It is essential for collection of blood samples from laboratory animals employed in wide range of... more It is essential for collection of blood samples from laboratory animals employed in wide range of scientific research. There is a no. of techniques available for blood sample collection from Rats/mice. The stress produced in animals during the blood collection may compromise with the research data which may invalidate the results. It is necessary that the blood sample collection is done by trained individuals so as to minimize the stress and other physiological reactions in the animals. This article reviews some of the common approved blood collection techniques for rats/mice.
The leaf samples of Adhatoda vasica and Vitex negundo were subjected to phytochemical analysis. B... more The leaf samples of Adhatoda vasica and Vitex negundo were subjected to phytochemical analysis. Both the plants contained antioxidant phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tannin, saponins, phenolics and flavonoids; which were present in comparatively higher amount in Vitex negundo. Tannins were recorded highest among all the phytochemicals (93.9 ± 0.8 and 61.3 ± 0.8 mg/g in Vitex negundo and Adhatoda vasica respectively). Phenolics were recorded lowest (13. ± 0.1 and 8.1 ± 0.5 mg/g in Adhatoda vasica and Vitex negundo respectively.The methanolic extracts of the plants were also analyzed for antioxidant and reducing power potentiality. Both plants showed strong antioxidant and reducing power ability. The strong antioxidant and reducing power ability of the plant underlines their use as antioxidant supplement against diseases such as typhoid during which antioxidant system fails; cardiovascular diseases which are caused due to accumulation of Reactive oxygen species; ageing related disea...
The communication deals with the antioxidant activity of aqueous leaf extract of Calotropis proce... more The communication deals with the antioxidant activity of aqueous leaf extract of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br., along with the phytochemical, pharmacological and nutritive properties. The total antioxidant activity was not very pronounced, however, the reducing potential of the extract was prominent, and showed concentration dependence. The phytochemical analysis showed high amount of total ash content (18.3±0.8 mg/g), moderate amount of flavonoids (25.08±0.6) and tannin (9.1±0.3) contents and low amount of phenol (15.2±0.3 mg/g). The protein content (181.0±6.0 mg/g ) was found high, while the fat (41.4±3.0 mg/g) and carbohydrate content (79.1±3.5 mg/g) as well as the nutritive potential (1.41±0.3 Cal/g) were in the moderate range. C. procera leaves showed high swelling and foaming indices (195±2.0 and 125±2.5 % respectively), which is an indicative of good drug release characteristics. Present findings suggest that C. procera is a potential source of phytochemicals like phenols,...
Aqueous, ethanolic, dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of Scilla natalensis Planch. and Ledebo... more Aqueous, ethanolic, dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of Scilla natalensis Planch. and Ledebouria ovatifolia (Bak.) Jessop bulbs (Hyacinthaceae) were screened for antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antischistosomic, anticancer and anthelmintic activity. Poor antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was shown with S. natalensis extracts. Good antibacterial activity was shown by the ethanolic and dichloromethane extracts of L. ovatifolia against Gram-positive bacteria. In the anti-inflammatory screening, the dichloromethane and hexane extracts of S. natalensis resulted in good inhibition against both COX-1 and COX-2. Ethanolic extracts had the highest inhibitory effect against nematodes in the anthelmintic assays. Poor antiinflammatory and anthelmintic activity was found with L. ovatifolia. Aqueous extracts of S. natalensis had good activity against Schistosoma haematobium , with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.4 mg ml (1. Aqueous extracts of fresh L. ovatifolia bulb material were found to be lethal to S. haematobium at a concentration of 1.6 mg ml (1. The phytochemical screening of S. natalensis bulbs revealed the presence of saponins and bufadienolides within the bulbs. Bulbs of L. ovatifolia contained bufadienolides.
Dictyopteris membranacea, a species of Mediterranean brown algae,is believed to have potential ph... more Dictyopteris membranacea, a species of Mediterranean brown algae,is believed to have potential pharmacological and nutritional applications. However, such potentials only make sense when devoid of any adverse health consequences. The present study should be seen in this context. It aimed at evaluating the genotoxicity and cytoxicity of its organic extract (F 0) and semi purified fractions (F 4, F 5 ,and F 6).Extracts were tested using the bacterial Vitotox ® test and micronucleus assay in different concentrations (from 1.25 µg/mL up to 100 µg/mL, depending on the test and the extract). Applied concentrations were based on a preliminary dose-finding test with the neutral red uptake assay. The results show that all extracts were not genotoxic in the presence or absence of a rat metabolic enzyme fraction (S9). This is encouraging and justifies further investigations on the therapeutic and other values of this algae. SUMMARY • Dictyopteris membranacea extracts and some of their semi purified fractions have important antibacterial properties. • The organic extract (F 0) and semi purified fractions (F 4 , F 5 , and F 6) were not genotoxic according to the bacterial Vitotox test. • They were also not genotoxic according to the micronucleus test in human C3A cells. • Applied concentrations were based on the in-vitro neutral red uptake (NRU) test.
