Hábitat de nidificación y números de Gaviotines Peruanos en cinco sitios de reproducción en la co... more Hábitat de nidificación y números de Gaviotines Peruanos en cinco sitios de reproducción en la costa centro-sur del Perú.
The Peruvian Tern ( Sternula lorata ) is one of the rarest seabirds that breed on the barren dese... more The Peruvian Tern ( Sternula lorata ) is one of the rarest seabirds that breed on the barren desert plains of Peru and Chile. Unlike the majority of seabirds breeding in this region, Peruvian Terns nest in open areas on the mainland, where they are exposed to attacks by predators, mainly foxes ( Pseudalopex spp.). Here, we describe the Peruvian Tern's breeding biology and examine its ecological adaptations to counteract high predation rates from data collected during the 1970s and 1990s at four localities in central-southern Peru: Puerto Viejo (12°34'S), Pampa Lechuzas (13°53'S), Yanyarina (15°26'S) and Mollendo (17°04'S). Egg-laying was asynchronous both within and among breeding groups, spreading from mid October to late January. Modal clutch size was two eggs, which were incubated for 22 d. Weight increment for two chicks during the linear section of the growth curve was 2.27 and 2.54 g/d. A complete body weight growth curve for one chick was fitted to the logistic equation with K L = 0.193 d -1 , A = 50.66 g and t i = 9.9 d. The proportion of nests that hatched at least one chick at Puerto Viejo varied from complete failure in 1971-72 to 80% (N = 6 nests) in 1973-74. Birds did not attempt to breed during El Niño 1972-73. Low nest density (five to seven nests/km 2 ), absence of nest material, camouflage of eggs and chicks, and high mobility of chicks few days after hatching are traits that may decrease nest detection by predators. Conversely, presence of landmarks such as clusters of stones, shell chips, tire tracks and broken glass close to the nest probably enhance nest location by parents in the featureless environment of the desert. Prey remains found in the nests were seven to eight cm Peruvian Silversides ( Odonthestes regia regia ) and Mote Sculpins ( Normanichthys crockeri ). The breeding biology and nesting strategies of Peruvian Terns are very similar to the closely-related Damara Tern ( Sternula balaenarum ) from the coast of South-western Africa and may have evolved to reduce high rates of mammalian predation.
The coast of Pisco and Paracas, Departo. de Ica, Per& has long been known as an important sta... more The coast of Pisco and Paracas, Departo. de Ica, Per& has long been known as an important staging and wintering area for migrant shorebirds. A wide variety of habitats including sandy and rocky beaches, tidal mud flats, marshes, and fresh and brackish water lagoons attract ...
... ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my gratitude to John Davis, David N. Ewert, Michael Gochfel... more ... ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my gratitude to John Davis, David N. Ewert, Michael Gochfeld, RA Hughes, T. James Lewis, John P. O'Neill, David L. Pearson, Dan A. Tallman, andHumberto Tovar S., for allowing me to report their records. ... Livingston Publ. ...
Breeding of the Green-bellied Hummingbird.-On 21 February 1970 near Moco Moco creek in the Kanuka... more Breeding of the Green-bellied Hummingbird.-On 21 February 1970 near Moco Moco creek in the Kanuka Mountains of southern Guyana at approximately 85 m elevation we found a nest of the Green-bellied Hummingbird (Amazilia viridigaster), which has not previously been ...
Hábitat de nidificación y números de Gaviotines Peruanos en cinco sitios de reproducción en la co... more Hábitat de nidificación y números de Gaviotines Peruanos en cinco sitios de reproducción en la costa centro-sur del Perú.
The Peruvian Tern ( Sternula lorata ) is one of the rarest seabirds that breed on the barren dese... more The Peruvian Tern ( Sternula lorata ) is one of the rarest seabirds that breed on the barren desert plains of Peru and Chile. Unlike the majority of seabirds breeding in this region, Peruvian Terns nest in open areas on the mainland, where they are exposed to attacks by predators, mainly foxes ( Pseudalopex spp.). Here, we describe the Peruvian Tern's breeding biology and examine its ecological adaptations to counteract high predation rates from data collected during the 1970s and 1990s at four localities in central-southern Peru: Puerto Viejo (12°34'S), Pampa Lechuzas (13°53'S), Yanyarina (15°26'S) and Mollendo (17°04'S). Egg-laying was asynchronous both within and among breeding groups, spreading from mid October to late January. Modal clutch size was two eggs, which were incubated for 22 d. Weight increment for two chicks during the linear section of the growth curve was 2.27 and 2.54 g/d. A complete body weight growth curve for one chick was fitted to the logistic equation with K L = 0.193 d -1 , A = 50.66 g and t i = 9.9 d. The proportion of nests that hatched at least one chick at Puerto Viejo varied from complete failure in 1971-72 to 80% (N = 6 nests) in 1973-74. Birds did not attempt to breed during El Niño 1972-73. Low nest density (five to seven nests/km 2 ), absence of nest material, camouflage of eggs and chicks, and high mobility of chicks few days after hatching are traits that may decrease nest detection by predators. Conversely, presence of landmarks such as clusters of stones, shell chips, tire tracks and broken glass close to the nest probably enhance nest location by parents in the featureless environment of the desert. Prey remains found in the nests were seven to eight cm Peruvian Silversides ( Odonthestes regia regia ) and Mote Sculpins ( Normanichthys crockeri ). The breeding biology and nesting strategies of Peruvian Terns are very similar to the closely-related Damara Tern ( Sternula balaenarum ) from the coast of South-western Africa and may have evolved to reduce high rates of mammalian predation.
The coast of Pisco and Paracas, Departo. de Ica, Per& has long been known as an important sta... more The coast of Pisco and Paracas, Departo. de Ica, Per& has long been known as an important staging and wintering area for migrant shorebirds. A wide variety of habitats including sandy and rocky beaches, tidal mud flats, marshes, and fresh and brackish water lagoons attract ...
... ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my gratitude to John Davis, David N. Ewert, Michael Gochfel... more ... ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my gratitude to John Davis, David N. Ewert, Michael Gochfeld, RA Hughes, T. James Lewis, John P. O'Neill, David L. Pearson, Dan A. Tallman, andHumberto Tovar S., for allowing me to report their records. ... Livingston Publ. ...
Breeding of the Green-bellied Hummingbird.-On 21 February 1970 near Moco Moco creek in the Kanuka... more Breeding of the Green-bellied Hummingbird.-On 21 February 1970 near Moco Moco creek in the Kanuka Mountains of southern Guyana at approximately 85 m elevation we found a nest of the Green-bellied Hummingbird (Amazilia viridigaster), which has not previously been ...
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