Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity
Purpose Orthorexia nervosa (OrNe) is a potentially pathological condition characterized by a fixa... more Purpose Orthorexia nervosa (OrNe) is a potentially pathological condition characterized by a fixation on healthy diet. An increasing number of studies have been conducted on this mental preoccupation, but the validity and reliability of some of the psychometric instruments employed in its assessment are still under debate. Among these measures, the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS) seems to be promising, given that it allows to differentiate between OrNe and other non-problematic forms of interest with healthy eating, named as healthy orthorexia (HeOr). The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of an Italian version of the TOS, by testing its factorial structure, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and validity. Method Through an online survey, we recruited 782 participants from different regions of Italy, asking them to complete the following self-report instruments: TOS, EHQ, EDI-3, OCI-R, and BSI-18. From the initial sample, 144 participants agreed t...
Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity
Purpose Since the term orthorexia nervosa (ON) was coined from the Greek (ὀρθός, right and ὄρεξις... more Purpose Since the term orthorexia nervosa (ON) was coined from the Greek (ὀρθός, right and ὄρεξις, appetite) in 1997 to describe an obsession with “correct” eating, it has been used worldwide without a consistent definition. Although multiple authors have proposed diagnostic criteria, and many theoretical papers have been published, no consensus definition of ON exists, empirical primary evidence is limited, and ON is not a standardized diagnosis. These gaps prevent research to identify risk and protective factors, pathophysiology, functional consequences, and evidence-based therapeutic treatments. The aims of the current study are to categorize the common observations and presentations of ON pathology among experts in the eating disorder field, propose tentative diagnostic criteria, and consider which DSM chapter and category would be most appropriate for ON should it be included. Methods 47 eating disorder researchers and multidisciplinary treatment specialists from 14 different c...
El nuevo modelo de personalidad ""HEXACO"" nace de estudios de lexico en dive... more El nuevo modelo de personalidad ""HEXACO"" nace de estudios de lexico en diversos idiomas, y propone una estructura de 6 factores: Honestidad-Humildad (H), Emocionalidad (E), eXtraversion (X), Cordialidad (Agreableness, A), Escrupulosidad (Conscientiousness, C), y Apertura a la experiencia (Openess to experience, O).El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la validez de la version espanola del instrumento HEXACO-IP-R. Los resultados muestran que la version espanola del HEXACO reproduce adecuadamente la estructura de 6 factores. Ademas, la consistencia interna y estabilidad test-retest son muy satisfactorias. Por otra parte, los analisis realizados con la edad, el sexo y el nivel de estudios muestran asociaciones coherentes con anteriores estudios. Los resultados obtenidos senalan al HEXACO como un instrumento adecuado para evaluar la personalidad. Palabras clave: HEXACO, Dimensiones de personalidad, Evaluacion, Personalidad. Key words: HEXACO, Personality dimensions, Assessment, Personality.
Orthorexia nervosa could be conceptualized as extreme or excessive preoccupation with eating food... more Orthorexia nervosa could be conceptualized as extreme or excessive preoccupation with eating food believed to be healthy. Up to now, there is no available instrument evaluating every aspect of orthorexia with sufficient psychometric guarantees. The objective of the present study was two-fold. First, to develop and validate a new questionnaire of orthorexia –the Teruel Orthorexia Scale– and, second, to analyze the association with other psychological constructs and disorders theoretically related to orthorexia nervosa: eating disorder symptoms, obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms, negative affect, and perfectionism. Participants were 942 mainly university students who completed a battery of online questionnaires. Starting with an initial item bank of 31 items, we proposed a bidimensional test of orthorexia. This final version, with 17 items, encompassed two related, although differentiable (r = .43), aspects of orthorexia. First, Orthorectic Efforts, which evaluates the “healthy” ...
Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling condition with a wide variety of c... more Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling condition with a wide variety of clinical presentations including contamination fears, fear of harm, and relationship-related obsessions. Cognitive behavioral models of OCD suggest that OC symptoms result from catastrophic misinterpretations of commonly occurring intrusive experiences and associated dysfunctional strategies used to manage them. OCD-related maladaptive beliefs including inflated responsibility, importance and control of thoughts, perfectionism, and intolerance for uncertainty increase the likelihood of such misinterpretations. Objective: Considering accumulating evidence suggesting that mobile health (mHealth) apps based on cognitive-behavioral principles may lead to significant reductions in psychopathological symptoms, we assessed the effectiveness of a novel cognitive training app (GGRO) designed to challenge OCD-related beliefs. Methods: A total of 97 students were randomized to groups undertaking immediate-use (iApp) or delayed use (dApp) of GGRO. All participants were requested to complete Web-based assessments, with questionnaires relating to maladaptive beliefs, mood, and OC symptoms at baseline (T1), 15 days from baseline (T2), and 30 days from baseline (T3). Participants in iApp group started using the app at baseline and continued using the app for 15 consecutive days. They were then requested to stop using the app until T3. Participants in the dApp group were requested to wait for 15 days and only then start using the app (crossover) for 15 consecutive days. Results: All participants used the app for a mean of 14.07 (SD 1.41) days with 2.94 levels per day. Consistent with previous findings, app use was associated with medium-large effect size reductions in both iApp (n=51) and dApp (n=46) groups. In the iApp group, all effects remained significant during the 15 days of follow-up. Analyses focusing on the first two assessment occasions revealed significant treatment × repeated measures interactions on maladaptive beliefs, several OC symptom measures, and self-esteem. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence for the efficacy of GGRO as a mobile-delivered training exercise that is useful for reducing OCD-related beliefs and symptoms.
Orthorexia nervosa has recently been defined as excessive preoccupation with healthy eating, caus... more Orthorexia nervosa has recently been defined as excessive preoccupation with healthy eating, causing significant nutritional deficiencies and social and personal impairments. The ORTO-15 is the most widely used instrument to evaluate orthorexia nervosa, although previous studies obtained inconsistent results about its psychometric properties, and there are no data on the Spanish version. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the ORTO-15. In order to cross-validate the results, two independent samples were used (Sample 1: n = 807, 74.1% women; Sample 2: n = 242, 63.2% women). The results did not support the original recoding and reversal of the items; thus, the original scores were maintained. The analysis of the internal structure showed that the best interpretable solution was unidimensional, and due to low loadings, four items were removed. The internal consistency (α = .74) and temporal stability (r =...
Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments for Children and Adolescents: State of the Art. BA... more Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments for Children and Adolescents: State of the Art. BACKGROUND The empirical evidence accumulated on the efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency of psychotherapeutic treatments in children and adolescents calls for an update. The main goal of this paper objective was to carry out a selective review of empirically supported psychological treatments for a variety of common psychological disorders and problems in childhood and adolescence. METHOD A review was carried out of the psychological treatments for different psychological disorders and problems in social-emotional or behavioral adjustment in the child-adolescent population according to the Spanish National Health System (Clinical Practice Guidelines) levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation. RESULTS The findings suggest that psychological treatments have empirical support for addressing a wide range of psychological problems in these developmental stages. The degree of empirica...
Because children and adolescents are vulnerable to developing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)... more Because children and adolescents are vulnerable to developing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), classroom teachers play an important role in the early identification and intervention in students with OCD. The present study aims to explore the recognition of OCD, general knowledge about this disorder, implications in the classroom, and stigmatizing attitudes among teachers, as well as the effectiveness of a brief educational intervention about OCD. Participants (n = 95; mean age = 43. 29 years old; 64.3% female) were primary and secondary school teachers who were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. All of them completed a set of self-report questionnaires, read an educational fact sheet (either about OCD in the experimental group or about a healthy diet in the control group), and again completed the questionnaires. Results show that prior to the intervention, most of the teachers identified the contamination and order OCD symptoms described in a vignette...
The aim of the present study was to analyze differences in the emotional processing (valence, aro... more The aim of the present study was to analyze differences in the emotional processing (valence, arousal, and dominance) of food-related information in patients with eating disorders (ED), patients with obesity, and healthy women. Moreover, the mediator role of negative affect and the moderating role of the diagnostic group (ED vs. non-ED) were analyzed. Method: The sample consisted of 94 women (39 with eating disorders, 19 with obesity, and 36 healthy participants). Measures: International Affective Picture System (IAPS) food picture exposure task; Self-Assessment Manikin Analog-Visual Scale (SAM) appraising Arousal, Valence, and Dominance; Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26); Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Results: Patients with purging symptomatology rated food images as more unpleasant than healthy women. Patients with purging and restrictive eating symptomatology showed higher levels of arousal and less dominance over the emotions experienced, compared to patients with ...