Interest in "green nanotechnology" in nanoparticle biosynthesis is growing among researchers. Nan... more Interest in "green nanotechnology" in nanoparticle biosynthesis is growing among researchers. Nanotechnologies, due to their physicochemical and biological properties, have applications in diverse fields, including drug delivery, sensors, optoelectronics, and magnetic devices. This review focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant sources. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an eco-friendly approach, which should be further explored for the potential of different plants to synthesize nanoparticles. The sizes of AgNPs are in the range of 1 to 100 nm. Characterization of synthesized nanoparticles is accomplished through UV spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. AgNPs have great potential to act as antimicrobial agents. The green synthesis of AgNPs can be efficiently applied for future engineering and medical concerns. Different types of cancers can be treated and/or controlled by phytonanotechnology. The present review provides a comprehensive survey of plant-mediated synthesis of AgNPs with specific focus on their applications, e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
For decades, the hallmark of medical treatment for cancer has been intravenous cytotoxic chemothe... more For decades, the hallmark of medical treatment for cancer has been intravenous cytotoxic chemotherapy, where these drugs target rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells and certain normal tissues. As a result, many patients experience the classic toxicities of alopecia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and myelosuppression. In the past decade, however, a dramatic shift has been witnesses in the cancer therapy. Although traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy still remains the treatment of choice for many malignancies, targeted therapies are now a component of treatment for many types of cancer, including breast, colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers, as well as lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma.
... We now report on the antifertility activity of a crude ethanol extract in male albino rats. M... more ... We now report on the antifertility activity of a crude ethanol extract in male albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS ... Animals were fed with pelleted standard rat feed (Hindustan Lever Ltd., India), supplemented with soaked gram and wheat. Water was provided ad libilum. ...
An important requirement of immobilized enzyme based biosensors is the thermal stability of the e... more An important requirement of immobilized enzyme based biosensors is the thermal stability of the enzyme. Studies were carried out to increase thermal stability of glucose oxidase (GOD) for biosensor applications. Immobilization of the enzyme was carried out using glass beads as support and the effect of silane concentration (in the range 1–10%) during the silanization step on the thermal stability of GOD has been investigated. Upon incubation at 70 °C for 3 h, the activity retention with 1% silane was only 23%, which increased with silane concentration to reach a maximum up to 250% of the initial activity with 4% silane. Above this concentration the activity decreased. The increased stability of the enzyme in the presence of high silane concentrations may be attributed to the increase in the surface hydrophobicity of the support. The decrease in the enzyme stability for silane concentrations above 4% was apparently due to the uneven deposition of the silane layer on the glass bead su...
A novel method based on immuno-chemiluminescence and image analysis using charge coupled device (... more A novel method based on immuno-chemiluminescence and image analysis using charge coupled device (CCD) for the qualitative detection of methyl parathion (MP) with high sensitivity (up to 10 ppt) is described. MP antibodies raised in poultry were used as a biological sensing element for the recognition of MP present in the sample. The immuno-reactor column was prepared by packing in a glass capillary column (150 μl capacity) MP antibodies immobilized on Sepharose CL-4B through periodate oxidation method. Chemiluminescence principle was used for the detection of the pesticide. Light images generated during the chemiluminescence reaction were captured by a CCD camera and further processed for image intensity, which was correlated with pesticide concentrations. K3Fe(CN)6 was used as a light enhancer to obtain detectable light images. Different parameters including concentrations of K3Fe(CN)6, luminol, urea H2O2, antibody, addition sequence of reactants and incubation time to obtain best ...
Phytochemical investigation was carried out on the crude methanol and aqueous extracts of the lea... more Phytochemical investigation was carried out on the crude methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Syzygium cumini (L.) (MYRTACEAE). The antimicrobial activity of the extract was tested against standard strains and clinical isolates of some bacteria using the disc diffusion method. Preliminary phytochemical studies revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, saponins, terpenoid, cardiac glycosides and tannins as the chemical class present in the extracts. The extracts showed inhibitory activity against clinical isolates of The gram negative bacteria such as Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhi A, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. gram positive bacteria are Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the methanol extracts was more potent than the aqueous extracts.
