are compared on such matters as funding, political orientation, relation to local government, the composition and functions of their boards, and their models of service delivery. The case is made that the two forms have shown a degree of convergence that shapes the present reality of what is or is not a legitimate part of mental health services.
... Study of Psychopathology and Etiology. Anxiety, self-acceptance, and open-mindedness. MarcPil... more ... Study of Psychopathology and Etiology. Anxiety, self-acceptance, and open-mindedness. MarcPilisuk. Article first published online: 21 FEB 2006. ... Get PDF (452K). More content like this. Find more content: like this article. Find more content written by: Marc Pilisuk. ...
The Dominican Republic provides a striking example of the potential for economic development foll... more The Dominican Republic provides a striking example of the potential for economic development following active military and economic intervention by the United States. A moment of potential for reforms necessitated by the Trujillo era appeared briefly and was lost in the short period of the presidency of Juan Bosch. A detailed study of the circumstances behind the American marine action that restored order, and prevented the return of Bosch, tells us much about U.S. policy in Latin America.
Four-hundred thirty-seven adults 40 years old or older were monitored for medical care utilizatio... more Four-hundred thirty-seven adults 40 years old or older were monitored for medical care utilization in a health maintenance organization over a 5-year period. Rates of utilization were related, in specific ways, to initially obtained indicators of life stress and social support and to interactions between life stress, social support, and age. Use of both standard and step-down hierarchical multiple-regression procedures permitted a distinction between immediate and delayed effects. Implications are drawn regarding the buffering hypothesis for the mitigating effects of social support on the likelihood of health breakdown.
The growing body of evidence linking social support and health has important implications for hea... more The growing body of evidence linking social support and health has important implications for health promotion, disease prevention and treatment. But serious unsolved problems remain in the areas of research, practice and policy. Key among these are the ethical issues which arise when the reality of the importance of social support is translated simplistically into a policy emphasis stressing individual and interpersonal responsibility for health and justifying major cutbacks in health and social programs. This article examines the interdependencies between supportive ties on the individual and community levels and the larger social and political environments within which social networks operate. The effectiveness of families and other micro level support systems is seen as heavily dependent upon the adequacy of programs and policies on the local state and national levels which provide help with income maintenance, housing, transportation and other basic necessities. The cutting bac...
Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews, 2005
... Dale Southerton 8 Diversity in Partnership Histories: Implications for Older Adults&a... more ... Dale Southerton 8 Diversity in Partnership Histories: Implications for Older Adults' Social Integration 117 Pearl A. Dykstra 9 Social Networks as Mediators Between the Harsh Circumstances of People's Lives, and their Lived Experience of Health and Well-being 142 Vicky ...
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