Summary: The aim of this study was to analyze the usefulness and effectiveness of a virtual envir... more Summary: The aim of this study was to analyze the usefulness and effectiveness of a virtual environment as a complementary tool to cognitive-behavioral treatment in normalizing the food intake of a patient with a diagnosis of AN, purging subtype. After the6-session VR module, the results indicated that the patient was normalizing her eating patterns. Her binging and vo miting had decreased; she had introduced forbidden foods avoided for years like toast and pizza, and her weight had increased slightly. There was also an improvement in all factors assessed by the EDI, highlighting a major change in “perfectionism” and “drive to thinness”. Her depressive and anxious symptoms had decreased, and her social interaction had increased progressively. Virtual experiences were evaluated as very real by the patient, who felt quite involved with the virtual environment. The level of satisfaction and degree of usefulness of the VR component were rated highly by the patient. Finally, the need to ...
Little is known about orthorexia in both its pathological (orthorexia nervosa, OrNe) and adaptive... more Little is known about orthorexia in both its pathological (orthorexia nervosa, OrNe) and adaptive (healthy orthorexia, HeOr) forms. To date, few studies have been carried out to analyze the personality profile associated with orthorexia, and the results have been contradictory. The aim of the present study was to explore the characteristic pathological personality traits associated with OrNe and HeOr. A total of 297 participants (Mage = 30.8 years; 94.6% women) from the general population completed the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS) and Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Short Form (PID-5-SF) questionnaires. Results showed significant low-medium correlations between OrNe and the four personality factors (Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism) (rs range [0.08, 0.36]). In the regression analysis, the predictors of OrNe were Neuroticism and, to a lesser extent, Psychoticism. For HeOr, the associations were lower (rs range [−0.13, 0.05]) and negative, except Psyc...
Background Some of the commonly used tools to assess orthorexia nervosa (OrNe) do not allow a mea... more Background Some of the commonly used tools to assess orthorexia nervosa (OrNe) do not allow a meaningful interpretation of the scores or yield mixed results about the dimensions needed to represent orthorexia. Since no advancement in the theoretical knowledge can be made without a thorough examination of the measurement aspects, this study aimed to evaluate the correlation between orthorexia nervosa (OrNe) and lifestyle habits, notably alcohol drinking, cigarette and waterpipe smoking, and physical exercise, and to validate and assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic versions of the Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ) and Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS). Methods A total of 456 adult participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. Exploratory structural equation models were used to test the internal structure of the instruments. Shorter and more explicit versions were proposed for instruments. Pearson and partial correlations were computed between orthorexia scores...
Numerosas investigaciones han intentado determinar las variables implicadas en la génesis y mante... more Numerosas investigaciones han intentado determinar las variables implicadas en la génesis y mantenimiento del Trastorno Obsesivo-Compulsivo (TOC). Recientemente, se han propuesto la evitación del daño y la sensación de inacabado como dos dimensiones nucleares motivadoras de la sintomatología obsesivo-compulsiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el papel de la evitación del daño y la sensación de inacabado en su relación con los síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos. Para ello, se realizó un Path analysis en una muestra de 267 personas de la población general (74,5% mujeres; edad media 27,29 años). Los resultados mostraron que la asociación entre evitación del daño y los síntomas de orden y comprobación estaba mediada, en gran medida, por la sensación de inacabado, apoyando una mayor especificidad de esta última en la fenomenología TOC. Futuros estudios deberán corroborar este resultado en muestras clínicas. PalabRas clave Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo; sensación de inacabado; evitación del daño; orden; comprobación.
Background: Patients with eating disorders (ED) or obesity show difficulties in tasks assessing d... more Background: Patients with eating disorders (ED) or obesity show difficulties in tasks assessing decision-making, set-shifting abilities and central coherence. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore executive functions in eating and weight-related problems, ranging from restricting types of ED to obesity. Method: Two hundred and eighty-eight female participants (75 with obesity; 149 with ED: 76 with restrictive eating, 73 with bingeing-purging symptoms; and 64 healthy controls) were administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Iowa Gambling Task, and the Group Embedded Figures Test to assess set-shifting, decision-making and central coherence, respectively. Results: Participants with either obesity or ED performed poorly on tests measuring executive functioning compared with healthy controls, even after controlling for age and intelligence. Both participants with obesity and participants with ED showed a preference for global information processing. Conclusions: The findings...
Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity
Purpose Orthorexia nervosa (OrNe) is a potentially pathological condition characterized by a fixa... more Purpose Orthorexia nervosa (OrNe) is a potentially pathological condition characterized by a fixation on healthy diet. An increasing number of studies have been conducted on this mental preoccupation, but the validity and reliability of some of the psychometric instruments employed in its assessment are still under debate. Among these measures, the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS) seems to be promising, given that it allows to differentiate between OrNe and other non-problematic forms of interest with healthy eating, named as healthy orthorexia (HeOr). The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of an Italian version of the TOS, by testing its factorial structure, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and validity. Method Through an online survey, we recruited 782 participants from different regions of Italy, asking them to complete the following self-report instruments: TOS, EHQ, EDI-3, OCI-R, and BSI-18. From the initial sample, 144 participants agreed t...
Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity
Purpose Since the term orthorexia nervosa (ON) was coined from the Greek (ὀρθός, right and ὄρεξις... more Purpose Since the term orthorexia nervosa (ON) was coined from the Greek (ὀρθός, right and ὄρεξις, appetite) in 1997 to describe an obsession with “correct” eating, it has been used worldwide without a consistent definition. Although multiple authors have proposed diagnostic criteria, and many theoretical papers have been published, no consensus definition of ON exists, empirical primary evidence is limited, and ON is not a standardized diagnosis. These gaps prevent research to identify risk and protective factors, pathophysiology, functional consequences, and evidence-based therapeutic treatments. The aims of the current study are to categorize the common observations and presentations of ON pathology among experts in the eating disorder field, propose tentative diagnostic criteria, and consider which DSM chapter and category would be most appropriate for ON should it be included. Methods 47 eating disorder researchers and multidisciplinary treatment specialists from 14 different c...
El nuevo modelo de personalidad ""HEXACO"" nace de estudios de lexico en dive... more El nuevo modelo de personalidad ""HEXACO"" nace de estudios de lexico en diversos idiomas, y propone una estructura de 6 factores: Honestidad-Humildad (H), Emocionalidad (E), eXtraversion (X), Cordialidad (Agreableness, A), Escrupulosidad (Conscientiousness, C), y Apertura a la experiencia (Openess to experience, O).El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la validez de la version espanola del instrumento HEXACO-IP-R. Los resultados muestran que la version espanola del HEXACO reproduce adecuadamente la estructura de 6 factores. Ademas, la consistencia interna y estabilidad test-retest son muy satisfactorias. Por otra parte, los analisis realizados con la edad, el sexo y el nivel de estudios muestran asociaciones coherentes con anteriores estudios. Los resultados obtenidos senalan al HEXACO como un instrumento adecuado para evaluar la personalidad. Palabras clave: HEXACO, Dimensiones de personalidad, Evaluacion, Personalidad. Key words: HEXACO, Personality dimensions, Assessment, Personality.
Orthorexia nervosa could be conceptualized as extreme or excessive preoccupation with eating food... more Orthorexia nervosa could be conceptualized as extreme or excessive preoccupation with eating food believed to be healthy. Up to now, there is no available instrument evaluating every aspect of orthorexia with sufficient psychometric guarantees. The objective of the present study was two-fold. First, to develop and validate a new questionnaire of orthorexia –the Teruel Orthorexia Scale– and, second, to analyze the association with other psychological constructs and disorders theoretically related to orthorexia nervosa: eating disorder symptoms, obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms, negative affect, and perfectionism. Participants were 942 mainly university students who completed a battery of online questionnaires. Starting with an initial item bank of 31 items, we proposed a bidimensional test of orthorexia. This final version, with 17 items, encompassed two related, although differentiable (r = .43), aspects of orthorexia. First, Orthorectic Efforts, which evaluates the “healthy” ...
Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling condition with a wide variety of c... more Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling condition with a wide variety of clinical presentations including contamination fears, fear of harm, and relationship-related obsessions. Cognitive behavioral models of OCD suggest that OC symptoms result from catastrophic misinterpretations of commonly occurring intrusive experiences and associated dysfunctional strategies used to manage them. OCD-related maladaptive beliefs including inflated responsibility, importance and control of thoughts, perfectionism, and intolerance for uncertainty increase the likelihood of such misinterpretations. Objective: Considering accumulating evidence suggesting that mobile health (mHealth) apps based on cognitive-behavioral principles may lead to significant reductions in psychopathological symptoms, we assessed the effectiveness of a novel cognitive training app (GGRO) designed to challenge OCD-related beliefs. Methods: A total of 97 students were randomized to groups undertaking immediate-use (iApp) or delayed use (dApp) of GGRO. All participants were requested to complete Web-based assessments, with questionnaires relating to maladaptive beliefs, mood, and OC symptoms at baseline (T1), 15 days from baseline (T2), and 30 days from baseline (T3). Participants in iApp group started using the app at baseline and continued using the app for 15 consecutive days. They were then requested to stop using the app until T3. Participants in the dApp group were requested to wait for 15 days and only then start using the app (crossover) for 15 consecutive days. Results: All participants used the app for a mean of 14.07 (SD 1.41) days with 2.94 levels per day. Consistent with previous findings, app use was associated with medium-large effect size reductions in both iApp (n=51) and dApp (n=46) groups. In the iApp group, all effects remained significant during the 15 days of follow-up. Analyses focusing on the first two assessment occasions revealed significant treatment × repeated measures interactions on maladaptive beliefs, several OC symptom measures, and self-esteem. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence for the efficacy of GGRO as a mobile-delivered training exercise that is useful for reducing OCD-related beliefs and symptoms.
Orthorexia nervosa has recently been defined as excessive preoccupation with healthy eating, caus... more Orthorexia nervosa has recently been defined as excessive preoccupation with healthy eating, causing significant nutritional deficiencies and social and personal impairments. The ORTO-15 is the most widely used instrument to evaluate orthorexia nervosa, although previous studies obtained inconsistent results about its psychometric properties, and there are no data on the Spanish version. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the ORTO-15. In order to cross-validate the results, two independent samples were used (Sample 1: n = 807, 74.1% women; Sample 2: n = 242, 63.2% women). The results did not support the original recoding and reversal of the items; thus, the original scores were maintained. The analysis of the internal structure showed that the best interpretable solution was unidimensional, and due to low loadings, four items were removed. The internal consistency (α = .74) and temporal stability (r =...
Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments for Children and Adolescents: State of the Art. BA... more Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments for Children and Adolescents: State of the Art. BACKGROUND The empirical evidence accumulated on the efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency of psychotherapeutic treatments in children and adolescents calls for an update. The main goal of this paper objective was to carry out a selective review of empirically supported psychological treatments for a variety of common psychological disorders and problems in childhood and adolescence. METHOD A review was carried out of the psychological treatments for different psychological disorders and problems in social-emotional or behavioral adjustment in the child-adolescent population according to the Spanish National Health System (Clinical Practice Guidelines) levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation. RESULTS The findings suggest that psychological treatments have empirical support for addressing a wide range of psychological problems in these developmental stages. The degree of empirica...
Because children and adolescents are vulnerable to developing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)... more Because children and adolescents are vulnerable to developing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), classroom teachers play an important role in the early identification and intervention in students with OCD. The present study aims to explore the recognition of OCD, general knowledge about this disorder, implications in the classroom, and stigmatizing attitudes among teachers, as well as the effectiveness of a brief educational intervention about OCD. Participants (n = 95; mean age = 43. 29 years old; 64.3% female) were primary and secondary school teachers who were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. All of them completed a set of self-report questionnaires, read an educational fact sheet (either about OCD in the experimental group or about a healthy diet in the control group), and again completed the questionnaires. Results show that prior to the intervention, most of the teachers identified the contamination and order OCD symptoms described in a vignette...
The aim of the present study was to analyze differences in the emotional processing (valence, aro... more The aim of the present study was to analyze differences in the emotional processing (valence, arousal, and dominance) of food-related information in patients with eating disorders (ED), patients with obesity, and healthy women. Moreover, the mediator role of negative affect and the moderating role of the diagnostic group (ED vs. non-ED) were analyzed. Method: The sample consisted of 94 women (39 with eating disorders, 19 with obesity, and 36 healthy participants). Measures: International Affective Picture System (IAPS) food picture exposure task; Self-Assessment Manikin Analog-Visual Scale (SAM) appraising Arousal, Valence, and Dominance; Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26); Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Results: Patients with purging symptomatology rated food images as more unpleasant than healthy women. Patients with purging and restrictive eating symptomatology showed higher levels of arousal and less dominance over the emotions experienced, compared to patients with ...