The objective of investigation was to prepare nanoemulsion containing risperidone (RSP) to accomp... more The objective of investigation was to prepare nanoemulsion containing risperidone (RSP) to accomplish the delivery of drug to the brain via nose. Risperidone nanoemulsion (RNE) and mucoadhesive nanoemulsion (RMNE) were characterized for drug content, pH, ...
BackgroundLong-term outcomes of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair... more BackgroundLong-term outcomes of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repairs performed by supervised surgical trainees are absent.
Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) is primarily associated with clinical syndromes such as rhinotrache... more Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) is primarily associated with clinical syndromes such as rhinotracheitis, pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis, abortion, infertility, conjunctivitis and encephalitis in bovine species. The main sources of infection are the nasal exudates and the respiratory droplets, genital secretions, semen, fetal fluids and tissues. The BHV-1 virus can become latent following a primary infection with a field isolate or vaccination with an attenuated strain. The viral genomic DNA has been demonstrated in the sensory ganglia of the trigeminal nerve in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and in sacral spinal ganglia in pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis cases. BHV-1 infections can be diagnosed by detection of virus or virus components and antibody by serological tests or by detection of genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nucleic acid hybridization and sequencing. Inactivated vaccines and modified live virus vaccines are used for prevention of BHV-1 infections in cattle; subunit vaccines and marker vaccines are under investigation.
Wireless sensor network consists of densely populated nodes connected to one another. In a typica... more Wireless sensor network consists of densely populated nodes connected to one another. In a typical sensor network environment, sensor nodes communicate with one or more base stations. Wireless sensor network is widely used in different areas such as agriculture, healthcare, defense, and other research areas. These areas differ in term of their respective security requirements. Areas such as agriculture demand less security, whereas defense and healthcare require more security. Resource constraints of sensor nodes make it complicated to implement classical security approaches in a wireless sensor network. This report overviews the existing literature on security issues in a wireless sensor network. In this report, security requirements are defined in a typical sensor network. Possible attacks are shown on different communication layers along with their mitigations. The feasibility of cryptographic measures is also examined in order to enforce security in the wireless sensor network. We discuss secure key exchange techniques to exchange cryptographic keys between sensor nodes and the base station. Additionally, The area of adaptive security is touched before concluding this report.
The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of proton MR spectroscopy in the diagnosis of ... more The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of proton MR spectroscopy in the diagnosis of intraventricular tumours. Fifty-two intraventricular tumours pertaining to 16 different tumour types were derived from our database. All cases had single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy performed at TE at both 30 and 136 ms at 1.5 T. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to search for the most discriminative datapoints each tumour type. Characteristic trends were found for some groups: high Glx and Ala in meningiomas (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively), high mobile lipids in metastasis (p < 0.001), high Cho in PNET (p < 0.001), high mI + Gly in ependymoma (p < 0.001), high NAC (p < 0.01) in the absence of the normal brain parenchyma pattern in colloid cysts, and high mI/Gly and Ala in central neurocytoma. Proton MR spectroscopy provides additional metabolic information that could be useful in the diagnosis of intraventricular brain tumors.
The design, preparation and characterization of poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles as a drug-... more The design, preparation and characterization of poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles as a drug-delivery system for daunorubicin is reported. A range of light scattering [photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS)], spectroscopic [1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), chromatographic [gel permeation chromatography (GPC)] and quantum chemical techniques have been employed for the physicochemical characterization of drug-loaded nanoparticles and to clarify the mechanisms of drug immobilization in the polymer matrix. The presence of daunorubicin in the polymerization medium was found to affect both the degree of polymerization and the compactness of the resulting nanoparticles. The GPC, FTIR and 1H NMR results confirmed cytostatic immobilization in the polymer matrix, with evidence for the presence of three types of inclusion: physically entrapped, polymer-associated (due to hydrogen bonds and/or dipole-charge interactions with the polymer chains), and polymer surface-adsorbed daunorubicin. The developed colloidal delivery system has the capacity for sustained in vitro release of daunorubicin. Preliminary in vitro assays were carried out on two cell lines, DLKP and DLKP-A, which display different levels of drug resistance, to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the drug-loaded nanoparticles.
It is essential for collection of blood samples from laboratory animals employed in wide range of... more It is essential for collection of blood samples from laboratory animals employed in wide range of scientific research. There is a no. of techniques available for blood sample collection from Rats/mice. The stress produced in animals during the blood collection may compromise with the research data which may invalidate the results. It is necessary that the blood sample collection is done by trained individuals so as to minimize the stress and other physiological reactions in the animals. This article reviews some of the common approved blood collection techniques for rats/mice.
The leaf samples of Adhatoda vasica and Vitex negundo were subjected to phytochemical analysis. B... more The leaf samples of Adhatoda vasica and Vitex negundo were subjected to phytochemical analysis. Both the plants contained antioxidant phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tannin, saponins, phenolics and flavonoids; which were present in comparatively higher amount in Vitex negundo. Tannins were recorded highest among all the phytochemicals (93.9 ± 0.8 and 61.3 ± 0.8 mg/g in Vitex negundo and Adhatoda vasica respectively). Phenolics were recorded lowest (13. ± 0.1 and 8.1 ± 0.5 mg/g in Adhatoda vasica and Vitex negundo respectively.The methanolic extracts of the plants were also analyzed for antioxidant and reducing power potentiality. Both plants showed strong antioxidant and reducing power ability. The strong antioxidant and reducing power ability of the plant underlines their use as antioxidant supplement against diseases such as typhoid during which antioxidant system fails; cardiovascular diseases which are caused due to accumulation of Reactive oxygen species; ageing related disea...
The communication deals with the antioxidant activity of aqueous leaf extract of Calotropis proce... more The communication deals with the antioxidant activity of aqueous leaf extract of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br., along with the phytochemical, pharmacological and nutritive properties. The total antioxidant activity was not very pronounced, however, the reducing potential of the extract was prominent, and showed concentration dependence. The phytochemical analysis showed high amount of total ash content (18.3±0.8 mg/g), moderate amount of flavonoids (25.08±0.6) and tannin (9.1±0.3) contents and low amount of phenol (15.2±0.3 mg/g). The protein content (181.0±6.0 mg/g ) was found high, while the fat (41.4±3.0 mg/g) and carbohydrate content (79.1±3.5 mg/g) as well as the nutritive potential (1.41±0.3 Cal/g) were in the moderate range. C. procera leaves showed high swelling and foaming indices (195±2.0 and 125±2.5 % respectively), which is an indicative of good drug release characteristics. Present findings suggest that C. procera is a potential source of phytochemicals like phenols,...
Aqueous, ethanolic, dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of Scilla natalensis Planch. and Ledebo... more Aqueous, ethanolic, dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of Scilla natalensis Planch. and Ledebouria ovatifolia (Bak.) Jessop bulbs (Hyacinthaceae) were screened for antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antischistosomic, anticancer and anthelmintic activity. Poor antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was shown with S. natalensis extracts. Good antibacterial activity was shown by the ethanolic and dichloromethane extracts of L. ovatifolia against Gram-positive bacteria. In the anti-inflammatory screening, the dichloromethane and hexane extracts of S. natalensis resulted in good inhibition against both COX-1 and COX-2. Ethanolic extracts had the highest inhibitory effect against nematodes in the anthelmintic assays. Poor antiinflammatory and anthelmintic activity was found with L. ovatifolia. Aqueous extracts of S. natalensis had good activity against Schistosoma haematobium , with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.4 mg ml (1. Aqueous extracts of fresh L. ovatifolia bulb material were found to be lethal to S. haematobium at a concentration of 1.6 mg ml (1. The phytochemical screening of S. natalensis bulbs revealed the presence of saponins and bufadienolides within the bulbs. Bulbs of L. ovatifolia contained bufadienolides.
Dictyopteris membranacea, a species of Mediterranean brown algae,is believed to have potential ph... more Dictyopteris membranacea, a species of Mediterranean brown algae,is believed to have potential pharmacological and nutritional applications. However, such potentials only make sense when devoid of any adverse health consequences. The present study should be seen in this context. It aimed at evaluating the genotoxicity and cytoxicity of its organic extract (F 0) and semi purified fractions (F 4, F 5 ,and F 6).Extracts were tested using the bacterial Vitotox ® test and micronucleus assay in different concentrations (from 1.25 µg/mL up to 100 µg/mL, depending on the test and the extract). Applied concentrations were based on a preliminary dose-finding test with the neutral red uptake assay. The results show that all extracts were not genotoxic in the presence or absence of a rat metabolic enzyme fraction (S9). This is encouraging and justifies further investigations on the therapeutic and other values of this algae. SUMMARY • Dictyopteris membranacea extracts and some of their semi purified fractions have important antibacterial properties. • The organic extract (F 0) and semi purified fractions (F 4 , F 5 , and F 6) were not genotoxic according to the bacterial Vitotox test. • They were also not genotoxic according to the micronucleus test in human C3A cells. • Applied concentrations were based on the in-vitro neutral red uptake (NRU) test.