Summary: The aim of this study was to analyze the usefulness and effectiveness of a virtual envir... more Summary: The aim of this study was to analyze the usefulness and effectiveness of a virtual environment as a complementary tool to cognitive-behavioral treatment in normalizing the food intake of a patient with a diagnosis of AN, purging subtype. After the6-session VR module, the results indicated that the patient was normalizing her eating patterns. Her binging and vo miting had decreased; she had introduced forbidden foods avoided for years like toast and pizza, and her weight had increased slightly. There was also an improvement in all factors assessed by the EDI, highlighting a major change in “perfectionism” and “drive to thinness”. Her depressive and anxious symptoms had decreased, and her social interaction had increased progressively. Virtual experiences were evaluated as very real by the patient, who felt quite involved with the virtual environment. The level of satisfaction and degree of usefulness of the VR component were rated highly by the patient. Finally, the need to ...
Little is known about orthorexia in both its pathological (orthorexia nervosa, OrNe) and adaptive... more Little is known about orthorexia in both its pathological (orthorexia nervosa, OrNe) and adaptive (healthy orthorexia, HeOr) forms. To date, few studies have been carried out to analyze the personality profile associated with orthorexia, and the results have been contradictory. The aim of the present study was to explore the characteristic pathological personality traits associated with OrNe and HeOr. A total of 297 participants (Mage = 30.8 years; 94.6% women) from the general population completed the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS) and Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Short Form (PID-5-SF) questionnaires. Results showed significant low-medium correlations between OrNe and the four personality factors (Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism) (rs range [0.08, 0.36]). In the regression analysis, the predictors of OrNe were Neuroticism and, to a lesser extent, Psychoticism. For HeOr, the associations were lower (rs range [−0.13, 0.05]) and negative, except Psyc...
Background Some of the commonly used tools to assess orthorexia nervosa (OrNe) do not allow a mea... more Background Some of the commonly used tools to assess orthorexia nervosa (OrNe) do not allow a meaningful interpretation of the scores or yield mixed results about the dimensions needed to represent orthorexia. Since no advancement in the theoretical knowledge can be made without a thorough examination of the measurement aspects, this study aimed to evaluate the correlation between orthorexia nervosa (OrNe) and lifestyle habits, notably alcohol drinking, cigarette and waterpipe smoking, and physical exercise, and to validate and assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic versions of the Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ) and Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS). Methods A total of 456 adult participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. Exploratory structural equation models were used to test the internal structure of the instruments. Shorter and more explicit versions were proposed for instruments. Pearson and partial correlations were computed between orthorexia scores...
Numerosas investigaciones han intentado determinar las variables implicadas en la génesis y mante... more Numerosas investigaciones han intentado determinar las variables implicadas en la génesis y mantenimiento del Trastorno Obsesivo-Compulsivo (TOC). Recientemente, se han propuesto la evitación del daño y la sensación de inacabado como dos dimensiones nucleares motivadoras de la sintomatología obsesivo-compulsiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el papel de la evitación del daño y la sensación de inacabado en su relación con los síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos. Para ello, se realizó un Path analysis en una muestra de 267 personas de la población general (74,5% mujeres; edad media 27,29 años). Los resultados mostraron que la asociación entre evitación del daño y los síntomas de orden y comprobación estaba mediada, en gran medida, por la sensación de inacabado, apoyando una mayor especificidad de esta última en la fenomenología TOC. Futuros estudios deberán corroborar este resultado en muestras clínicas. PalabRas clave Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo; sensación de inacabado; evitación del daño; orden; comprobación.
Background: Patients with eating disorders (ED) or obesity show difficulties in tasks assessing d... more Background: Patients with eating disorders (ED) or obesity show difficulties in tasks assessing decision-making, set-shifting abilities and central coherence. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore executive functions in eating and weight-related problems, ranging from restricting types of ED to obesity. Method: Two hundred and eighty-eight female participants (75 with obesity; 149 with ED: 76 with restrictive eating, 73 with bingeing-purging symptoms; and 64 healthy controls) were administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Iowa Gambling Task, and the Group Embedded Figures Test to assess set-shifting, decision-making and central coherence, respectively. Results: Participants with either obesity or ED performed poorly on tests measuring executive functioning compared with healthy controls, even after controlling for age and intelligence. Both participants with obesity and participants with ED showed a preference for global information processing. Conclusions: The findings...
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