Interest in "green nanotechnology" in nanoparticle biosynthesis is growing among researchers. Nan... more Interest in "green nanotechnology" in nanoparticle biosynthesis is growing among researchers. Nanotechnologies, due to their physicochemical and biological properties, have applications in diverse fields, including drug delivery, sensors, optoelectronics, and magnetic devices. This review focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant sources. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an eco-friendly approach, which should be further explored for the potential of different plants to synthesize nanoparticles. The sizes of AgNPs are in the range of 1 to 100 nm. Characterization of synthesized nanoparticles is accomplished through UV spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. AgNPs have great potential to act as antimicrobial agents. The green synthesis of AgNPs can be efficiently applied for future engineering and medical concerns. Different types of cancers can be treated and/or controlled by phytonanotechnology. The present review provides a comprehensive survey of plant-mediated synthesis of AgNPs with specific focus on their applications, e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
For decades, the hallmark of medical treatment for cancer has been intravenous cytotoxic chemothe... more For decades, the hallmark of medical treatment for cancer has been intravenous cytotoxic chemotherapy, where these drugs target rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells and certain normal tissues. As a result, many patients experience the classic toxicities of alopecia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and myelosuppression. In the past decade, however, a dramatic shift has been witnesses in the cancer therapy. Although traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy still remains the treatment of choice for many malignancies, targeted therapies are now a component of treatment for many types of cancer, including breast, colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers, as well as lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma.
... We now report on the antifertility activity of a crude ethanol extract in male albino rats. M... more ... We now report on the antifertility activity of a crude ethanol extract in male albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS ... Animals were fed with pelleted standard rat feed (Hindustan Lever Ltd., India), supplemented with soaked gram and wheat. Water was provided ad libilum. ...
An important requirement of immobilized enzyme based biosensors is the thermal stability of the e... more An important requirement of immobilized enzyme based biosensors is the thermal stability of the enzyme. Studies were carried out to increase thermal stability of glucose oxidase (GOD) for biosensor applications. Immobilization of the enzyme was carried out using glass beads as support and the effect of silane concentration (in the range 1–10%) during the silanization step on the thermal stability of GOD has been investigated. Upon incubation at 70 °C for 3 h, the activity retention with 1% silane was only 23%, which increased with silane concentration to reach a maximum up to 250% of the initial activity with 4% silane. Above this concentration the activity decreased. The increased stability of the enzyme in the presence of high silane concentrations may be attributed to the increase in the surface hydrophobicity of the support. The decrease in the enzyme stability for silane concentrations above 4% was apparently due to the uneven deposition of the silane layer on the glass bead su...
A novel method based on immuno-chemiluminescence and image analysis using charge coupled device (... more A novel method based on immuno-chemiluminescence and image analysis using charge coupled device (CCD) for the qualitative detection of methyl parathion (MP) with high sensitivity (up to 10 ppt) is described. MP antibodies raised in poultry were used as a biological sensing element for the recognition of MP present in the sample. The immuno-reactor column was prepared by packing in a glass capillary column (150 μl capacity) MP antibodies immobilized on Sepharose CL-4B through periodate oxidation method. Chemiluminescence principle was used for the detection of the pesticide. Light images generated during the chemiluminescence reaction were captured by a CCD camera and further processed for image intensity, which was correlated with pesticide concentrations. K3Fe(CN)6 was used as a light enhancer to obtain detectable light images. Different parameters including concentrations of K3Fe(CN)6, luminol, urea H2O2, antibody, addition sequence of reactants and incubation time to obtain best ...
Phytochemical investigation was carried out on the crude methanol and aqueous extracts of the lea... more Phytochemical investigation was carried out on the crude methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Syzygium cumini (L.) (MYRTACEAE). The antimicrobial activity of the extract was tested against standard strains and clinical isolates of some bacteria using the disc diffusion method. Preliminary phytochemical studies revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, saponins, terpenoid, cardiac glycosides and tannins as the chemical class present in the extracts. The extracts showed inhibitory activity against clinical isolates of The gram negative bacteria such as Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhi A, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. gram positive bacteria are Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the methanol extracts was more potent than the aqueous extracts.
The objective of investigation was to prepare nanoemulsion containing risperidone (RSP) to accomp... more The objective of investigation was to prepare nanoemulsion containing risperidone (RSP) to accomplish the delivery of drug to the brain via nose. Risperidone nanoemulsion (RNE) and mucoadhesive nanoemulsion (RMNE) were characterized for drug content, pH, ...
BackgroundLong-term outcomes of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair... more BackgroundLong-term outcomes of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repairs performed by supervised surgical trainees are absent.
Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) is primarily associated with clinical syndromes such as rhinotrache... more Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) is primarily associated with clinical syndromes such as rhinotracheitis, pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis, abortion, infertility, conjunctivitis and encephalitis in bovine species. The main sources of infection are the nasal exudates and the respiratory droplets, genital secretions, semen, fetal fluids and tissues. The BHV-1 virus can become latent following a primary infection with a field isolate or vaccination with an attenuated strain. The viral genomic DNA has been demonstrated in the sensory ganglia of the trigeminal nerve in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and in sacral spinal ganglia in pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis cases. BHV-1 infections can be diagnosed by detection of virus or virus components and antibody by serological tests or by detection of genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nucleic acid hybridization and sequencing. Inactivated vaccines and modified live virus vaccines are used for prevention of BHV-1 infections in cattle; subunit vaccines and marker vaccines are under investigation.
Wireless sensor network consists of densely populated nodes connected to one another. In a typica... more Wireless sensor network consists of densely populated nodes connected to one another. In a typical sensor network environment, sensor nodes communicate with one or more base stations. Wireless sensor network is widely used in different areas such as agriculture, healthcare, defense, and other research areas. These areas differ in term of their respective security requirements. Areas such as agriculture demand less security, whereas defense and healthcare require more security. Resource constraints of sensor nodes make it complicated to implement classical security approaches in a wireless sensor network. This report overviews the existing literature on security issues in a wireless sensor network. In this report, security requirements are defined in a typical sensor network. Possible attacks are shown on different communication layers along with their mitigations. The feasibility of cryptographic measures is also examined in order to enforce security in the wireless sensor network. We discuss secure key exchange techniques to exchange cryptographic keys between sensor nodes and the base station. Additionally, The area of adaptive security is touched before concluding this report.
The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of proton MR spectroscopy in the diagnosis of ... more The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of proton MR spectroscopy in the diagnosis of intraventricular tumours. Fifty-two intraventricular tumours pertaining to 16 different tumour types were derived from our database. All cases had single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy performed at TE at both 30 and 136 ms at 1.5 T. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to search for the most discriminative datapoints each tumour type. Characteristic trends were found for some groups: high Glx and Ala in meningiomas (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively), high mobile lipids in metastasis (p < 0.001), high Cho in PNET (p < 0.001), high mI + Gly in ependymoma (p < 0.001), high NAC (p < 0.01) in the absence of the normal brain parenchyma pattern in colloid cysts, and high mI/Gly and Ala in central neurocytoma. Proton MR spectroscopy provides additional metabolic information that could be useful in the diagnosis of intraventricular brain tumors.
The design, preparation and characterization of poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles as a drug-... more The design, preparation and characterization of poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles as a drug-delivery system for daunorubicin is reported. A range of light scattering [photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS)], spectroscopic [1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), chromatographic [gel permeation chromatography (GPC)] and quantum chemical techniques have been employed for the physicochemical characterization of drug-loaded nanoparticles and to clarify the mechanisms of drug immobilization in the polymer matrix. The presence of daunorubicin in the polymerization medium was found to affect both the degree of polymerization and the compactness of the resulting nanoparticles. The GPC, FTIR and 1H NMR results confirmed cytostatic immobilization in the polymer matrix, with evidence for the presence of three types of inclusion: physically entrapped, polymer-associated (due to hydrogen bonds and/or dipole-charge interactions with the polymer chains), and polymer surface-adsorbed daunorubicin. The developed colloidal delivery system has the capacity for sustained in vitro release of daunorubicin. Preliminary in vitro assays were carried out on two cell lines, DLKP and DLKP-A, which display different levels of drug resistance, to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the drug-loaded nanoparticles.
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